인왕산 소나무림의 경관변화와 문화경관림 복원방안 연구 A study on Restoration Plan of Cultural Forest and Change of Pinus densiflora Forest in Inwangsan(Mt.), Seoul
pp.219-232
본 연구는 인왕산의 과거 기록자료 및 문화경관지역에 나타난 소나무림의 분포 특성을 파악하여 소나무림 경관복원을 위한 관리방안을 수립하는데 목적이 있다. 인왕산의 과거 소나무림은 정선, 장시흥, 강희언의 산수화에서 잘 표현되어 있는데, 주로 동사면 능선부의 암반 주변을 표현하고 있었다. 인왕산 사진자료는 1800년대 말부터 기록되어 있는데 소나무림은 주로 서측 사면 저지대와 능선부에 분포하고 있었다. 인왕산의 문화유적 주변과 암반 주변 경관을 분석한 결과 대부분 소나무림이 우점하고 있었다. 인왕산의 과거 소나무림 경관을 형성하고 있는 지역을 대상으로 현존식생을 분석한 결과 소나무림을 유지하고 있는 지역은 51.87%, 인공림 변화한 지역이 25.80%이었다. 산림 저지대 소나무림은 대부분 시가화지역(10.16%)으로 변화되었다. 인왕산 소나무림 경관 복원을 위한 관리유형구분은 보전관리, 소나무복원관리, 유지관리로 설정하였다. 보전관리는 소나무림 분포지와 암반 분포지역으로 설정하였고 소나무 복원관리는 능선부의 자생종 낙엽활엽수 분포지, 외래종 식생 분포지와 산림 내 훼손지역으로 설정하였다. 유지관리지역은 인왕산 저지대 시가화지역과 인왕산 정상부의 군부대 입지지역으로 설정하였다.
The purpose of this study was to find characteristics of Pinus densiflora forests in previous records and cultural landscape regions and to establish a management method for recovery of P. densiflora landscape. A total of 16 landscape paintings were analyzed to study P. densiflora forests in Inwangsan(Mt.) shown in figure data. As a result of analyzing figure data, P. densiflora forests were found to be distributed mainly in the ridge line of east slope side of Inwangsan(Mt.) from landscape paintings of Jung Seon, Jang Si Heung and Gang Hee Un. In order to analyze the landscape of P. densiflora forests shown in photograph data on Inwangsan(Mt.), photographs of Inwangsan(Mt.) since late 1800s were searched and a total of 24 photographs were used for analysis. As a result of photographic analysis, P. densiflora forests were found to be distributed mainly in the low area and ridge line of western slope side of Inwangsan(Mt.). As a result of analyzing the distribution status of 10 cultural heritages of Inwangsan(Mt.), cultural heritages in the mountain were mainly established with rocks and P. densiflora forests as the background and are establishing their landscape not only as a form of cultural heritage but also including the natural landscape in the background. A method of restoring cultural landscape of P. densiflora forests was necessary. As a result of analyzing 26 rock beds of Inwangsan(Mt.), most of P. densiflora forests were distributed nearby rock beds since the past. Among such regions, restoration and management of introduced species in the accumulated soil regions to P. densiflora forests were deemed necessary. As a result of analyzing current vegetation of P. densiflora forest areas of the past, 51.87% of areas maintained P. densiflora forest and 25.80% were changed to artificial forests. Most of low areas of the mountain were turned into urban area (10.16%). Management type for restoration of P. densiflora landscape of Inwangsan(Mt.) was classified into preservation, P. densiflora restoration and maintenance. Preservation management was configured as P. densiflora distribution and rocky area distribution. The targets of P. densiflora restoration were indigenous broad-leaf trees, vegetation areas with introduced species and damaged regions within the mountain. The targets of maintenance were urban area in the low area of Inwangsan(Mt.) and military base at the top of the mountain.