무등산, 천봉산 및 조계산에서 털조장나무 개체군의 분포특성과 동태 Distribution Characteristics and Dynamics of the Lindera sericea Population at Mt. Mudeung, Mt. Cheonbong and Mt. Chogye
pp.570-579
녹나무과 생강나무속인 털조장나무는 한국 희귀식물 가운데 약관심종(LC), 식물구계학적 특정식물 Ⅳ등급 종이며 무등산국립공원 깃대종이다. 무등산, 천봉산 및 조계산 지역에서 털조장나무는 경사도는 12°~51°, 분포사면은 북서사면에서 북동사면까지, 해발고는 220~533m사이에 분포하였다. 털조장나무를 조사한 방형구에서 확인한 관속식물은 37과 54속 66종 5변종 1품종 총 72분류군이었다. 이중 식물구계학적 특정식물 Ⅳ등급종은 털조장나무, Ⅲ등급 종에는 노각나무와 단풍나무가 있었으며, 한국 고유종은 노각나무와 지리대사초였다. 털조장나무가 분포하는 무등산지역의 식생군집은 신갈나무와 졸참나무-털조장나무, 때죽나무 군집, 천봉산지역은 노각나무-털조장나무, 조릿대군집, 조계산 지역의 선암사지역은 서어나무-털조장나무, 조릿대군집 그리고 송광사 지역은 노각나무-털조장나무, 조릿대군집이었다. 조사된 털조장나무는 총 662개체였는데 이중 치수를 포함한 줄기가 1개인 개체는 353개(53.32%)였고, 2~5개의 맹아지를 갖는 개체는 270개(40.79%)였다. 맹아지 수가 가장 많은 개체는 27개로 확인되었다. 전체 662개체에서 맹아지 수는 1,198줄기였다. 또한 수고는 50㎝에서 150㎝까지의 개체가 699개(58.34%)로 가장 많았고 가장 큰 맹아지는 565㎝였다. 맹아지의 근원 직경은 1㎝미만이 992개(82.81%)로 가장 많았고 다음은 직경 1.0~1.5㎝는 156개(13.2%)였다. 가장 큰 줄기는 근원 직경이 3.2㎝이고 키는 565㎝이었는데 근원부는 50%가, 흉고부는 25%가 고사된 상태였고, 줄기 한쪽이 세로로 찢어져 있었다. 4m이상인 3개체의 줄기도 정단부의 가지가 일부 고사된 상태였다. 따라서 한국산 털조장나무는 정아우세인 수형을 유지하지만 일정 수고 이상의 줄기는 고사되고 맹아지 수를 증가시킴으로서 개체의 형태적 적응을 보이는 관목이다.
Lindera sericea, which belongs to genus Lindera in the Lauraceae family, is labeled under Least Concerned (LC) among Korean rare plants, floristics specific species Ⅳgrade and also flagpole species of the Mudeung National Park. It is distributed in Mt. Mudeung, Mt. Cheonbong and Mt. Chogye within gradients from 12˚to51˚. The slope area is from northeast to northwest sides and the altitude range of distribution site is between 220 m and 533 m. The vascular plants in the quadrate where Lindera sericea were studied were identified as a total of 72 taxa; 37 families, 54 genera, 66 species, 5 variants and 1 forma. Among the floristics specific species, Ⅳ grade species was Lindera sericea and Ⅲgrade species were Stewartia pseudocamellia and Acer palmatum. Korean endemic species were Stewartia pseudocamellia and Carex okamotoi. As for the vegetation group, Quercus mongolica and Q. serratak - Lindera sericea, Styrax japonicus populations were found in Mt. Mudeung area where Lindera sericea appeared, Stewartia pseudocamellia-Lindera sericea and Sasa borealis populations were found in Mt. Cheonbong areas, Carpinus laxiflora - Lindera sericea and Sasa borealis populations were found in Mt. Chogye area, and Stewartia pseudocamellia-Lindera sericea and Sasa borealis populations were found in Songgwangsa area. A total number of 662 Lindera sericea individuals were examined. The number of trees with 1 trunk including younger individuals was 353 (53.32%), and the number of trees with 2 to 5 stems was 270 (40.79%). The number of trees with the greatest number of sprouts was 27. Of 662 trees in total, the total number of sprouts was 1,198. Among these, 699 trees (58.34%) were between 50 ㎝and 150 ㎝in height. The tallest tree was 585 ㎝. The most common root-collar diameter of sprouts (992, 82.81%) was under 1 ㎝, followed by the sprouts with collar diameter from 1.0 to 1.5 ㎝(156, 13.2%). Among them, the largest root-collar diameter was 3.2 ㎝. This Lindera sericea specimen had the tallest trunk (565 ㎝) which was torn lengthwise on one side. Its root and breast parts were decayed by 50% and 25 respectively. Some branches of the three trunks that were more than 4 m in length were dead in the apical portion. Therefore, it is proposed that the Korean Lindera sericea maintains an apical dominance tree type while showing morphological adaptation as a typical shrub because it autonomously decays some branches and trunks over a certain height while increasing the number of its sprouts.