A Diachronic and Synchronic Examination of the Character “Dài” as a Place Name* - The Issue of Including “Place Name Characters” in Dictionaries - 作爲地名用字的“埭”字歷時共時考察 ——兼及辭書該不該收“地名用字”
pp.1-27
Some scholars argue that after the Yuan and Ming dynasties, the function of the character "Dai"(埭) gradually diminished in real life, and the character itself slowly faded from people's view. In modern life, people may occasionally encounter the character "Dai"(埭) in some ancient place names or modern place names that inherit ancient traditions. Others suggest that the use of "Dai" (埭) in place names in Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, is influenced by the Min dialect. However, this paper holds a different view. In fact, in the provinces and cities south of the Yangtze River, including Zhejiang, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Anhui, and Fujian, the character "Dai"(埭) is very common as a place name, with a higher frequency of use compared to its function as a water conservancy facility. It is by no means "occasional." As a frequently used place name, including in Fujian, it has not faded from people's view at all. Through diachronic examination, it is found that the character "Dai"(埭) has been used as a place name at least since before the Tang Dynasty and has never been (埭) interrupted. It was not only used as a place name after the Yuan and Ming dynasties. The toponymic use of 'Dai' (埭) across Zhejiang, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Anhui, and Fujian can be regarded as a vestige of ancient Chinese linguistic heritage. Many dictionaries, including some well-known ones, have not included the meaning of "place name character" for "Dai," which seems inappropriate. These dictionaries have included the dialectal usage of "Dai"(埭) as a measure word but have overlooked its dialectal place name usage, which is a case of "focusing on one thing while neglecting another."
有人認爲, 元明以後, “埭”的功用在現實生活中逐漸減小, “埭”字也慢慢淡出了 人們的視野；在現代生活中, 人們偶或與“埭”字的邂逅當是在一些古代地名或是襲古而 來的現代地名裡。又有人認爲浙江溫州地名中的“埭”是受閩語的影響。其實, 在長江以 南的浙江、上海、江蘇、安徽、福建等省市中, 作爲地名的“埭”很普遍, 比起作爲水利設 施來, 使用頻率更高, 並非是“偶或”, 作爲地名常用, 包括福建, 所以, 它根本沒有淡出人們的 視野。通過歷時考察, 發現作地名用的“埭”至少在唐代以前已有, 以後一直未中斷, 並非 “元、明以後”才用作地名。浙江、上海、江蘇、安徽、福建用“埭”作地名, 應該是繼承 了古代漢語才是。不少辭書, 甚至是著名的辭書未收“埭”的“地名用字”義, 似不妥, 這些辭 書, 收“埭”的方言用法量詞義, 卻未收方言地名用字義, 是“顧此失彼”。
1. Introduction
2. The Character &quat;Dài&quat;(埭) in Real Life
3. Historical Place Names with the Character &quat;Dài&quat;(埭)
4. Place Names with the Character &quat;Dài&quat;(埭) in Peking University's(CCL) Corpus
5. &quat;Dài&quat; in Dictionaries
6. &quat;Dài&quat; Reflecting Place Name Culture and Water Conservancy Culture
References
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