This study analyzed the methods and characteristics of hydrogen production, storage, transportation, charging, and use of hydrogen presented as an energy supply and demand system for hydrogen. Hydrogen produced by reforming hydrogen, which exists in the form of compounds, is essential to use metal materials exposed to the hydrogen atmosphere in storage and transportation. The mechanism of hydrogen embrittlement and damage cases, which are phenomena in which hydrogen atoms penetrate into the crystal lattice of metal and cause crack failure, were investigated. In addition, it is intended to present a research direction related to the evaluation of physical properties such as thermal conductivity, thermal expansion coefficient, and heat capacity, which are the criteria for selecting materials for hydrogen in a cryogenic environment.