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Wing form dimorphism in reaction to nymphal density in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens
An expression of adult wing form in reaction to rearing density during nymphal stage was investigated in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. Under mass rearing condition, the S-BPH and the 2007-BPH population predominantly showed a short-winged, brachypterous, form and a long-winged, macropterous, form, respectively. At rearing density of less than 5 nymphs in the 2007-BPH, 90% of females showed brachypterous form, but all males became macropterous form. The ratio of macropterous form in the 2007-BPH males decreased by 75% in 10 to 15 rearing density, but increased by more than 95% again at 20 to 30 rearing density. In the case of the 2007-BPH females, the ratio of macropterous form gradually grew from 31% at 10 nymphal density to 92% at 20 nymphal density. All females originated from the S-BPH showed brachypterous form, regardless of nymphal density. The ratio of macropterous males in the S-BPH rapidly went down from 74% at 1 nymphal density to 10% at 10 nymphal density. At 20 nymphal rearing density, all males of the S-BPH showed brachypterous form. On the other hand, other brachypterous (OJ67-BPH) and macropterous (2006-BPH) population produced similar results with above the two populations at 1 nymphal rearing density. In summary, these results demonstrate that wing form dimorphism in N. lugens is largely influenced by nymphal density and the wing form at a specific density (low or high) can be different by sex or N. lugens populations.
