Direct seeding of rice is increasingly being practiced in both rainfed and irrigated areas because of labor shortage for transplanting and opportunities for crop intensification. However, slow seed germination and delayed seedling establishment will become a major problem for rice production in flood-prone lowland areas as sowing method shifts from transplanting to direct seeding. Identification of anoxia-induced ethylene response factors is suggestive because genes belonging to this gene family play a crucial role in rice tolerance to submergence. In this study, genetic structure variability of three AG related genes, Sub1 (Sub1A, Sub1B, Sub1C), Sub2 (OsGAPPH) and Ramy3D were examined by using whole-genome resequencing data of 84 accessions of rice core set. Some new SNPs and InDels found in exon part of anaerobic germination related genes in the present study would be useful in developing markers to identify the submergence resistant varieties in the future molecular breeding.

• Yong-Jin Park(Department of Plant Resources, College of Industrial Science, Kongju National University, Legume Bio-Resource Center of Green Manure (LBRCGM), Kongju National University) Corresponding Author
• Aye Aye Khaing(Department of Plant Resources, College of Industrial Science, Kongju National University)
• Win Htet Oo(Department of Plant Resources, College of Industrial Science, Kongju National University)