Jaecheol Lee. 2000. The Intervention Effects and the Typology of Wh-Specifiers. Studies in Modern Grammar 20, 133-156. In this paper, we examine whether the tax-paying strategy proposed by Norvin (1998) is justified in both the Wh-feature movement and the phrasal Wh-movement. Following the tax-paying strategy, once the first instance of movement to α has obeyed Attract Closest(AC), the other instances of movement to α need not satisfy it since the first operation to α has already paid AC tax. We assume that Wh-phrasal movement pays AC tax and Subjacency tax while Wh-feature movement pays only AC tax. They are supported by the following facts.: (i) multiple Wh-questions in Bulgarian, or (ii) the Superiority effects, Island phenomena and Weak Crossover constructions in English. We argue that the typology of Wh-Comlementizers play a crucial role in explaining the multiple questions in Bulgarian and English, the lack of the Superiority effects in German, and the Intervention effects in Korean and Japanese. Finally, we argue that the scope-bearing elements such as negations and quantifiers induce the Intervention effects only when they cause the separation construction of Wh-phrase through the Wh-feature movement or the Wh-operator movement without pied-piping of the whole DP. They are evidenced by the data in English, Korean, and Japanese.

• Jae Cheol Lee