D-pinitol is an analog of 3-methoxy-D-chiro-inositol found in beans and plants. D-pinitol has anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and anticancer effects. Additionally, D-pinitol induces apoptosis and inhibits metastasis in breast and prostate cancers. However, to date, no study has investigated the anticancer effects of D-pinitol in oral cancer. Therefore, in this study, whether the anticancer effects of D-pinitol induce apoptosis, inhibit the epithelialto- mesenchymal transition (EMT), and arrest cell cycle was investigated in squamous epithelial cells. D-pinitol decreased the survival and cell proliferation rates of CAL-27 and Ca9-22 oral squamous carcinoma cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Evidence of apoptosis, including nuclear condensation, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, and caspase-3 fragmentation, was also observed. D-pinitol inhibited the migration and invasion of both cell lines. In terms of EMT-related proteins, E-cadherin was increased, whereas N-cadherin, Snail, and Slug were decreased. D-pinitol also decreased the expression of cyclin D1, a protein involved in the cell cycle, but increased the expression of p21, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor. Hence, D-pinitol induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in CAL-27 and Ca9-22 cells, demonstrating an anticancer effect by decreasing the EMT.

Introduction
Materials and Methods
    1. Drug and reagents
    2. Cell culture
    3. Cell viability assay
    4. Colony formation assay
    5. Hoechst 33342 staining assay
    6. Wound healingassay
    7. Transwell invasion assay
    8. Flow cytometry
    9. Western blot analysis
    10. Statistical analysis
Results
    1. D-pinitol reduced the cell viability and proliferationin OSCC cells
    2. D-pinitol induced apoptosis in OSCC cells
    3. D-pinitol inhibited the cell migration and invasion inOSCC cells
    4. D-pinitol regulated the EMT-related proteinexpression in OSCC cells
    5. D-pinitol induced G1 cell arrest in OSCC cells
Discussion
Acknowledgements
Conflicts of Interest
References

• Hyun-Chul Shin(Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University)
• Tea-Hyun Bang(Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University)
• Hae-Mi Kang(Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University)
• Bong-Soo Park(Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, BK21 FOUR Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University)
• In-Ryoung Kim(Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, BK21 FOUR Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University) Correspondence to