The discovery of antibiotics has helped to save the lives of an uncountable number of people. Antibiotics have been grouped in different classes based on their origin, structure, and mechanism of action. An intrinsic and acquired mechanism of antimicrobial resistance has been identified in many bacterial strains that are of high clinical importance. This has seriously jeopardized the use of antibiotics and has also caused the spread of microbes that are resistant to effective first-choice, or “first-line” drugs. Thus, sensible use of antibiotics and the search for effective alternative measures are of high importance in order to minimize the effect due to existing and emerging antimicrobial resistant microbes.

• Han Sang Yoo(Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine,KRF Zoonotic Disease Priority Research Institute, Brain Korea 21 for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University) Corresponding author
• Nabin Rayamajhi(Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, KRF Zoonotic Disease Priority Research Institute, Brain Korea 21 for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University)
• Seung Bin Cha(Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, KRF Zoonotic Disease Priority Research Institute, Brain Korea 21 for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University)