The aim of the present study was to investigate sex- and age-associated clinico-metabolic characteristics of urinary stone patients. A retrospective review was performed on data from 2,009 consecutive patients presenting with their first urinary stone episode between 2005 and 2013. Of the 2,009 patients, 1,426 (71.0%) satisfied the inclusion criteria and were enrolled in the study. Patients were grouped by age (<60, ≥60 years old) and sex. The medical history and 24 hr urinary chemistry results of each patient were obtained. The mean age of the 165 (11.6%) patients aged 60 or over was 65.5 ± 4.2 years. Body mass index was greater in elderly females than in younger females (p=0.031). After stratification by sex and age, lower urinary excretion of calcium and uric acid was a protective factor for both sexes among the elderly (p<0.05, each, respectively). Low urine pH was a common risk factor for both sexes among the elderly (p=0.013 in males, p=0.047 in females, respectively), whereas lower citrate excretion was a risk factor for only the elderly female group (p=0.004). With regard to urinary metabolic abnormalities, elderly females showed higher incidence of hypocitraturia compared to younger females (p=0.049). In conclusion, this study demonstrated the sex- and age-associated clinico-metabolic characteristics of urinary stone patients. Thus, it is important to tailor metabolic evaluation and medical prevention therapies for patient according to sex and gender characteristics.

Introduction
Materials and Methods
Results
Discussion
Acknowledgements
ORCID
References

• Sang Keun Lee(Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea)
• Young-Won Kim(Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea)
• Ho Won Kang(Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea)
• Won Tae Kim(Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea)
• Yong-June Kim(Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea)
• Seok-Joong Yun(Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea)
• Wun-Jae Kim(Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea)
• Sang-Cheol Lee(Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea)