1990년대 중국의 개혁개방과 더불어 국영기업의 민영화가 가져온 下崗, 사회 배급시스템의 중지, 도농간의 빈부격차 등의 부작용은 수많은 하위계층을 양산해내면서, 그들을 사회의 주변으로 내몰고 압박하였다. 그리고 지배이데올로기의 부작용에 노출된 하위계층의 삶과 일상을 재현하는 영화들이 등장하면서 중국 사회의 구조가 안고 있는 모순과 문제점을 포착하였다. 그리고 지배이데올로기의 순기능을 확산하는 영화도 나타나기 시작하였다. 본 연구는 이러한 구도를 저항과 순응의 측면에서 파악하고 있다. <안양의 고아>, <인재경도>, <삼협호 인> 등의 영화를 중심으로 저항과 순응의 관점을 제시하고자 한다.

The purpose of this study is to suggest the perspective of the resistance and adaptation to the dominant ideology through considering a movie of containing subaltern in modern China over the past decade, and to examine the representational aspect in a movie of subaltern through this ambivalent analysis. Subaltern began to appear along with China's reform and openness in the 1990s. A change into a capitalist system from a socialist system made a compressed growth in China. But the side effects such as the early voluntary retirement caused by privatization in a state enterprise, as the suspension in a community distribution system, and as a gap between the rich and poor in urban and rural areas led to the mass production of numerous subalterns, thereby having suppressed with kicking them out in the surroundings of society. And as the movies appear that revive life and everyday life in subalterns of having been exposed to side effects of this ruling ideology, even a movie began to appear that spreads the good function of dominant ideology as well as seizing contradictions and problems that the structure in Chinese society has. This study is grasping this structure in the aspect of resistance and adaptation. This study selected The Orphan of Anyang, Lost on Journey and Still Life as a text among the movies that reproduced diverse subalterns, thereby having aimed to look at the representation of subaltern in the aspect of resistance and adaptation. Jia Zhangke ever showed a contradiction and a conflict of China's modern society with subalterns' eyes. However, WaiMan Yip is being indicated to have concentrated on spreading Chinese-style fantasy through the developed China and the successful migrant laborer.

1. 저항과 순응의 경계 짓기
 2. 하위계층 재현에 대한 고찰
  1) 왕차오의 <안양의 고아>
  2) 예웨이민의 <인재경도>
  3) 지아장커의 <삼협호인>
 3. 나오는 말

• 박민수(영남대학교 중국언어문화학과) | Park, Min-Soo