Dual-color fluorescence in situ hybridization karyotype analysis was created using repetitive sequences including two types of rDNA repeats (45S and 5S rDNAs) and Arabidopsis-type telomere sequence repeats. The somatic metaphase cells of Carthamus tinctorius were observed as diploids (2n=2x=24). A symmetrical or slightly asymmetrical karyotype with seven pairs of metacentric and five pairs of submetacentric chromosomes was observed. The lengths of the somatic metaphase chromosomes ranged from 4.18 to 6.53 ㎛, with a total length of 60.71 ㎛. One locus of 45S rDNA was located on the pericentromeric regions of three pairs of chromosomes and the other pair was situated on the terminal regions of the short arms of a single pair of chromosomes. One locus of 5S rDNA was detected on the interstitial regions of the short arms of two pairs of chromosomes. Arabidopsis-type telomeric repeats were detected on the terminal regions of all pairs of chromosomes. Co-localization of loci between telomeric repeats and 45S rDNA was observed in a single pair of chromosomes. The results provide additional information for the existing physical mapping project of C. tinctorius and will also serve as a benchmark to a more intricate cytogenetic investigation of C. tinctorius and its related species.

Abstract
 Introduction
 Materials & Methods
  Plant materials and chromosome preparation
  DNA isolation
  Probe preparation
  FISH
 Results & Discussion
 References

• Franklin Hinosa Mancia(Department of Environmental Horticulture, Sahmyook University)
• Yoon Ha Ju(Department of Convergence Science, Sahmyook University)
• Ki-Byung Lim(Department of Horticultural Science, Kyungpook National University)
• Jung Sun Kim(National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration)
• Sang Yong Nam(Department of Environmental Horticulture, Sahmyook University)
• Yoon-Jung Hwang(Department of Environmental Horticulture, Sahmyook University, Department of Convergence Science, Sahmyook University) Corresponding author