Background: Multifaceted approaches will be needed, such as global synkinesis (GS) achieve functional improvements in the arms of stroke patients from involuntary movements during exercise.
Objective: To identify changes in arm GS and muscle activity, functional evaluation and the correlation with variables through action observation training, combined with functional electrical stimulation (FES), thereby verifying the effect on stroke patients.
Design: A quasi-experimental study.
Methods: The subjects of this study were 20 stroke patients who were divided into two groups: Control group (n=10) and experimental group (n=10). Before the intervention, arm GS and muscle activity were measured using surface electromyography (EMG), and arm function was evaluated using the Fugl– Meyer Assessment (FMA) scale. At the end of the intervention, which lasted 4-wk, arm GS and muscle activity were measured again using the same scale.
Results: There was a decrease statistically significant difference in GS during the bending action in experimental group (P<.01). Both groups showed a significant difference increased only in the activity of the anterior deltoid (AD) and biceps brachii (BB) (P<.05). The results of the arm functional assessment revealed a significant difference increase in both groups (P<.05). In the between-group comparison, there was a significant difference decrease in GS during the bending action (P<.05). Only the muscle activity of the AD and BB were significantly increase different (P<.05). There was a significant betweengroup difference increase in the arm functional assessment (P<.05). There was a positive correlation between GS and muscle activity on the FMA in the control group (r=.678, P<.05). In experimental group, GS during the bending arm action exhibited a negative correlation (r=-.749, P<.05), and the muscle activity of the AD and BB showed a positive correlation (r=.701, P<.05). Furthermore, in experimental group, the activity of the extensor carpi radialis increased, and the activity of the flexor carpi radialis decreased, which exhibited a negative correlation (r=-.708, P<.05).
Conclusion: These results suggest that brain plasticity could be more efficiently stimulated by combining surface stimulation in the affected arm of stroke patients.

INTRODUCTION
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
    Subjects
    Outcome Measures
    Interventions
    Experimental Procedures
    Data and Statistical Analysis
RESULTS
    Comparison of arm GS changes, muscle activity, and changes in functional assessments within each of the two groups
    Comparison of arm GS changes, muscle activity, and changes in functional assessments between the two groups
    Correlation between GS and Muscle activity FMA in Contral group
    Correlation between GS and Muscle activity and FMA in Experimental group
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES

• Jeongil Kang(Department of Physical Therapy, Sehan University)
• Huikyeong Kim(Department of Physical Therapy, Sehan University) Correspondence
• Daekeun Jeong(Department of Physical Therapy, Sehan University)
• Seungkyu Park(Department of Physical Therapy, Sehan University)
• Daejung Yang(Department of Physical Therapy, Sehan University)
• Jeho Kim(Department of Physical Therapy, Sehan University)
• Youngjun Moon(Jung- Daun Hosipital)