Visual census and hydro-acoustic survey was carried out at Ulju small scale marine ranching area (MRA) to estimate demersal fish aggregations on September and November 2013. In this hydro-acoustic survey, the authors combined an image sonar with a scientific echo sounder to monitor an underwater situation and compare two acoustic data. Consequently, visual census survey was useful to estimate fish species composition for hydro-acoustic survey, because it is easy to identify aggregated fish species and overcome limits on a fishing depth and ability of an conventional fishing gear like a bottom gill-net or a fish trap at marine ranching area. Mean fish density was estimated as 0.757 g/m2 on September and 0.219 g/m2 on November and Fish abundance was finally calculated as 1.51ton (coefficient of variation, CV=13.1%) on September and 0.44ton (CV=47.7%) on November, respectively. Hydro-acoustic survey combined with the image sonar was useful to monitor fish aggregations and estimate fish stocks around artificial reefs at shallow coastal MRA. We were able to easily identify the underwater structures like an artificial reef and a fishing rope as well as fish aggregations from image sonar data. Therefore, the method was effective to separate unwanted echo signals in acoustic data of scientific echo sounder.

본 연구에서는 북한의 「바다오염방지법」에 대해 법적․경제적 함의에 대해 분석하였다. 이를 위해 북한의 관련법령과 우리 나라의 법률, 제한적인 정보와 기존 연구문헌을 통해 비교분석하였다. 「바다오염방지법」은 북한의 해양환경관련법령 중에서 기본법의 성격을 가지고 있다. 그러나 남한의 관계 법률과 달리, 「바다오염방지법」은 환경권이나 행복권 추구라는 민주시민의 기본권리 보장보다는 해양오염방지를 통한 자원의 확보를 강조하고 있다. 또한 각급 국토환경보호기관(관련기관, 기업체, 단체 포함)의 실질적인 정책시행 등에 대한 제반규정이 적다. 북한의 법령체계의 특수성을 고려한다고 하더라도, 실행체계에 대한 미비로 인해 법의 실효성에 문제가 있을 것으로 판단된다. 이 법의 경제효과분석을 위해서는 자료축적이 필요하다. 향후 통일을 대비한 남북한의 법령제도통합을 위해서는 비교적 이념중립적인 환경관련법령을 통한 접근이 중요하다.

This study was performed to estimate biomass and provide management guidance through population ecological characteristics, including growth parameters, instantaneous coefficients of natural and fishing mortalities, and age at first capture of the starry flounder, Platichthys stellatus and olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus of Korea. For describing growth of this species, a von Bertalanffy growth model was adopted. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters estimated from a non-linear regression for starry flounder were L∞=48.25 cm, K=0.16/yr, and t0=-1.48, respectively and those for olive flounder were L∞=86.46 cm, K=0.26/yr, and t0=-0.29, respectively. Biomass of Platichthys stellatus was estimated by direct biomass estimation method was 2.6 M/T, that was estimated by indirect method was 13.4 M/Tt. Those of Paralichthys olivaceus were estimated as 10.1 M/T, 19.3 M/T, respectively. An yield per recruit analysis showed that the current yield per recruit on Platichthys stellatus was about 48.2 g with F=0.646/yr and the age at first capture (tc) 1.35yr, that on Paralichthys olivaceus was about 167.6 g with F=1.121/yr and the age at first capture (tc) 1yr.

In this study, we report for the first time a hybridization between Caretta caretta and Chelonia mydas in South Korea. On 7th May 2012, a sea turtle (Jeju sea turtle 01, JST01) was found in the east coast of Jeju Island, South Korea. The morphological characteristics of JST01 were compared with those of C. caretta and C. mydas that were frequently observed in Korean Seas. Interestingly, JST01 showed similar morphological characters such as body color, appearance of carapace, shape of upper beak, serration on marginal scute, and two claws with those of C. caretta. On the other hand, JST01 showed also similar patterns in several characteristics including the numbers of marginal, inframarginal and costal scute, smooth carapace without keel, no contact between costal scute and nuchal scute with those of C. mydas. From these results, we suggest that JST01 is one of hybrid animals bred between C. caretta and C. mydas, because JST01 has speciesspecific characters from both species. We anticipate that our study would be useful and have significant impact onto study inter-specific hybridization in the groups of sea turtle.

In this study, we investigated the macrobenthic community structure and spatiotemporal variations in Uljin Marine Ranching area, East Sea of Korea. Macrobenthos were collected using a modified van Veen grab sampler from April to September 2013. Total number of species sampled was 345 and mean density was 5,797 ind. m-2, both of which were dominated by the polychaetes. The most dominant species were Spiophanes bombyx (53.64%), followed by Magelona sp.1 (6.96%), Cadella semitorta (2.73%), Lumbrineris longifolia (2.16%) and Alvenius ojianus (2.08%). Cluster analysis and nMDS ordination analysis based on the Bray-Curtis similarity identified 2 station groups. The group 1 (station 2, 3, 5, 6, 8 and 9) was characterized by high abundance of the polychaetes Magelona sp.1, Lumbrineris longifolia, Scoloplos armiger, Praxillella affinis, Maldane cristata and the bivalve Alvenius ojianus, with fine sediment above 30m water depth. On the other hand, the group 2 (station 1, 4, 7 and 10) was numerically dominated by the polychaete Lumbrineriopsis sp. and the bivalve Cadella semitorta, with coarse sediment below 5m water depth. Collectively, the macrobenthic community structure showed a distinct spatial trend, which seemed to be related to the water depth and sediment composition.

지역해역에 정통한 주민으로 민간해양구조대를 조직하고 평소에는 지역사회 봉사활동을 전개하며 해양사고 발생 시 민간자원 활용으로 저비용 고효율의 조직운영을 통하여 봉사문화 정착에 기여 할 수 있도록 기회제공 한다. 이 논문에서는 현장 조직의 구조출동체계의 사례를 예로 들어 해양사고 시 골든타임의 중요성을 재인식하는 사례로 삼고자 한다.

The purpose of this study was to make the sea with rending of ocean by using the proper algorithm for an emotional online game. We used statistical model to make the sea in this study. In measuring the wave height, we used Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) to calculate the sum of amplitude and phrase quickly with random numbers of the time. We eliminated the overlap functions of sine and cosines by using the repeatability of trigonometric function. We saved the values of trigonometric function in memory space. Therefore, we could deal with the repetitive calculations by memory access because the same values are repeated in the standard based on π within one cycle of 2π in sine and cosine functions. By changing the sampling size of Windows function, we calculated the mobility on each local area and we applied this mobility to this study according to hierarchical structure. In addition, we used the reflectivity differently by putting the value of k,r into the effect Fresnel reflection. The reason why we used this method was to make the sea look more realistic. In the aspect of the intensity of light of the sea, we did not calculate it and we applied KD- Tree data structure on the density of the values occurred at the time of the sea was created. The advantage of this method was to reduce search time effectively. In this Tree structure, index time  log  , search time and    log  time are spend, which is applied to the photon closed to  . In the case of KD-Tree, this is a very effective way in saving and recovering. One weakness was that we had to limit the effect of indirect illumination to express a wide sea. However, by using photon mapping, we solved this problem

The source parameters of four earthquakes with magnitude larger than 4.0 nearby the offshore Sinan are analyzed. The waveform inversion method is used for analyzing the source parameters of two events (20 August 2012 and 21 April 2013) with C&B and AK135-c crustal velocity structure models. The source parameters of the other two events (26 July 1994 and 23 March 2003) are obtained from references. Focal mechanisms of the events are strike slip faulting or strike slip faulting with a thrust component. The directions of P-axes of the events are ENE-WSW or NE-SW which are similar to previous studies on P-axes in and around the Korean peninsula. With regard to the events nearby the offshore Sinan, the regional stress, rather than being local stress, is seen to be the result of the combination of tectonic forces from the compression of plates colliding to the Eurasian Plate.

본 연구에서는 우리나라의 주변 해역에서 바다모래 채취 시 발생되는 현탁류에 대해 5년간(2008년∼2012년) 해양환경조사서 내 조사 현황을 검토하였다. 이 기간 동안 연·근해역 내 7곳(남해 EEZ, 서해 EEZ, 서해 EEZ 변경 단지, 태안군 관할 해역, 안산시 관할 해역, 옹진군 관할 해역 2곳)의 바다모래 채취구역 중 2곳(EEZs와 연안역 내 채취 구역 각각 1곳)에서 현탁류 내 부유토사의 확산과 이동에 관한 현장 관측이 수행되었다. 그러나 해역별 해양물리적, 지형적 특성과 기상 조건을 반영한 조사 정점 및 범위를 선정한 사례는 확인되지 않았다. 조류, 파랑, 바람장, 수심, 하계 성층화 등의 영향에 의해 부유토사는 바다모래 채취 구역을 넘어 훨씬 더먼 거리까지 이동될 수 있다. 따라서 바다모래 채취 과정에서 해저층 퇴적물의 재부유, 그리고 준설선박의 여수토와 배사관에서 배출되는 월류수 등에서 기인한 부유토사의 확산에 대해 집중 모니터링 방안과 세부 조사 기법의 도입이 필요하다. 또한 현탁류의 확산 경로상에서 부유물질, 영양염, 중금속 등의 오염물질로 인해 주변 해양환경과 유용 수산생물이 포함된 해양생태계 등에 미치는 누적 영향을 추적하고, 환경 피해를 최소화하기 위한 통합 지침안을 마련해야 한다.

Hydro-acoustic survey was carried out to investigate the spatial characteristics of fish distribution near two artificial reefs (AO: large octagonal semi-sphere and AC: combined custom built) having different types in Jeju marine ranching area. The survey system consisted of scientific echo sounder (EK60), DGPS system, and ECDIS (Mecys). Field survey was conducted on August and October 2012 with star survey and line transect survey line method, and species composition was investigated from gill net fishing survey. The acoustic signals from individual fishes and small fish schools were mainly recorded around AO, but large and strong signals from large fish school were mainly detected in the top layer of and the water column near AC. The echogram suggest that the fish aggregation for the two types of AO and AC exist the significant difference in fish species and spatial distribution pattern.

This paper analyzed that the economic effectiveness of the artificial fish reef project in the Tae-an Marine Ranching. Benefit-cost(B/C) model used to indicate the effects of economic valuation. B/C model is based on the sub-models which are Benefit Cost Ratio(BCR), Net Present Value(NPV) and Internal Ration of Return(IRR). First, the Sum of Incremental Benefit and Cost for total vessel by year in Artificial Fish Reef Area(AFRA) estimated 2,381 million won. And then, using 5.5% discounting rates and the survey data, the sub-models showed economically feasible in the all of analysis and analyzed the results as follows. BCR is 2.66, NPV is 28,014million won, and IRR is 22.78%. In conclusion, these results indicated that the artificial fish reef project in Tae-an Marine Ranching would be increase the income of fishermen as well as fish biomass.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the economic validity of artificial reefs facilities and seeds release programs in Jeju Trial Sea Farm Project for raising fishing people’s revenue. The results of this study show the artificial reefs facilities and seeds release programs have net present value of 15,962.63 million won, internal rate of retrurn 13.86%, and benefit-cost of 1.912 under a 5.5% social discount rate. This suggests that in Jeju trial sea farm project, artificial reefs facilities and seeds release programs increase fisherperson’s revenue.

J. M. 싱의 시학 읽어내기: 「아란 섬」과 「바다를 타는 사람들」에 나타난 자연과 시 우리말 요약: J. M. 싱은 아마 지금까지 아일랜드에서 태어난 가장 위대한 극작가들 중의 하나이다. 그러나 그는 자주 많은 이들에 의해 폄하(조이스 포함하여)되고 있지 만 예이츠는 당대에 모든 극작가들 중 최고로 여기는 것 같다. 본 논문은 싱이 아란 을 방문하기 전에 이미 잘 준비된 위대한 극을 쓸 수 있었다고 주장하며, 「아란 섬」을 증거로 제시하는데, 그가 나중에 희곡을 쓸 때 사용하는 관찰, 느낌, 생각으로 가 득 찬 아주 시적인 위대한 저술임을 증명한다

예이츠의 「바일리의 바다 」는 셰익스피어의 주요 비극들을 연상시킨다. 「리어 왕」의 바보와 「맥베스」의 3마녀는 예이츠의 「바일리의 바다」의 바보와 장님과 유사한 기능을 가지고 있다. 파도와 생사가 걸린 결투를 하는 쿠후린은 고통으로 폭풍 속에서 울부짖는 리어왕을 상기시킨다. 이 논문은 첫 눈에는 잘 드러나지 않지만 예이 츠가 셰익스피어를 어떻게 차용하는지를 이해하기 위해 예이츠의 「바일리의 바다」와 셰익스피어의 「리어 왕」과「맥베스 」탐색한다.

In the application of the ecosystem-based fisheries assessment Jeonnam marine ranching ecosystem, two fisheries, funnel fishery and trap fishery, were selected as target fisheries. Black seabream, Acanthopagru schlegelii, rock bream, Sebastes inermis, gray mullet, Mugil cephalus, were selected as target species for the funnel fishery, and conger eel, Conger myriaster, was target species for the trap fishery. For assessing indicators of four management objectives, that is the maintenance of sustainability, biodiversity, habitat quality and socio-economic benefits, indicators were selected considering the availability of data, which were 5 indicators for sustainability, 3 indicators for biodiversity, 4 indicators for habitat, 2 indicators for socio-economic benefit. The Objective risk indices for sustainability and biodiversity of two fisheries were estimated at yellow zone, medium risk level. The objective risk indices for habitat and socio-economic benefit were estimated at green zone, safe level. The species risk indices (SRI) were estimated at yellow zone. The fishery risk indices (FRIs) were estimated at 1.143 and 1.400 for funnel net fishery and trap fishery, respectively. Finally the ecosystem risk index estimated at 1.184.

바다목장해역의 해수 유동모델과 저차생태계 모델을 이용하여 저차생태계의 환경요인의 시공간적으로 변화를 파악하였다. 울진 주변해역에서 POM 모델을 이용하여 4대 분조(M₂, S₂, K₁, O₁)의 조석효과, 바람효과, 수온·염분의 효과, 해류를 고려하여 유동을 계산하였다. 대·소조기의 조류는 평해 남동쪽에서 가장 강한흐름이 나타났다. 잔차류의 크기는 표층, 중층 및, 저층에서 유사한 방향으로 유속 차이는 미약했다. 잔차류의 공간적인 분포를 보면 연안역을 따라 북동향류가 우세하고, 외양에서 흐름보다 연안에서 흐름이 우세하다. 이러한 유동 환경에서의 울진 바다목장 해역에서 저차생태계 모델을 이용하여 NH₄, NO₃, Chl-a, 동물플랑크톤 및 Detitus의 저차생태계의 시공간적인 변화를 파악하였다.

Species composition and seasonal variation of aquatic organism in the marine ranchig ground of Taean, Korea were investigated using shrimp beam trawl from January to December 2010. A total of 99 species, 5,355,816ind./km2 and 84,697kg/km2 of aquatic organism were collected. Among them, fish include 9 orders 33 families 54 species, crustaceans include 2 orders 15 families 30 species, cephalopods consist of 3 orders 4 families 5 species, gastropods include 2 orders 3 families 4 species, echinoidea sp. include 1 order 2 families 2 species, bivalves were composed of 2 orders 2 families 2 species, and holothuroids include 1 family 1 order. According to the dominants by month, Palaemon gravieri was dominant in January, Cynoglossus joyneri was dominant in February, March, and June, and Hexagrammos otakii was dominant, in July. And Oratosquilla oratoria was dominant echinoidea sp. was dominant in April, May, and August and in September, October, November, and December. Cluster analysis based on species composition of the 38 most common species showed that the species were separated into 5 different groups. Group A was composed of species which were abundant in spring and summer, group B was composed of year-round residents, and group C was composed of species which were abundant in autumn.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the meaning of the sea in Heuksan written by Kim Hoon. In Heuksan, Kim Hoon took notice of the existence of Jung Yak-jun which barely remains from hopelessness and loneliness with all things rooted out. In this novel, we can meet the sea while following such a life of Jung Yak-jun. To Kim Hoon, the sea is not a romantic object of admiration or ideal, but something reduced into material. When the protagonist consists in his outer world, not in his inner one, the sea reduced phenomenologically lies as a solemn reality. This reality is impossible to transcend. The phenomenogical world view and aim of the writer go with noticeable narrative flow penetrating the text.In Heuksan, the system of representation of the ‘sea’ accompanies the signifier ‘time.’ With the ‘sea,’ ‘time’ is reduced to the time not stained with its trace. The sea is not only an outside of the inner side in which an individual maintains his identity continually, but also an outside of history in which a social group preserves its collective memory. This sea is fearful as well as boundless. The main motive of Jung Yak-jun’s behavior in Heuksan-do can be explained by such boundlessness and fear. The prospect of this study is that the future of sea story crossing in a moral way, not sinking into the sea of fear and pity, can be a future of Kim Hoon’s literature.