In this study, we used underwater acoustics to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of largehead hairtail (Trichiurus leptueus) based on the luminous thronging of metal halide fishing lamps and induction fishing lamps. As a result, the illuminating power was approximately 1.3 times higher using the metal halide fishing lamp whereas the density of hairtals by distance was approximately 1.9 times higher using the induction fishing lamp. Regarding water depth distribution, hairtails were detected depths of 25-30 m during August and at all water depths in November as assessed using fishing lamps.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of heat-killed lactic acid bacteria (LAB) produced under different temperature conditions. Regarding probiotic properties, Limosilactobacillus fermentum SMF743 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SMF796 isolated from kimchi showed strong acid and bile salt resistance, adhesion activity onto HT-29 cells, and antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria. Based on the results of thermal death time and temperature, heat-killed LAB cells (1 mg/mL) were prepared by heating at 70oC (180 min), 80oC (120 min), 100oC (30 min), and 121oC (15 min). The heat-killed SMF743 and SMF796 showed significantly higher DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities than live cells (p<0.05). The heat-killed SMF743 and SMF796 at 70oC or 121oC revealed stronger DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities and inhibition of nitric oxide production than those at 80oC or 100oC. Furthermore, heat-killed SMF743 and SMF796 at 121oC significantly reduced the gene expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase- 2 up to 53.33%, 58.67%, and 83.67%, respectively, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells (p<0.05). These results suggest that heat-killed L. fermentum SMF743 and L. plantarum SMF796 can be used as natural antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents.

Purpose: This study aimed to understand the core concept of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) psychotherapy through the experience of psychotherapists by presenting an in-depth analysis of the formation and change process of their irrational beliefs. Methods: Data were collected through in-depth interviews with four REBT counselors selected through an intentional sampling process, and then analyzed and interpreted through Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Results: After an in-depth analysis of the meaningful statements of the study participants, six themes and fifteen sub-themes were extracted. The six themes were ‘self-hindering thoughts’, ‘environments that amplify irrational beliefs’, ‘war and struggle for the self’, ‘realization of life strategies’, ‘my big self (I) that consists of countless smaller selves (i)’, and ‘life is a continuous self-therapy’. Conclusion: The results showed that REBT psychotherapists form their irrational beliefs through the overall evaluations of justification, exaggeration, and people that arise from important interactions with others, including their parents, and further reinforce these beliefs through internal and external compensation. These irrational beliefs led to evaluative judgment and self-discrepancy and negatively influenced the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral aspects as well as their presence. These irrational beliefs internalized and transformed the rational beliefs that were confirmed through a debate on the separation between problems and people and, distancing, repeated self-talks, expanded from self-acceptance to others, and persisted through self-treatment methods

Purpose: This qualitative study aimed to understand and describe teachers' experiences of early childhood sex education. Methods: For data collection, in-depth interviews were conducted with 18 early childhood teachers working at daycare centers until the data were saturated. Recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim. The data were analyzed using the qualitative thematic analysis method suggested by Braun and Clarke. Results: Although early childhood teachers recognized the necessity of sex education for children, they experienced difficulties in imparting sex education in daycare centers. Teachers lacked confidence because they themselves had not received proper education related to teaching sex education. It was confirmed that sex education methods and materials were lacking and outdated, and the support of educational institutions was insufficient. Teachers emphasized the importance of communication and cooperation with parents when sexual behavior problems occur in children. Conclusion: Systematic education for teachers and parents is required to raise awareness of sex education and to communicate smoothly among them.

본 소고는 ‘한국선교신학회’ 30주년을 맞이하여 그 역사를 돌아보 며, 지난 10년간의 한국 선교학자들의 주된 관심 영역이 무엇이었는지 를 살피고, 향후 한국 선교학이 나아가야 할 방향을 모색하였다. 한국선 교의 성장과 발맞추어 한국 선교학도 지난 30년간 눈부신 발전을 이루었고, ‘한국선교신학회’는 선교학자들의 학문적 교류의 구심점으 로서의 역할을 감당하였다. 이제 ‘한국선교신학회’의 탄생 30주년을 맞이하는 이때, 한국 선교학은 코로나 팬데믹을 계기로 비대면 사회라 는 새로운 시대 앞에 서 있다. 본 소고에서는 한국 선교학의 미래적 과제로 1) 서구신학적 모델의 무비판적 수용으로부터의 탈피, 2) 한국교 회의 상황에 근거한 선교학적 연구의 모델 개발, 3) 한국 선교학계 안에서의 연합과 협력을 위한 노력, 4) 아시아-아프리카 학자 간의 연대 강화, 5) 신진학자들의 역량 강화를 통한 한국선교의 신학화 및 세계교회와의 소통을 제시하였다.

본 연구에서는 전장이 400m인 24,000TEU급 컨테이너선박을 대상으로 선박 내 빌지펌핑의 성능에 대한 케이스 스터디를 수행하 였다. 본 연구의 대상인 24,000TEU급 컨테이너선박의 빌지시스템의 경우 선급의 규칙에 맞게 설계되었지만, 선박 내 설치되어 있는 빌지펌 프의 정격유량 및 최대유량 조건에서도 SOLAS Reg.II-1/35-1의 2 m/s 요건을 만족시키지 못하였다. 특히 1번 ~ 4번 화물창에 대해, 해수로 가득차 있다고 가정한 상태에서 해수를 모두 배출하는 동안에 빌지 주관에서의 평균유속을 계산할 결과, 2번 화물창, 3번 화물창 및 4번 화물창은 평균유속이 2 m/s 미만으로 기준에 적합하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서는 이를 해결하기 위해 2번, 3번 및 4번 화물창의 150A 빌지 지관을 200A 배관으로 교체하여 계산을 수행하였으며, 그 결과 화물창 내의 해수를 모두 배출하는 동안의 빌지 주관에서의 해 수평균유속이 각각 2.479m/s , 2.476,m/s 및 2.459m/s 로 기준을 만족시키는 것을 알 수 있었다.

In this paper, numerical simulations were conducted to secure both flow distribution and uniform flow discharge through a wall mount type air sterilizer. In order to increase the reliability of the simulation results where there is no well-known validation case for air sterilizer, mesh sensitivity study was performed under the constraint that y+ set to one for k-w SST turbulent modeling for both the air sterilizer and the fan. The installation of various guides and structures was reviewed in the point of flow distribution and pressure drop inside the sterilizer, and the exhaust pressure conditions were predicted to secure uniform flow discharge at outlets. This study has been done based on the computational analysis during the development stage of the air sterilizer, and the results will be verified through physical testing after production of prototype.