Traveling salesman problem is to minimize the total cost for a traveling salesman who wants to make a tour given finite number of cities along with the cost of travel between each pair them, visiting each cities exactly once before returning home. Traveling salesman problem is known to be NP-hard, and it needs a lot of computing time to get the optimal solution, so that heuristics are more frequently developed than optimal algorithms. This study suggests a hybrid parallel genetic algorithm(HPGA) for traveling salesman problem The suggested algorithm combines parallel genetic algorithm, nearest neighbor search, and 2-opt. The suggested algorithm has been tested on 7 problems in TSPLIB and compared the results of existing methods(heuristics, meta-heuristics, hybrid, and parallel). Experimental results shows that HPGA could obtain good solution in total travel distance minimization.

An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is a powered pilotless aircraft, which is controlled remotely or autonomously. UAVs are an attractive alternative for many scientific and military organizations. UAVs can perform operations that are considered to be risky

This research is to select a path planning algorithm to maximize survivability for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV). An UAV is a powered pilotless aircraft, which is controlled remotely or autonomously. UAVs are currently employed in many military missions(surveillance, reconnaissance, communication relay, targeting, strike etc.) and a number of civilian applications(communication service, broadcast service, traffic control support, monitoring, measurement etc.). In this research, a mathematical programming model is suggested by using MRPP(Most Reliable Path Problem) and verified by using ILOG CPLEX. A path planning algorithm for UAV is selected by comparing of SPP(Shortest Path Problem) algorithms which transfer MRPP into SPP.

With the place which concentrates vertical traffic facility and equipment which are a core facility etc. there is in a building and with structure major role. The core is cold under effectiveness of the area and elevator system with security of the business space which is the relationship which is close in high office construction MIDAS GEN and used the identical construction infrastructure where the core location is different in order to influence is direct in dwelling environment animal power, shear force and moment it used structural analysis. It used a load standard and it compared after grasping a safety and a use characteristic, the core reaches in the building problem point the top class bringing up for discussion Drift Value and escape. The result which it analyzes with base there is recently to high office plan and it decides a core location to be, it presented in about plan of optimum. The central core in large scale and rough copy layer is suitable in the office, the case frame peripherally with the historical wall there is an effect which is stabilized with structure, the eccentric core in the small-scale office suitability but is disadvantageous evacuation facility and equipment establishment etc. The core in standard will grasp a stability in about durability and load of absence, it means it will be desirable to reflect to a high office building plan with the base which will reach.

본 연구는 동아시아 영역에 속해있는 5개 SKYNET 관측소(서울, 지바, 엣추 지마, 후쿠에 지마, 헤도 미사키)에서 6년 간 관측한 AOT 자료를 활용하여 MODIS에서 산출된 AOT를 검증하였고, 아울러 에어로솔 기후장 분석도 함께 수행하였다. 검증연구를 위해 관측소 25 km 이내의 MODIS AOT를 평균하였고, MODIS 관측시각 30분 전후 SKYNET AOT를 평균하여 시공간 일치 자료를 생산하였다. 시공간 일치 자료의 비교 결과 MODIS AOT의 정확도는 에어로솔 종류에 크게 영향을 받지 않았으나, MODIS AOT 산출과정 중 거대 입자 모형의 사용비율이 높아질수록 SKYNET AOT에 비해서 비교적 큰 값을 산출하는 경향을 보였다. 또한 AOT가 낮은 대기에서 MODIS AOT는 과대 추정하는 경향을 보였고 그 경향성은 AOT가 높아질수록 줄어들었다. MODIS-SKYNET AOT간의 회귀분석 결과 기울기는 0.86, Y절편은 0.16으로 나타났고 결정계수(R2)는 0.61로 나타났다. 이러한 통계적 결과로 미루어 볼 때 동아시아 영역에서 산출된 MODIS AOT는 지상 관측에 견줄 만큼 정확하다고 볼 수 있다.

The striped fruit fly, Bactrocera scutellata (Diptera: Tephritidae), is one of the most important pests in Cucurbitaceae plants. Among 6 attractants for B. scutellata used, Cue-lure was shown better effect than the others. Newly emerged adult of B. scutellata had been occurred early June of the year tested. There were two peaks of occurrences of B. scutellata, one was from mid-July to early August and the other was early September suggesting that B. scutellata has two generation a year. The larva of B. scutellata damaging the female flower and stem of the pumpkin was found for the frist time on Korea. The blossoms were damaged and fallen by B. scutellata which were 53.8% of male flower and 30.7% of female flower in the 6 pumpkins. The pumpkin flowers were damaged 51.9% by B. scutellata. Especially the pumpkin flowers damaged were shown 72.7% (1015/1397 individuals) from August to September. The larva of B. scutellata was found from the Trichosanthes kirilowii on 24 June 2009 in Jinan-gun Jeollabuk-do.

Analysis of meat quality grade based on the DNA identity test samples were done on 320 Hanwoo (Korean cattle) raised in Gyeonggi region of Korea. 62.29% of cows and 91.35% of steers showed high quality which was above 1st beef grade. However, differences were observed between Gyeonggi Hanwoo and total slaughtered Hanwoo in Gyeonggi in the year 2009, though the sampling was entirely based high quality meat. Meat samples of pedigree registered cattle showed high rate of above 1st meat grade compared to advanced and fundamentally registered cattle. Pedigree registry is associated with quality grade of beef like the sex of cattle. Appearance rate of above 1st beef grade in offsprings of the top 9 Korean Proven Bulls produced through mating to Gyeonggi Hanwoo was 43.27% which was found to be higher than the average grade in cows (47.3%) and was 13.08% higher than the average grade in steers (77.49%). Our results showed superior genetic characters of Korean Proven Bulls which favors and influence the meat quality grade of their offsprings. Furthermore, our results claim that sex of Hanwoo irrespective of pedigreed or Korean Proven Bulls affects and/or influence the meat quality. Conclusively, the results could therefore be used as a basic data for the improvement of beef quality. However, paternity test by DNA typing and huge sample needs to be analysed to authenticate the findings.

우리나라, 일본, 중국, 대만에 발생하는 유해 해충인 호박꽃과실파리 Bactrocera (Zeugodacus) scutellata Hendel은 우리나라의 박과류에 피해를 주고 있다. 호박 꽃과실파리의 실내 사육에 있어 광 조건에 따른 짝짓기 행동을 관찰하였다. 실험 용 성충은 우화 후 약 10일이 지난 호박꽃과실파리 성충 암, 수이며, 광은 최대 2000lux를 주었고 20lux - 0lux 사이에서 관찰을 실시하였다. 호박꽃과실파리의 짝짓기 전 행동은 Wing vibration, Mounting과 Copulation 단 계로 이루어졌다. 인공광 아래 성충 수컷의 wing vibration의 광 조건은 20lux - 8lux였고, 20lux - 14lux가 가장 적합하였다. wing vibration 후 성충 암, 수의 mounting은 20lux - 8lux 사이에서 관찰되었으며, mounting의 경우 18lux - 14lux 가 가장 적합하였다. copulation의 경우 18lux - 10lux에서 관찰되었다. wing vibration을 한 수컷은 암컷과 copulation 성공률이 약 60%로 wing vibration 행동 을 통해 이끌려 날아온 암컷이 수컷의 앞쪽에 있을 때 대부분 copulation이 이루어 졌다. wing vibration을 하지 않은 수컷은 주변에 암컷이 있어도 copulation을 하지 않았다.

지적재산권은 재산권의 일종으로 관념되고 있으며, 이에 대한 침해는 당연히 범죄로 인식되어 왔다. 하지만 지적재산권은 과거의 창작으로부터 나온 것으로 본질적으로 배타적이지 않고, 다른 사람과의 관계 속에서 이용될 때에만 가치를 가질 수 있으며, 필요에 의해 인위적으로 설정된 개념이기 때문에 형법상 법익으로 이해되는 일반적인 재산권과는 침해를 판단함에 있어 다른 점이 있다. 특히 정보사회에서 지적재산권의 개념은 계속 확장하고 변화하고 있으며, 새로운 이용 또는 침해 행위의 방법들이 등장하고 있어 형법정책의 방향을 설정함에 있어 신중해야 한다. 하지만 지금까지의 형사처벌 규정들은 특별한 형법이론적 고려 없이 상당한 형벌을 규정하고 있어 엄청난 집행결손을 초래하고 있으며, 여러 가지 사회적인 부작용을 일으키고 있음은 물론 지적재산권에 대한 보호조차 제대로 제공하고 있지 못한 것이 현실이다. 따라서 지적재산권을 보호하는 형법정책의 도구적 합리성을 유형화하고 분석하여, 기존의 형법상의 법익체계와의 유형비교를 통해 형법적 보호가 필요한 부분을 가리고 확정하는 정형화 작업이 필요함을 알 수 있다. 이 글에서는 우선 원론적인 방향설정으로서 크게 인격적 법익과 재산적 법익의 측면으로 나눠 실제 형법적 보호가 필요한 불법이 드러나는 경우를 한정적으로 검토해 본다. 특히 인격적 법익의 침해는 친고죄가, 재산적 법익의 침해는 민사상의 손해배상을 통한 비범죄화가 형법정책의 차원에서 적극적으로 고려될 수 있을 것이다. 이 외에도 징벌적 손해배상이나 과징금 제도와 같은 형법 외적 제재를 활용하는 것이 형법의 보충성, 최후수단성에 부합한다.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has been a focus of cancer prevention studies due to the fact that it occurs by a multistep process and that a precancerous lesion in the oral mucosa is easily accessible. The present study was aimed at developing an optical detection system using autofluorescence spectrum measurements for the early detection of oral cancer. The optical detection system was designed to use an excitation wavelength of 337 nm emanating from a Xenon lamp. Precancerous and cancerous lesions were created in the hamster buccal pouch by treatment with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA). Four groups of five hamsters each were used in this experiment. The right buccal pouch was treated with 0.5% DMBA to induce carcinogenesis while the left buccal pouch was treated with mineral oil as a control. The autofluorescence of both buccal pouches was measured weekly. A difference in the excitation pattern between the normal and the carcinogen-treated tissue was noticed after three weeks. Specifically, the intensity of the autofluorescence spectrum in the DMBA-treated buccal pouch was increased at wavelengths between 400 and 450 nm. The results of the autofluorescence measurements were compared to histological findings and show that the intensity of the autofluorescence increased along with the stage of epithelial dysplasia. Based on the fact that one of the autofluorophores in this tissue is NADH, we measured the fluorescence at the 450-nm NADH wavelength to conclude that the increased autofluorescence in the dysplastic areas may be caused by NADH. Based on these data, we suggest that autofluorescence optical methods are a useful tool for the early detection of oral cancer.

This study was conducted to show the odor emission characteristics between the well maintained environment fundamental facility and the poorly maintained environmental facility. It also draws major components of odor emission based on facilities, stages, and suggest the proper way to reduce the level of odor for insufficient facilities. Insufficient facilities" air direct sensory and air dilution value levels are following: foodwaste ＞ livestock ＞ wastewater ＞ night-soil ＞ sewage. For the sewage and waste water facilities, the common characteristic of odor emission on each fundamental facility showed higher air dilution value in depositing reservoir and concentrator. And sulfur and aldehyde compounds came out to be the major odor causing components. In the case of night-soil and livestock facilities, the air dilution value was high in flow equalization tank and liquid erosion tank. And sulfur as well as ammonia component was the major malodorous substance. Foodwaste facility showed higher air dilution value than other facility, which sulfur and acetaldehyde compounds were acting as major malodorous substances.

Reliability has been considered as a one of the major design measures in various industrial and military systems. The main objective is to suggest a mathematical programming model and a hybrid parallel genetic algorithm(HPGA) for the problem that determin

The large-scale disasters occur to unexpected accidents such as natural disasters(earthquake, typhoon, tsunami, etc.), and human-caused accidents(fire, collapse, terror etc.). Rescue teams perform rescue activities to save many lives in large-scale disaster area. The main purpose of this study is to compose a optimal routing planning for rescue of multiple victims in disaster area. A realistic routing planning with rescue limit time which considers rehabilitation and reconstruction will be suggested in this study. A mathematical programming model and a hybrid genetic algorithm will be suggested to minimize the total spending time. By comparing the result, the suggested algorithm gives a better solution than existing algorithms.

전해정련공정을 통해 생산된 우라늄 전착물은 약 30%의 용융염을 포함하고 있으므로, 순수한 우라늄을 회 수하여 금속 잉곳으로 용이하게 제조하기 위해서는 용융염을 먼저 제거하는 공정이 필요하다. 우라늄 전착물의 염증류 거동을 고찰하기 위해서는 염증류의 주요 공정변수인 유지온도와 진공압의 염제거율에 대한 영 향를 고찰해야 한다. 이전 연구에서 우라늄전착물에 대한 염증류 거동에 대해 Hertz-Langmuir 관계식을 적 용하여 각 용융염의 휘발 조건에 대해 염휘발계수를 얻을 수 있었으며 이로부터 우라늄 전착물에 대해 99% 이상의 염제거율을 나타내는 염증류공정의 조업조건을 도출하였다[1]. 한편, 염증류 장치에서 사용되는 재질 인 스테인리스강에 대해 우라늄 전착물에서 염휘발된 우라늄 금속이 스테인리스강의 주성분인 철, 니켈, 크 롬 등과 공정(eutectic melt)을 형성하지 않는 온도에서 염증류공정을 수행해야 하는 제한 조건이 따른다. 이 번 연구에서는 우라늄 금속과 스테인리스강과의 반응성을 검토함으로써 우라늄 전착물의 염을 99% 이상 제 거할 수 있는 조건을 확인하였다. 그리고 염증류 속도를 증진시키며 휘발된 염을 더 효율적으로 회수하기 위 해 공급되는 알곤 흐름에 의한 염증류 장치의 열해석을 수행함으로써 알곤 흐름에 의한 우라늄 전착물에 대 한 염증류 거동을 고찰하였다.