This research studied the optimum design factors of garlic harvest, and investigated and analyzed labor, working hours, root chopping rate, and soil shaking degree, etc. to develop garlic harvester attached to cultivating tractor. As the research result, this research made 130cm of ridge and 20cm of furrow for machine work, working hours took 1 hour to cut 10a(990m2) utilizing spinach harvester attached to cultivating tractor, however cutting by labor force took 25 hours. Reduction of labor due to mechanization harvest raised by 25 times, which is expected to greatly contribute to resolving shortage of farm village labor. mechanical work performed 990m2 per hour, however harvest by labor force was 40m2 per hour, which showed 25 times of labor reduction effect compared to labor force harvest. Necessary expense was 2,970won per 990m2 by mechanical harvest, however 124,740won by labor force, which showed 37% of reduction effect compared to the economic analysis result.

In this study, environmental new feeding and management system that are suitable for hot and cool water supply and floor heating system was developed and analyzed the effect for productivity and meat quality with supplying hot water in winter, the results were as follow as. HWSS was not affecting improvement with broiler productivity in initial time. Supplying hot water made the temperature inside broiler barn not go down rapidly as time went by from former term to latter term and continuous supplying hot water made boiler be adapted properly to the temperature and humidity of breeding environment that was requiring at its own growth phases. With unsaturated fatty acid / saturated fatty acids, HWSS was higher in broiler breast but CWSS was higher in the leg. With AST, ALT in blood, HWSS is higher than CWSS but with neutral lipid, protein, glucose, albumin, cholesterol, HWSS is higher than CWSS. Water circulation heating system gave an impact on meat quality and PH showed a higher in CWSS system. Also, redness and yellowness of the meat color was confirmed to be greater in HWSS. It was proved that the temperature difference of drinking water affected farm productivity, the blood and flesh quality, therefore, that could be estimated to be utilized successfully, if that should be used appropriately for productivity improvement according to the week-old of growth phase.

The aim of these studies are to provide a basic data for the development of high-efficiency environmental improvement system that can parallel the cage(henhouse) and hot and cold potable water supply for increased summer heat stress relief and winter feed efficiency by optimal design. The cage area is 273m2. The air-to-water heat pump with 20RT capacity was used for heating and cooling. The control was used as an electric hot water boiler. For calculating heating load determined the cage size, materials, heat pump capacity, heating capacity, heat storage tank, and drinking water tank capacity etc. Therefore the capacity of heat pump was set-up using 20RT. The cage was built as a prefabricated panels henhouse of 13×21×4.5 m (width×depth×height). The heat storage tank and was drinking water tank capacity was constructed 3tons and 10 tons, respectively. In future, it is thought that optimal design considering the cage size and hen breeding scale is required.

This study aimed to develop the movable bed cultivating system for strawberry cultivation that enables to increase crop yield and save labor through high-density cultivation. In comparison with a conventional raised-bed system, the best feature of the system is a culture bed moving freely, left, right, up and down. This system consists of four devices; longitudinally- and laterally-moving device, nutrient solution supply device, and a control device. A comparative study showed that there was no significant difference on strawberry growth between a conventional raised bed and the movable bed cultivation systems. In addition, the change of growing environment to high-density cultivation did not influence strawberry growth, which proved the applicability of the movable bed cultivation system. Additional finding of this study showed that about 1.7 times more plants can be planted in movable beds. High-density cultivating using movable beds enables to plant more strawberry within the same cultivated area, which eventually contribute to reduce energy consumption per strawberry.

In this study, to develop high-efficiency environmental improvement system that can be combined with hot and cold potable water supply to poultry air conditioning for the summer increase heat stress relief and winter feed efficiency through optimal design hwihan The aim of this study was to provide basic data. As a cage the size of the system installed is 100m2 test capacity 20RT district heating and cooling of air-to-water heat pump and the control was composed of electric hot water boilers. First of cage sizes for heating load design, materials, heat pump capacity, air capacity, storage tank, drinking water tank capacity, etc. were determined. The capacity of the heat pump was set to 20RT cage captive birds are erected as vertically and horizontally × height × (13 × 21 × 4.5m). Storage tank 3 tons and capacity of 10 tons potable water tank was designed. In the future, the size of the cage, designed according to the best breeding two numbers are needed.

순환식 수막시스템의 적정 수온을 결정하는데 필요한 기초자료를 제공하기 위하여 딸기를 토경재배하고 있는 실험온실에서 외부온도, 수막용수의 수온 및 야간시간대에 따른 처리방식별 온실 내부 환경변화를 비교 분석하였다. 대조구는 무수막 온실이고, 처리구는 수온이 10oC, 15oC로 각각 설정된 순환식 수막온실로서 모두 무가온 및 추가적인 보온자재의 투입이 없는 상태를 말한다. 수막이 직접 살수되는 2중 비닐하우스는 폭 5.5m, 길이 55m이고, 분당 살수되는 평균 수막유량은 38.5~44.5L로 나타났다. 3가지 처리조건 모두에서 외부온도와 내부온도는 양의 선형관련성이 매우 높게 나타났으며 처리구 (10, 15oC)의 외부온도에 대한 상관성은 유사한 수준으로 분석되었다. 보온효과는 수온 15oC 처리구가 수온 10oC 처리구보다 1.3oC 정도 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 외부온도가 약 -8.1~8.6oC 범위에서 변화할 때, 처리조건 별 최저온도는 무처리구, 수온 10oC 처리구, 수온 15oC 처리구가 외부에 비해 각각 6.4, 11.0, 12.3oC 정도 높게 유지되는 것으로 나타났다. 평균 온도는 무처리구, 수온 10oC 처리구, 수온 15oC 처리구의 순으로 높아지고 온도변화폭은 오히려 작아지는 경향을 보였다. 외부 최저 온도가 -1.3oC, 평균온도가 1.5oC인 날은 수막시스템의 수온을 10oC로, 외부 최저온도가 -4.7oC, 평균온도가 -0.2oC 인 날은 수온을 15oC로 설정해도 온실의 목표온도(5oC) 유지가 가능한 것으로 나타났다. 처리조건별 야간시간대( 일몰 후, 자정, 일출 전, 일출 후)에 따른 온실 내부와 외부의 온도는 전반적으로 일몰직후가 가장 높고, 이후 서서히 감소하여 일출직전이 가장 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 따라서 온실의 목표온도 유지를 위해서는 일출직전 시간대에 특히 집중적인 관리가 필요하며, 순환식 수막 시스템의 수온을 획일적으로 15oC 이상으로 결정하기 보다는 외부온도 변화, 야간시간대, 재배작물에 따라 다르게 결정하는 것이 타당한 것으로 판단된다.

The area of greenhouse heating is 21,202 ha which becomes 42% among the total greenhouse area. As heating fuel, diesel or oil is usually used by 60%, and the heating cost takes 30 to 40% percentage at the greenhouse running. In this study, the pellet fuel heater was developed to replace oil for reducing the burden of greenhouse heating cost. The pellet fuel heater was composed of a conveying grate stoker, which could control temperature precisely like the diesel heater. Diesel and pellet were used for the greenhouse heating, whose calorific values are 9,200 and 3,898 kcal/kg, respectively. As the heating cost due to the saving effect of pellet fuel heater compared with diesel, greenhouse heating cost was reduced by 44% with pellet

Importance of alternative energy has been increasing due to environmental issues and lack of fossil fuels. In addition, heating cost that occupies from 30 to 40 % of the total production cost in Korean protected cultivation needs to be reduced for profitability and global competition. Therefore, this study was conducted to develop energy model and regional resource for recycling of resource in greenhouse. Based on the results of the theoretical and statistical investigations, energy model of regional resource was developed. This results was shown with a new standard 2,000 heads of pigs. Livestock manure was originated 8.6 kg/day/one head, and the average biogas yield was 1.23 Nm3/day occurred. The biogas reactor and engine showed that scale of 300 m3 was 25kW respectively. Agricultural and Forest Residual-products Biomass quantity in heating road of 200,000kcal/h were 1,224 kg, 912 kg respectively.

본 연구는 온실의 관류전열량을 분석하고 예측하는데 필요한 기초자료 제공을 위하여, 공기막 이중 PO필름의 열저항식을 모델링하였고, 전도, 복사, 대류에 의한 열저항 특성을 규명하였다. 또한 열저항식의 타당성 검증을 위해 열저항식에 의한 관류전열량의 계산값과 실험값을 비교·분석하였다. 공기막 이중 PO필름의 열저항식은 PO필름, 공기막, PO필름의 직렬 열저항식으로 구성되며, 공기막은 복사와 대류에 의한 병렬 열저항식으로 구성된다. 고온부 T1의 평균온도는 276.1K, 저온부 T2의 평균온도는 266.8K로 나타났으며, 다른 조건들이 동일할 경우 챔버 내부온도가 높을수록 T1과 T2의 평균온도와 온도차가 증가하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 전도열저항은 0.00091K ·W−1로 전체 열저항의 1% 미만으로 매우 미미한 수준이고, 공기막의 열저항이 0.18K ·W−1로 전체 열저항의 99% 이상을 차지하는 것으로 나타났다. 공기막의 경우 대류열 저항이 복사열저항에 비해 1.33~2.08배 정도 크게 나타났으며, 복사열저항은 평균온도의 3제곱에 반비례하고 대류열저항은 온도차가 4.7, 5.3, 5.5, 5.7, 12.3, 13.2, 13.3, 13.5, 13.8 및 14.0K로 증가할 때 각각 0.78, 0.75, 0.74, 0.73, 0.57, 0.56, 0.56, 0.56, 0.55 및 0.55K ·W−1 로 감소하였다. 관류전열량의 계산값과 실험값의 차이는 실험조건별로 0.6~17.2W의 범위로 평균 6.9W였으며, 실험값은 계산값의 79.8~97.7% 범위로 평균 87.3% 수준으로 나타났다. 전체적인 계산값과 실험값의 관류전열량 경향성은 잘 일치하고 있으며, 공기막 이중필름의 열 저항은 공기막 두께 및 주입공기의 종류와는 직접적인 상관관계를 보이지 않았다.

Experimental hot-water heating system was consisted of power supply equipment, a hot water storage tank, circulating pump, fan coil unit and a plastic flexible hose. This heating system was manufactured by an electric heater of a power capacity 6kw/h and light-oil hot air heater in control the heating capacity was 5,000kcal/h. As the result, temperature difference due to hot-water heating system and hot air heater in greenhouse showed that air temperature at experimental greenhouse, and comparison greenhouse were 14.8℃, 13.4℃ respectively. It was found that root-zone temperature of experimental plot and control were 22℃, 15℃. Root-zone temperature in the experimental plot was 7℃ higher than that in control. The inlet-outlet water temperature difference of 2℃ and 3℃ corresponded to the difference of the heat exchange of about 3,132kcal/h, 4,916kcal/h, the heat exchange effciency ranged from 54~88% generally. Under the experimental condition, equation heat change(Y) and correlation could be represented as follows : Y = -282.92ｘ2 + 2963.9ｘ -1688.6, R2 = 0.9081. it is suggested to applicate energy of root-zone warming system where energy from the groundwater is extracted and transferred to the water

본 연구는 길이 15 m, 폭 5.6 m, 동고 2.9 m인 단동 비닐 온실 2동을 대상으로 실험구와 대조구로 나누어 실시하였다. 시스템은 전기히터를 이용한 온수가온기로서 온수저장조와 순환펌프, 팬코일유닛으로 구성하였다. 폐회로시스템의 온수배관을 통하여 온수가 순환되도록 하였으며 팬코일유닛을 통해 온실내부를 난방 하도록 하였다. 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 실험기간 동안 순환유량은 26L/min 정도의 범위에 있었고, 평균유속은 2.0m/s 정도였다. 유출입수의 평균 온도차는 60±2℃ 이었다. 근권부 온도를 측정한 결과 처리구에는 22℃, 대조구에서는 15℃로 나타나 처리구 근권부 온도가 약 7℃ 높게 유지되었다. 입출구 온도차에 따른 열교환량은 온도차가 2℃일 경우 시간당 열교환량은 3,132kcal이고, 3.4℃일 경우 4,916kcal로서 열교환방정식은 y=-282.92X2+2963.9X-1688.6, R2=0.9081로 상관관계가 매우 높은 것으로 나타났으며 열교환효율은 54~88%로 온도차가 클수록 열교환효율은 높게 나타났다.

Fluid frictional hot-water system consisted of power supply equipment, a motor, fluid heater, fluid tank, circulating pump, fan, flow meter and a heat exchanger. The system had a motor of power capacity 15.2kw/h, light-oil hot air heater in control plot had the heating capacity 20,000kcal/h, by the performance test result, it could supply heat from 24.6 to 28.1 kw depending on the motor, respectively. Thermal efficiency of fluid frictional heater were 88.1% to 91.0% in the same conditions. As the result, a deviation of indoor air temperature between the treatment plot and the control plot was about 2℃. It was heating cost of the each system heater and light-oil hot air heater heating cost were 742,200won, 2,266,000won. therefore heating cost saving was 67%. Yield of tomato cultured in greenhouse with fluid frictional hot-water system was high as 4%. As a result, the fluid frictional hot-water system was 48% higher in economics than the hot air heater.

Earth to air heat exchangers made by iron, aluminium, copper and poly-ethylene pipe for single greenhouse heating were experimented and blowers. Earth to air heat exchanger was installed by pipelines in earth tube at 70cm depths and air blower was the heating capacity 3kW/h, As the result, Temperature difference due to temperature history of the inlet and outlet air on the various type in earth tube in greenhouse showed that air temperature at the various type in earth tube, comparison tube were make no difference respectively. Under the experimental condition, heat fluxes and heating load were showed 6,800Kcal/h, 19,699kcal/h generally yield of Lactuca Sativa cultured during days of sowing 90day in greenhouse using copper pipe was 170% incleased.

This carbon nano heating system was consisted of power supply equipment, a carbon fiber and a stainless flexible hose. carbon nano heating system was manufactured by carbon fiber of a power capacity 30kw/h and light-oil hot air heater in control plot was the heating capacity 30,000kcal/h, As the result, Temperature difference due to carbon nano heating system and hot air heater in greenhouse showed that air temperature at experimental greenhouse, comparison greenhouse were 14.8℃, 13.4℃ respectively. It was found that carbon nano heating system and light-oil hot air heater heating cost were 1,095,740won, 2,683,628won. therefore as heating cost saving 60%. Yield of tomatoes cultured in greenhouse using carbon nano heating pipe was 4% inclease. Economic analysis comparison between the carbon nano heating pipe and the hot air heater in greenhouse were 41% respectively.

This is fundamental study to apply the waste edible-oil utilization technology using cooking oil. Especially, this study was carried out to apply a hot air heater using the waste edible-oil. This waste edible-oil hot air heater was a fuel supply equipment, a combustion and a indirect heat exchanger. waste edible-oil hot air heater was remodeled and manufactured by modification of a heavy oil hot air heater of a heating capacity 40,000kcal/h, changing fuel supplying system fitted with the waste edible-oil. An experimental apparatus supplies waste edible-oil, which is heated with intake oil, into an intake fuel injection nozzle of the combustion equipment. As the result, heavy oil, light oil and waste edible-oil Caloric value were 10,000kcal/kg, 10,890 kcal/kg and 9,370 kcal/kg. The waste edible-oil hot air heater performance showed that air temperature at inlet , outlet and exhaust gas were 23℃, 59∼63℃, 280℃ respectively. heat rating and thermal efficiency showed that in hot air heater was 683,333kJ/h, 78% respectively. It was found that CO, CO2 were 13ppm, 13.1%. waste edible-oil consumption rate was 22.1ℓ/h.

This study is nutrient heating effect to apply the surplus heat recovery in greenhouse using fan coil unit. Especially, this study was carried out to utilize a surplus heat in greenhouse. This fan coil unit system was composed of a water tank, a fan coil unit, a circulating pump and a water-water heat exchanger. As the result, Temperature difference duing to fan coil unit in greenhouse showed that air temperature at experimental greenhouse on fan , comparison greenhouse were 28.3℃, 33.9℃, respectively. heat ratio showed that exchanged energy quantity in fan coil unit was 19,900∼28,880kcal/h, respectively. It was found that difference of nutrient temperature due to surplus heat recovery, water tank temperature were 19.2∼21.5℃ and 16.2∼18.3℃, The temperature variation of nutrient temperature was about 3℃ and higher . Economic analysis of fan coil unit system was increased gross income cost by 804,787 won.

지역별 백리향 지상부 잎의 phenols 성분의 효과적인 추출을 알아보기 위해 추출용매를 달리하여 추출하고, GC-MS로 분석한 결과thymol과 carvacrol을 포함한 phenol함량이 methanol 추출 시 울릉도, 제주 중간산지, 경기도, 제주도 고산지, 강원도 종이 각각 92.21, 84.92, 77.43, 74.16, 73.51%로 추출되었으며, ethanol 추출 시 전체 추출 성분 중 강원도, 제주도 중간산종, 경기도, 울릉도, 제주고산종이 각각 93.64, 93.62, 90.74, 89.52, 72.65% 순으로 나타났다. Hexane을 용매로 추출하였을 때에는 강원도와 울릉도 서식의 백리향은 거의 100, 95.71%의 phenol만 추출되었다.