경제적 가치가 매우 높은 눈꽃동충하초를 누에 품종별로 생리활성에 관한 연구를 수행한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 눈꽃동충하초의 유리당 함량은 백옥잠과 하초잠에서는 Glucose함량이 가장 높았으며, 칠보잠과 양원잠에서는 Mannitol 함량이 많았다. 2. 눈꽃동충하초에 함유된 아미노산의 총 평균 함량은 10.3 μmole/g이며, 백옥잠이 10.7 μmole/g로 가장 높았으며, 하초잠과 칠보잠이 10.5 μmole/g, 양원잠이 0.96μmole/g로 가장 낮은 함량을 나타내었다. 16종의 구성아미노산 분포비율은 Arginine이 12.2%로 가장 높았으며, 다음으로 Glycine(10.5%) ＞ Proline(9.6)＞Tyrosine(8.9%) 순이었으며, Methionine이 2.1%로 가장 낮게 분포하였다. 3. 눈꽃동충하초의 유리 지방산 조성은 누에 품종에 관계없이 Oleic acid 함량이 가장 높았으며, 다음이 Linolenic acid, Palmitic acid, Linoleic acid 순이었다.

William Butler Yeats was born at Georgeville, Sandymount Avenue, Dublin, in 1865, and died in the South of France, in January 28, 1939. Yeats was fifty in 1915-1916. He provides a poetic rendering of his visionary experience at his fiftieth year in the fourth section of "Vacillation" written in November 1931, when he became absorbed in the philosophical thinking while writing A Vision: "My fiftieth year had come and gone,/ I sat, a solitary man,/ In a crowded London shop,/ An open book and empty cup/ On the marble table-top./ While on the shop and street I gazed/ My body of a sudden blazed;/ And twenty minutes more or less/ It seemed, so great my happiness,/ That I was blessed and could bless."(CPN 251). In May 9, 1917, recalling his fiftieth year, Yeats describes this experience in a prose, entitled "Anima Mundi": "Perhaps I am sitting in some crowded restaurant, the open book beside me, or closed, my excitement having overbrimmed the page. I look at the strangers near as if I had known them all my life, and it seems strange that I cannot speak to them: everything fills me with affection, I have no longer any fears of any needs; I do not even remember that this happy mood must come to an end. It seems as if the vehicle had suddenly grown pure and far extended and so luminous that the images from Anima Mundi, embodied there and drunk with that sweetness, would, like a country drunkard who has thrown a wisp into his own thatch, burn up time." (Myth 364-5) Seamus Heaney was born in April 13, 1939 in Count Derry, Northern Ireland, and has been attacking Yeats since 1980s for the latter's aristocratic mysticism and spiritual matters. Heaney gave a lecture at Oxford University in 1990, entitled "Joy or Night: Last Things in the Poetry of W. B. Yeats and Philip Larkin." This lecture was given at the end of his own fiftieth year and simultaneously commemorated the fiftieth anniversary of Yeats's death. In this lecture, Heaney comes to open up "a sudden comprehension" to Yeats's vacillating visionary experience of the spirit in "The Cold Heaven": "The spirit's vulnerability, the mind's awe at the infinite spaces and its bewilderment at the implacable inquisition which they representall of this is simultaneously present" (The Redress of Poetry 148). In "Fostering," a poem from Seeing Things (1991), Heaney professes his poetic admission of Yeatsian visionary position: "Me waiting until I was nearly fifty/ To credit marvels" (50). In short, Heaney reaches what Yeats did for the spiritual world. The main objective of this paper is to demonstrate how Heaney reacts Yeats's poetry of vision. My focus is on the year fifty, when they erupt their creative energy in terms of "vacillation"which nevertheless shows the provocative and violent dynamism of the Yeatsian "interlocking gyres."

Yeats established a contact with the spoken word and learned to use it so that he could express the reality and acquire masculinity under the influence of his participation in Abbey Theatre. And he, dramatizing himself, would express the life of the individual person with long and objective points of view, of which he was to follow simple methods of dialogue and debate. In his some later poems, Yeats adopts these methods and suggests his subjects through some persona of ‘Self,’ ‘Soul,’ ‘Robartes,’ ‘dancer,’ ‘He’ and ‘She.’ His concerns in this form are not to direct confess of his mind or feeling but to give different voices and opinions on his poetic subject. Not as his early poetic voices which represent poet's own subjectivity, these persona have voices of various opinions and show some conflicts each other in the text so that the reader should refer to all their positions and would be led to his or her own conclusion on the debate. The other significance of the debate form in Yeats's poetry is the participation of women persona and her role as a speaker of Yeats's attitudes on his writing. Different from the other male modernists, Yeats adopts the voice of a woman, submits himself to the female perspective and distances himself from the poetic situations and the subjects intended to suggest in his works. In other words, Yeats seeks poetic impersonality by speaking in female persona. Yeats’s use of the dialogue and debate between the persona of different experiences and different gender reinforces his attempt to displace his early romantic faerly landers and respond to his urgent subjects-the real world matters. With this method he portrays himself as a being caught between his social identity and his permanent personality, which grants him an achievement of the deeper wisdom into the human life and personality.

Through his long poetic career from 1885 to 1939 Yeats was preoccupied with the dualistic nature in this world―the ideal against the real, body against soul, and Self against Anti-self. He was aware that these conflicts and contradictions were necessary for the mental growth in man and through the struggles between these opposites he might achieve the state of the whole. In his attitude toward life Yeats embraced with open mind both what he was and what he wanted bo be. The two opposites are co-existent and inseparable so as to be united into the Whole Being. Yeats had applied the symbols of ‘sexual union’ and ‘dance’ to his poetry in order to express ecstatic experience of ‘Unity of Being.’ This paper traces up Yeats’s attitudes toward life, and studies the aspects of conflicts and contradictions, through which he may attain the ‘Unity of Being,’ the ideal that Yeats had searched throughout his poetry and other activities.

기판온도, 박막조성 및 증착후 열처리 등의 조건에 따른 La1-xSrxMnO3-δ(0.19≤x≤0.31) 박막의 결절구조와 전기전도 특성을 조사하였다. 스퍼터법을 이용하여 500˚C에서 증착된 박막은 강한<001> 우선배향성과 유사정방정(pseudo-tetrag-onal, a/c-=0.97) 결정체를 나타냈다. 이러한 박막의 단위포는 산소분위기 내에서 증착후 열처리에 의하여 입장정 결정계로 변하였다. La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 조성의 주타겟과 La0.3Sr0.7MnO3조성의 보조타겟을 동시에 이용하여 박막의 조성을 조절하였다. 보조타겟의 개수에 따라 박막내의 Sr 함량(x)은 0.19-0.31 범위의 값을 나타내었으며, x값이 0.19로부터 0.31로 증가시 금소-반도체의 전이 온도가 상승하였고, 전지비저항이 대체로 감소하였다. 0.18 T의 자기장 하에서, La0.69Sr0.31MnO3조성의 박막의 자기저항변화 MR((%) = (ρo-ρH/ρH)는 약 390% 이었다.

It is generally accepted in Yeats criticism that Crazy Jane series poems in his Words for Music Perhaps are the poet’s Mad Songs originated from his obsession with sexual passion in his old age. And a number of critics have found Crazy Jane poems to be a work of heroic tragedy. But there is no tragedy for Crazy Jane, nor can she be tragic in herself. Even if she is a crazy old witch, cursing a moralizing Bishop, she can be seen as a poetic persona for Yeats to criticize his contemporary Ireland culture. As an ex-Senator of “sixty-year-old smiling public man” Yeats would not be at ease in criticizing on his country’s agonizing preoccupations with its “Irishness.” However, Yeats had a long career of attacking his contemporary Ireland. So for Yeats in Ireland’s 1920s and 30s self definition processes, it would be natural to publish his opposing views on the several censorship laws and general trends towards cultural exclusions in which the Catholic social teachings dominated the major discussions on sexual and gender questions, excluding the other secular arguments. Yeats had always been fascinated by the unity of the opposites. His Crazy Jane represents Yeats’s concept on unity-in metaphysical meaning and in cultural level as well- through her arguments on love and body. Crazy Jane suggests that the energy of bodily desire is essential element in life and it may be originated from the interplay of the dirty and the pure, the sacred and the secular, and then it can urge human being make the greatest effort to affirm the physical fullness of reality. His contemporary Ireland Catholicism, in his view, excludes the body and soul. So in individual and in nation as well, “nothing can be sole or whole that has not been rent” for Yeats.

W. B. Yeats and Thomas Hardy, as poets, were contemporaries. Their long careers spanned the transition from Romanticism to Modernism and their poetry constitute two of the most powerful dealings with that transition and those traditions. Younger poets after Yeats and Hardy have attested to their significant influences on their works respectively. Until 1930s it seems that the poets preferred Hardy as their poetic model, but after the 30s such a stand has become unpersuasive. Considering the course and interdependence of these two poets’ reputations and influences, we are led to acknowledge that Yeats and Hardy defined the options for poets for the whole period of the 20th century and that consequently poets have tended to be divided into two distinguishable streams. This paper aims to distinguish those different streams through the poetic works of Yeats and Hardy. There is some hint of determinism in both Yeats and Hardy, but with very important difference. In Yeats’s early poetry human weakness is implied despite a heavy-handed insistence on nature’s sympathetic; identification with man. But Hardy’s poetry implies a human strength in the face of a nature indifferent to man’s social arrangements and adjustments. Yeats proceeds dramatically to make a system, a private mythology; Hardy shows the structure of a mind capable of coming to a disturbing conclusion. Both Yeats and Hardy find nature for the most part unsympathetic to man, but while Yeats prefers to escape to a dreamy or fairy land or The Great Mind, Hardy illustrates man’s own resistance and adjustment within this world of reality. So, while Yeats offers a vision of a higher reality beyond or behind nature, Hardy, as a result of his acute scrutiny of appearances of the real world, offers us personal and narrative instances of man’s responses to the neutrality of nature. Hardy’s dealings with reality are for the most part moral, while those of Yeats’s incline to amorality, which means that Yeats allows himself to wander far from an acknowledgment of the limits of our individual lives and strengths. These different attitudes to reality lead to their poetic tone: Hardy’s-control of tone, Yeats’s being high and energetic. Considering the comparative characteristics of Yeats and Hardy we are led to conclude that they defined the options for the younger poets following after then: experimental and traditional, modernist and anti-modernist visionary, and discursive and rhetorical and plain.

This paper aims to explore the processes of poetic transformation of Ireland matter in W. B. Yeats and Seamus Heaney and compare the two poets’ characteristics of attitudes to Irish politics. Even though one does not have any idea of their poetic prepositions in their poetry, there can be some understanding of the relationship between each poet’s poetic material and his works of poem. Yeats and Heaney keep distances themselves from Ireland in their poetry as a man does to woman. Some critics’ attacks that the contamination of literary discourse by political statements points to the poetics of Yeats and Heaney, and those attacks are resulted from the notion of the identification of woman with the land, which are the characteristics of these two poets. To the tradition of romantic love poems Yeats admires the Ireland and its people and transforms them into a sort of mythology. That is to speak that love poems and patriotic poems are blended in Yeats. With this point of view one feels in reading Yeats’s poems the period after the Easter Uprising of 1916, like “Nineteen Hundred and Nineteen” or “Easter 1916” and “September 1913,” a terrible new beauty that changes the old political and moral landscape. He struggles to question the situations caused the bloody violences and sacrifices. With this questioning he mystifies the imagined or ideal community. The essential Yeatsian themes and attitudes sound through the earlier works of Heaney. He draws an analogy between the preserved bodies of human sacrifices in the peatbogs of Denmark and corpses on the streets of contemporary Northern Ireland. And He employs gender stereotypes and myths to describe the violent and depressive situations in Ireland in his poems. Sometimes he uses myths, whether of apocalypse or sacrifice. But he always takes a questioning stance toward the power of mythic signification. In “The Tollund Man” the speaker comprehends the transforming and eternalizing power of myth and he also recognizes that power as a ‘blasphemy’ because it averts his, and the reader’s, eyes away from the specific victims and from the horror of the individual violent act.With this focusing on the individual victims, Heaney gives voice to those victims who can no longer speak, not silencing their individual voices on favour of a single voice and eternalizing their mythic power.

In order to appreciate Yeatsian poetics it is important to consider the fact that Yeats poses his own self with masks, which are represented as his poetic persona in his poetry. It is also necessary to consider that the majority of traditional Yeatsian critics have different opinions about the differences between Yeats's early and later poetry. To a larger extent, Yeatsian criticism has argued that Yeats's early poetry diffuses some index of femininity -- ornament, detail, dreaming atmosphere, and so on and lacks reality, intellect, 'masculine,' and 'salt.' And many of the critics frequently condemn it as bad poetry on the basis of the argument that it is full of feminine profusion that obscures the reality. From the traditional viewpoints, however, his poetic persona give some insights into a certain way of appreciating his early poetry. First of all, Yeats's female persona in his early poetry belongs in the literary current at the end of the 19th century. In this perspective the persona and the characters in his works of this period have some common features in pursuit of an imaginary world, such as an uncivilized, primitive or mythic world. The pursuit of the imaginary world of male characters in Yeats's early poetry parallels the real and active female persona. Most of the female persona in Yeats's early poetry have consistent and real perspectives on their reality, and are firmly founded on their world. Nashina in The Island of Statues and Niamh in The Wandering of Oisin are very active and have firm purposes. By contrast, the male characters, such as Colin, Thernot, Almintor, and Oisin, hesitate for their love and are ‘enwound' inactively by their counter-characters. The other point to consider in order to appreciate Yeats's early poetry is his treatment of female beauty. Traditional love poems deal with female beauty as a thing that passes away like any other thing in this world, and in a threatening tone argue that it should be used at its prime times. In Yeats's love poems, however, female beauty is presented as a power to fascinate and urge men to act. The attitude of these female persona and characters in his early poetry develops and makes ‘Crazy Jane' character possible in his later poetry.

경남 진주시에서 도심에 위치한 선학산과 비봉산은 배후녹지로서 가벼운 등산을 겸한 다양한 야외건강 활동을 수용하면서 시민 모두의 휴 양 공간으로 자리매김하고 있으나, 열악한 접근성, 대부분이 사유지로 개발 제한성, 낮은 투자효율성 등을 이유로 상대적으로 공원·녹지 조 성 사업에서 소외되어왔다. 비봉산 및 선학산을 시민들의 건강, 휴식, 유희 등 휴양 활동에 대한 욕구를 충족시켜 주는 도시림으로 개선하는 것이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구는 시민들의 휴양에 대한 욕구를 충족시켜 주는 도시림 개선에 관한 연구의 일환으로서 도시림의 개선에 따 른 이용행태 및 방문자 만족도 변화에 관한 연구를 수행하고자 하였다. 구체적으로 경남 진주시 도심에 위치한 비봉산 및 선학산을 연구대 상지로 선정하여 2004년부터 2017년까지 도시림 개선에 따른 이용 빈도, 방문자 만족도 등의 변화를 분석하였다. 그 결과 이용 빈도는 2004년과 비교하여 2016년에 선학산과 비봉산 모두에서 증가를 나타냈고 종합만족도도 2004년과 비교하여 2017년에 90% 신뢰수준에서 통계적 유의차를 나타내며 증가를 나타냈다.

The purpose of study was to find critical problems which needed urgent solution and give policy priorities on the damaged forest lands close to cities through analysis of public perception. A survey was conducted of forest land users at the entrance of Mt. Bibongsan. And the survey consist of the questions of socioeconomic background on its nominal scale and the questions of cultural value, problem, solutions, maintenance methods and main body to drive related policies for the highly damaged Mt. Bibongsan on 5-point Likert scale.The 86.7 percent of respondents were in the over forties’ age and 65.3 percent visited the forest land more than two times a month. The early five categories’ averaged values were ranging from 3.54 to 3.89. Among the categories, ‘Solutions of the damaged forest land,’ ‘Mt. Bibongsan Restoration method’ and ‘Main body to drive policies’ showed statistical significance in their internal variables from Kruskal-Wallis test. But they did not show exact the ranking between variables and ranking. So thirty variables were reclassified to five categories (F1 ~ F5) by factor analysis. And with using this categories as dependent variables, five regression models were established respectively. The result showed that ‘Problem of Mt. Bibongsan (F1a)’ could be severer by illegal facilities and soil erosion from farming and ‘Solutions of Mt. Bibongsan (F1b)’ took the restoration of forest and destruction of aged houses on hillside as priories. For ‘Historical resources restoration (F2)’, it required to find folk tales and commune with citizen more from restoration of historical resources. To enhance ‘Mt. Bibongsan’s cultural value (F3)’, it was very important to consider citizen’s emotion linked to Mt. Bibongsan. As a ‘Main body to drive policies (F4)’, citizen’s active participation is more effective to policy enforcement. ‘Maintenance policy projects (F5)’ took restoration forest from farmland and forestscape improvement on city-viewed part as urgent projects.

콩이나 적포도주의 식물성 에스트로겐(phytoestrogen)은 건강에 부정적이기보다는 긍정적인 효과를 갖는 것으로 알려져 있는데, 특히 콩류 섭취는 유방암이나 골다공증, 그리고 심혈관계 질환 예방과 높은 상관관계가 있는 것으로 보인다. 그러나 콩류, 특히 그 주성분인 genistein(GS)이 상기한 긍정적인 효과 외에도 여성의 생식계에 잠재적으로 부정적인 영향을 미칠 가능성에 대한 의문이 계속되어왔다. 선행 연구에서 본 연구자들은 사춘기 전에 gen

6-hydroxydopamine(6-OHDA)는 파킨슨 질환 동물 모델의 제조에 널리 사용되는 신경독소로 도파민성 뉴런에 대한 특이적인 독성을 나타낸다. 도파민 신호는 중추신경계의 광범위한 영역에서 생리 기능을 조절하는데, 이에 따라 파킨슨병 환자와 6-OHDA를 처리한 동물들의 신경내분비 활성에 극심한 변화가 있을 것으로 예상할 수 있다. 하지만 6-OHDA 주사 모델에서 시상하부-뇌하수체 신경내분비 회로에 관한 연구들은 전무한 실정이다. 본 연구는