Recently, car pump market is positively growing in emerging countries as well as advanced countries. A increasing attention is recently drawn to electric vehicle but, still commercialization is expected to take a long time. This research is to study on the performance analysis for change in number of teeth of internal gear oil pump with three different numbers of teeth in the inner gear. After measuring real design features, modeling, velocity distribution and pressure distribution are conducted numerically. Pressure changes and volumetric efficiencies are compared with three different cases in order to analyze the performance for inner gears. Finally, optimum volumetric efficiency is determined with the sequence of case 1, case 2, and case 3.

We present a multi-dimensional reduction method of the surveyed cube database obtained using a single- dish radio telescope in Taeduk Radio Astronomy Observatory (TRAO). The multibeam receiver system installed at the 14 m telescope in TRAO was not optimized at the initial stage, though it became more stabilized in the following season. We conducted a Galactic Plane survey using the multibeam receiver system. We show that the noise level of the first part of the survey was higher than expected, and a special reduction process seemed to be definitely required. Along with a brief review of classical methods, a multi-dimensional method of reduction is introduced; It is found that the ‘background’ task within IRAF (Image Reduction and Analysis Facility) can be applied to all three directions of the cube database. Various statistics of reduction results is tested using several IRAF tasks. The rms value of raw survey data is 0.241 K, and after primitive baseline subtraction and elimination of bad channel sections, the rms value turned out to be 0.210 K. After the one-dimensional reduction using ‘background’ task, the rms value is estimated to be 0.176 K. The average rms of the final reduced image is 0.137 K. Thus, the image quality is found to be improved about 43% using the new reduction method.

우리나라에 발생하고 있는 벼멸구 생태형의 형태적 차이를 구명하고자 생태형 1, 2, 3의 단시형 암컷과 숫컷의 다리부분의 형태를 관찰하였다. 앞다리, 가운데 다리 그리고 뒷다리의 제3부절의 형태를 51개 부위에서 조사한 다음 통계학적 분석을 위하여 정준 판별 분석법을 도입하였다. 각 생태형간의 Mahalanobis distance는 숫컷의 경우 생태형 2와 3 사이에서 가장 짧았고, 암컷은 생태형 1과 2 사이에서 가장 길었다. Scatter plot diagram상에서 각 생태 형간 분리현상이 뚜렷하여 중심점이 각각 다르게 나타났고 각 생태형에 속하는 개체는 중심점 부근에 고르게 분포하였다. 각 생태형간의 Group membership 조사에서 암수 모두 각 생태형은 각각 동일한 생텨형을 분류되었다.

An Intergenerational Horticultural Program in a rural community in Korea was tried out to enhance social interaction between elderly citizens and children, to promote the positive self-esteem of the elderly in a rural community, to change the attitude of children towards the elderly, and to create a rural community full of vitality. The clients were 20 elderly (60-80 years old) and 40 preschool children (6-7 years old). The activities in this program included seed of hope, round autumn garden, dish garden, in the vegetable patch, flower decoration for the Chuseok Festival, rainbow flower basket, heart card, fragrance of love, and a kimchi party. The results were a decrease in depression among the elderly from 44.0% to 33.7%. General satisfaction among the elderly was 100%. The desire to rejoin among the elderly was 100%. General satisfaction among the children was 100%. The desire to rejoin among the children was 93.5%.