Several species of the genus Aphidius are used in biological control programs against aphid pests throughout the world and their behavior and physiology are well studied. But despite knowing the importance of sensory organs in their behavior, their antennal structure is largely unknown. In this study, the external morphology and distribution of the antennal sensilla on the antennal of both female and male adults of A. colemani were described using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Generally, the filaform antennae of males (1,515.20±116.48 ㎛) are longer than females (1,275.06±116.42㎛). Antennae of this species is made up of scape, pedicel and flagellomeres. Male and female antennae differed in the total number of flagellomeres as 15 in males and 13 in females. Female and male antennae of A. colemani has samely seven types of sensilla. We classified sensilla placodea, Bohm bristles, 2 types of sensilla coeloconica, , 2 types of sensilla basiconica as with a tip pore and with wall pores, sensilla trichodea. In addition, the possible functions of the above sensilla types are discussed in light of previously published literature; mechanoreception(Bohm bristles, sensilla coeloconicaⅡ and sensilla trichodea) and chemoreception(sensilla coeloconicaⅠ, sensilla basiconicaⅠ,Ⅱ and sensilla placodea). Future studies on the functional morphology of the antennal sensilla of A. colemani using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) coupled with electrophysiological recordings will likely confirm the functions of the different sensilla identified in this study.

당뇨환자용 빵을 개발하기 위하여 콩가루나 보리가루를 첨가한 롤빵을 제조하여 물성과 관능평가를 분석하고 이들 롤빵을 섭취한 정상인의 혈당반응을 Glycemic Index로 산출하여 혈당조절 효과를 비교하였다. 1. 콩가루 10% 첨가 롤빵의 경도와 탄력성은 밀가루 롤빵과 거의 차이가 없었다. 콩가루나 보리가루의 혼합비율이 클수록(30∼50%) 롤빵의 경도가 증가하였다. 2. 콩가루 10%나 30% 첨가 롤빵은 밀가루 롤빵과 비교하여 색, 풍미, 내부조직, 맛, 조직감, 전체적인 선호도에 있어서 유의차가 없었으며 특히 콩가루 10%첨가 롤빵은 밀가루 롤빵보다 모든 항목에서 높게 평가되었다. 보리첨가 롤빵은 낮았으나 밀가루 롤빵과 유의차는 없었다. 3. 콩가루 첨가 롤빵은 보리가루 첨가 롤빵이나 밀가루 롤빵보다 섭취 후 혈당상승이 완만하고 Gl도 낮았다. 보리가루 50%첨가 롤빵은 밀가루 롤빵과 같이 섭취 직후 혈당이 급속히 상승하였으나 G1는 밀가루 롤빵보다 낮았다. 따라서, 콩가루를 10∼30% 첨가한 롤빵은 밀가루 100%나 보리가루를 첨가한 롤빵에 비하여 기호성이 우수할 뿐만 아니라 혈당조절 효과가 큰 것으로 나타났다.

Floral scents and metabolites from cut flowers of 14 peony cultivars (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) were analyzed to discriminate different cultivars and to compare the Korean cultivar with the other cut peonies imported to Korea using electronic nose (E-nose) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis, respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant function analysis (DFA) dendrogram of peony floral scents were not precisely same but there were 3 groups including same cultivars. PCA and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) dendrograms of peony metabolites showed that different cut peony cultivars were clustered into two major groups including same cultivars. Fragrance pattern of Korean ‘Taebaek’ was classified to same group with ‘Jubilee’ on the PCA and DFA results and its metabolite pattern was clearly discriminated by the PCA and PLS-DA compared to the other cultivars. These results show that the 14 peony cut flowers could be discriminated corresponding to their chemical relationship and the metabolic profile of Korean ‘Taebaek’ has distinctive characteristics. Furthermore, we suggest that these results could be used as the preliminary data for breeding new cut peony cultivars and for improving the availability of Korean cut peony in cosmetic industry.

Geneally, rice seeds regardless indica or japonica are showing low germination ratio or completely lost germination ability together with lost of good eating quality under high temperature and humidity conditions. Thus, this study was designed to evaluate a longevity for conservation of good eating quality during long term storage in rice. For the longevity evaluation, germination ability was studied after 5 days of high temperature and humidity stress (50℃/RH 95%). Dharial, originated from Bangladesh and showing weedy type with red pericarp, was selected as a good donor for longevity genes. A mutant was developed from Dharial through EMS mutagenesis and two populations of Dharial/4*Ilmibyeo and Dharial/4*Gopumbyeo were also developed for genetic study. In the 2-DE analysis followed by MALDI-TOF MS with wild and mutant lines, several candidate genes were identified. In the longevity test of two populations, a few lines showing good germination ability after high temperature and humidity stress were selected and subjected to confirm the relationships between longevity and conservation of good eating quality under long term storage.

Unstable seedling stand establishment of wet direct seeding culture of rice is one of the major elements preventing the extension of its culture area. In order to develop methods of seedling stand improvement in direct seeded rice on flooded surfaces, three field experiments were conducted on silty loam soil using a cultivar 'Donjinbyeo' for three years, mainly focusing on water management after seeding and seed soaking with plant growth regulators (PGRs). Under the condition of shallow flooding after seeding, seedling stand rate increased and floating seedling rate decreased in both early and normal season seeding compared to deep flooding. With earlier draining time after seeding, there was a tendency towards preferential growth of the seminal root, increase of seedling stand and decrease of the floating seedling rate. Therefore the highest seedling numbers per unit area and the lowest floating seedling numbers were found upon drainage at 1 day after seeding (DAS), while a contrary tendency was shown upon conventional drainage at 7 DAS. Seed soaking with PGRs such as Metalaxyl or mixing of Metalaxyl with gibberellic acid (GA3 ) significantly increased the seedling stand. In addition the effects of PGR treatment on seedling stand and the early growth of plants were greater under flooded conditions than under drained conditions after seeding, although draining of water after seeding improved the seedling establishment rate more when compared with the PGR treatment. These results suggest that draining management after seeding or maintaining of shallow flooding for a week is the most effective method to improve the seedling stand rate in wet direct seeding.