"Geumanbyeo" is a new japonica rice variety developed by the rice breeding team of National Institute of Crop Science, RDA in 2002, which was derived from a cross between SR11878-14-4-1 of good eating-quality and high yield potential, and Suweon345 of lodging tolerance and resistance to diseases. Geumanbyeo is a medium-maturing variety with heading date of August 12 on ordinary planting in the middle plain area. It has a semi-erect plant type with culm length of 82cm, erect pubescent leaf blade and slightly tough culm with good canopy architecture. Geumanbyeo has a little bit fewer tillers per hill, and more spikelets per panicle than Hwaseongbyeo. It is slightly less tolerant to the cold stress in terms of both heading delay and spikelet fertility than Hwaseongbyeo. This variety shows delayed leaf senescence and considerable tolerance to viviparous germination at ripening stage. It shows moderately resistant to leaf blast and K1 race of bacterial blight, but susceptible to virus diseases and insect pests. The milled rice of Geumanbyeo exhibits translucent, relatively clear non-glutinous endosperm and medium-short grain. It showed lower amylose content of 18.6% and similar gelatinization temperature and better palatability of cooked rice compared to Hwaseongbyeo. The milled rice yield of this variety is about 5.32 MT/ha at ordinary culture in local adaptability test for three years. Geumanbyeo would be highly adaptable to the central lowland and mid-southern mountainous areas in Korea.

"Juan1" is a new japonica rice variety of mid-late maturing, tolerance to lodging and adaptable to direct seeding which was developed by the rice breeding team of National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, in 2005. This variety is derived from a cross between Ilpumbyeo, a variety of good-eating quality and high yield, and SR18392-HB683-104. The Juanl has heading date of August 19 at ordinary planting in the middle plain. It has semi-erect plant type with culm length of about 80cm and tolerance to lodging. This variety shows susceptible to blast, bacterial blight, virus diseases and brown planthopper. The milled rice kernels of Juanl are translucent with non-glutinous endosperm, clear in chalkiness and medium short grain. It has also low amylose content of 18.8%, low gelatinization temperature and good palatability. The average milled rice yield of this variety was 5.68 MT/ha at ordinary planting in local adaptability test for three years from 2003 to 2005. Juan! would be highly adaptable to middle plain and mid-eastern coastal region of Korea.

"Gopumbyeo" is a new japonica rice variety developed and registered by the rice breeding team of National Institute of Crop Science, RDA in 2004, which was derived from a cross between a line SR15225-B-22-1-2 which has good eating-quality and high yield potential and a line SR15140-58-2-2-3 which has lodging and disease resistances. This variety has medium heading date of Aug. 13, medium culm length of 78 cm and tolerance to lodging. It has also relatively semi-erect pubescent leaf blades and slightly tough culm with good canopy architecture. Gopumbyeo has a bit less number of tillers per hill and more spikelets per panicle than Hwaseongbyeo. It shows less sensitivity to premature heading in delayed transplanting of 50-day old seedlings. It showed longer delay of heading date but higher spikelet fertility than Hwaseongbyeo when exposed to cold stress. This variety shows delayed leaf senescence and considerable tolerance to viviparous germination during ripening. It shows moderate resistance to leaf blast, and bacterial blight, but susceptibility to stripe virus and insect pests. The milled rice of Gopumbyeo exhibits translucent, clear non-glutinous endosperm and medium short grains. It shows similar amylose content of 19.6%, and gelatinization temperature, and better palatability of cooked rice compared to Hwaseongbyeo. The milled rice yield of this variety is about 5.48 MT/ha at ordinary culture in local adaptability test for three years. Gopumbyeo would be highly adaptable to the central lowland and mid-southern mountainous areas of Korea.

"Samkwangbyeo" is a new japonica rice variety developed and registered by the rice breeding team of National Institute of Crop Science, RDA in 2003, which was derived from a cross between good quality, high yielding line Suweon361 and a disease resistant line Milyangl01. This variety has about 129 days duration from seeding to heading in central lowland and mid-mountainous areas. It is about 87 cm in culm length and moderately tolerant to lodging. It has also erect pubescent leaf blade and slightly tough culm with good canopy architecture. Samkwangbyeo has the same number of tillers per hill and spikelets per panicle as those of Ilpumbyeo. It shows less sensitivity to premature heading by lately transplanting of 50-day old seedlings. It is slightly less tolerant to cold stress in terms of both heading delay and spikelet fertility than those of Ilpumbyeo. It shows delayed leaf senescence and considerable tolerance to viviparous germination at ripening stage. It shows moderate resistance to leaf blast, bacterial blight, and stripe virus, but susceptibility to insect pests. The milled rice of Samkwangbyeo exhibits translucent, relatively clear non-glutinous endosperm and medium short grain. It has similar amylose content of 18.3% and similar gelatinization temperature, and good palatability of cooked rice compared to Ilpumbyeo. The milled rice yield of Samkwangbyeo is about 5.69 MT/ha at ordinary culture in local adaptability test for three years. Samkwangbyeo would be highly adaptable to central lowland and mid-southern mountainous areas of Korea.

The activated carbon was prepared from waste citrus peels using NaOH. With the increase of NaOH ratio, iodine adsorptivity and specific surface area of the activated carbon prepared were increased, but activation yield was decreased. The optimal condition of activation was at 300% NaOH and 700℃ for 1.5 hr. For the activated carbon produced under optimal condition, iodine adsorptivity was 1,006 mg/g, specific surface area was 1,356 m2/g, and average pore diameter was 20～25Å. From the adsorption experiment for benzene vapor in fixed bed reactor, it was found that the adsorption capacity of activated carbon prepared from waste citrus peel was higher than that of activated carbon purchased from Calgon company. This result implied that the activated carbon prepared from waste citrus peel could be used for gas phase adsorption.

Activated carbon was prepared from waste citrus peels by chemical activation with ZnCl2. The optimal condition of carbonization was at 300℃ for 1.5 hr. Activation experiments with carbonized samples prepared at optimal carboniztion condition were carried out under various conditions such as activation temperature of 400 to 900℃, activation time of 0.5 to 2.0 hr, and ZnCl2 ratio of 100 to 300%. In order to investigate the physical properties of the activated carbons prepared, iodine adsorptivities and specific surface areas were measured and their morphologies were observed from scanning electron microscopy. As ZnCl2 ratio increased, activation yield decreased, while iodine adsorptivity and specific surface area increased. The optimal condition of activation was at 300% ZnCl2 ratio and 300℃ for 1.5 hr, and then iodine adsorptivity and specific surface area was measured as about 862 mg/g and 756 m2/g, respectively. SEM photography showed that the surface morphology was changed and many active pore were produced by chemical activation.