A laser scabbling experiment was performed using a high-power fiber laser to investigate the removal rate of the concrete block and the scabbled depth. Concrete specimens with a 28-day compressive strength of 30 MPa were used in this study. Initially, we conducted the scabbling experiment under a stationary laser beam condition to determine the optimum scan speed. The laser interaction time with the concrete surface varied between 3 s and 40 s. The degree of spalling and vitrification on the surface was primarily dependent on the laser interaction time and beam power. Furthermore, thermal images were captured to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of temperature during the scabbling process. Based on the experimental results, the scan speed at which the optical head moved over the concrete was set to be 300 mm∙min−1 or 600 mm∙min−1 for the 4.8-kW or 6.8-kW laser beam, respectively. The spalling rates and average depth on the concrete blocks were measured to be 87 cm3∙min−1 or 227 cm3∙min−1 and 6.9 mm or 9.8 mm with the 4.8-kW or 6.8-kW laser beams, respectively.

For application in nuclear decommissioning, underwater laser cutting studies were conducted on thick stainless-steel plates for various cutting directions using a 6 kW fiber laser. For cutting along the horizontal direction with horizontal laser irradiation, the maximum cutting speed was 110 mm∙min−1 for a 48 mm thick stainless-steel plate. For cutting along the vertical direction with horizontal laser irradiation, a maximum speed of 120 mm∙min−1 was obtained for the same thickness, which confirmed that the cutting performance was similar but slightly better. Moreover, when cutting with vertically downward laser irradiation, the maximum cutting speed was 120 mm∙min−1 for a plate of the same thickness. Thus, the cutting performance for vertical irradiation was nearly identical to that for horizontal irradiation. In conclusion, it was possible to cut thick stainless-steel plates regardless of the laser irradiation and cutting directions, although the assist gas rose up due to buoyancy. These observations are expected to benefit laser cutting procedures during the actual dismantling of nuclear facilities.

We report the comparative study of electronic and optical properties of (6,1) SWCNT from GGA and DFT-1/2 methods. (6,1) SWCNT is a low-bandgap semiconductor, which falls within ( n1 − n2)/3≠ integer. The calculated bandgaps are 0.371 eV and 0.462 eV from GGA and DFT-1/2, respectively. Thus, DFT-1/2 enhanced the electronic bandgap by 24.52%. From both GGA and DFT-1/2 approaches (6,1) SWCNT exhibits an indirect bandgap along Γ − Δ symmetry. However, the percentage change in direct–indirect bandgap is negligibly small, i.e., 4.1% and 3.7% from GGA and DFT-1/2, respectively. The refractive index measured along x-axis ( n x ) approaches unity, indicating transparent behaviour, while that along z-axis ( n z ) goes as high as ∼3.82 for photon energy 0.0 − 0.15 eV, exhibiting opaque behaviour. Again, the value of n z drops below unity at photon energy ∼0.18 eV and again approaches ∼ 1 for higher energy ranges. The optical absorption is highly anisotropic and active within the infrared region.

Prevalent usage of mobile devices among consumers has been well recognized and this is especially imperative among young adult consumers. The mobile phone became the gateway of their communication, media consumption, retail transaction, education, and (virtual) social life. However, there is little empirical research explaining the dynamics behind the psychological underpinning of young adult consumers, specifically Generation Y, to understand their usages and dependency on mobile phones. This study, therefore, aims to unveil antecedents and consequences of Gen Y consumers’ mobile phone dependency from a media psychological perspective. We developed a conceptual model based on theory of self-monitoring (Snyder 1974, 1987), extended self-concept (Belk, 1988), and media dependency theory (Ball-Rokeach & Defluer, 1976). Four hundred ninety-eight students in the U.S. provided usable responses to our pencil-and-paper survey. Causal modeling analysis results demonstrated that both ability to modify one’s behavior and sensitivity to cues for social appropriate behavior dimensions of the self-monitoring tendency positively predicted one’s level of fashion involvement, which in turn positively predicted his/her mobile phone dependency. Individual’s mobile phone dependency, fashion involvement and self-monitoring’s ability dimension exhibited positive and direct impact on one’s perception of the salience of mobile phone case product attributes. Based on the findings, we provided pragmatic and theoretical implications for the industry and academia.

본 논문은 2011년 대만교육부에서 공표한 『標準字與簡化字對照手冊』 중 4808개의 상용 표제자를 기준으로 하여, 각각의 한자에 대응되는 간체자와 2010년 일본 정부가 공표한 『常用 漢字表』 2136개의 자형들을 서로 비교 대조하였다. 이 연구를 통해 ｢한자문화권｣에 속하는 국가들에서 현행 사용하고 있는 ｢한자｣를 대조하는 데 있어 보다 깊은 이해가 있기를 기대한다. 분석 방법은 이 세 종류의 한자(표제자, 간체자, 일본신자체를 순서로 한다.) 자형의 공통점과 차이점에 따라 8가지로 분류하였다. 첫째, 모두 동일한 자형이다. 예를 들어 ｢地/地/地｣가 있다. 둘째로, 대만 자형과 중국 자형이 같은 것이다. 예를 들면 ｢收/收/収｣가 있다. 셋째로, 대만 자형과 일본 자형이 같으면서 중국 자형과 다른 것이다. 예를 들면, ｢赏/赏/赏｣이다. 넷째로, 중국과 일본의 자형은 같으나 대만 자형과는 다른 것들이다. 예를 들어, ｢医/医/医｣이다. 다섯째로, 대만과 중국, 일본이 모두 다른 것이다. ｢图/图/図｣가 있다. 여섯 번째는 대만자형과 중국자형은 같으나 상응하는 일본 자형이 없는 경우이다. 예를 들어, ｢泛/泛/X｣이다. 일곱 번째는, 대만자형과 중국자형이 다르고 대응하 는 일본 자형이 없는 경우이다. 예를 들어, ｢働｣이다. 상술한 분류 방법에 따라 현행 삼국의 상용한자를 표로 정리하였다. 본 연구는 또한 많은 대만의 자형들이 중국의 자형과 대응한다는 점에 초점을 맞추어 진행하 였다. 예를 들면, ｢髮｣글자와 ｢发｣글자는 모두 간화자로 ｢发｣를 사용하고 있다. 동시에 대만 자형과 중국 간화자 사이에 존재하는 ｢微别字形｣를 검토하였다.