Arrùno acid transpoπers play an important role in supplying nutrition to cells and for cell proliferation. System L is a major nutrient transport system responsible for the Na+-independent transport of large neutral amino acids including several essential amino acids. In malignant tumors, a system L transporter L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LATl) is upregulated to support tumor cell growth. In the present study, we have examined the expression and function of system L amino acid transporter in FaDu human pharyngeal squamous carcinoma cells. RT-PCR, real-time quantitative RT-PCR and westem blot analysis have revealed that the FaDu cells express LATl together with its associaω19 protem 4F2hc, whereas the FaDu cells do not express the other system L isoform L-type amino acid transporter 2 (LAT2). 까le uptake of L-(14Clleucine by FaDu cells is Na+-independent and almost completely inhibited by system L selective inhibitor 2-aminobicyclo-(2,2,1)-heptane-2- carboxylic acid (BCH). The profiles of the inhibition of L-[I4Cllellcine uptake by variolls amino acids in the FaDu cells are comparable with those for the LA T1 expressed in Xenopus 。()(찌es. π1e majority of L-[I4Clleucine uptake is, therefore, mediated by LAT1 in the FaDu cells. These results suggest that the transport of neutral amino acids including several essential amino acids in the FaDu human pharyngeal squamous carcinoma cells mediated by LAT1. In addition, specific inhibition of LAT1 by such agents as BCH in pharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas will be a new rationale for anti-cancer therapy.

Subsea pipelines are exposed to several potential risks of damage due to wave, soil instability and other hazards. Structural failure of the steel pipelines will result in serious consequences such as release of transported hydrocarbons, pollution to the ocean environment and heavy costs due to repair. This paper examines the safety of subsea pipelines with free span which is one of high potential damages. The variation of an allowable length of static free span is examined for different boundary conditions and is given in a curve which is useful for the dsign of the subsea pipeline with a free span.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the soil environment of urban neighborhood parks and to use them as basic data for evaluating the ecological functions of urban parks such as groundwater regeneration, flood control, microclimate regulation, adsorption and purification. The landscape design criteria were generally evaluated as advanced, and further monitoring and studies are needed to evaluate the various ecological functions. It is also necessary to improve the phosphoric acid and nitrogen contents, which tended to be low. In addition, continuous monitoring is needed to assess the proper soil environment according to the biological species, and to evaluate the ecological functions. The results of this study can be used to evaluate the groundwater recharge of urban parks. In particular, when the land of the neighboring park is used for various purposes, the level of access of the user may be increased. Therefore, factors that may adversely affect the user's health, such as heavy metals and organic matters, should be selected and selected as management criteria. In addition, follow-up studies considering fertilization standards suitable for trees and growth of introduced vegetation, etc. are needed urgently to improve the soil environment.

The nonpoint pollution source (NPS) is irregular in the amount of generated and runoff. About 70% of the water pollution sources in Korea are NPS. Most of the rural areas are small towns with less than 50 families. This is where sewerage supply is poor. This is where the domestic swage of the house flows directly into the small stream. This study investigated the amount and concentration of domestic swage. And investigated NPS for public officials. We have suggested an improvement plan here. Local government officials lack the concept of NPS. Rural residents also do not know about NPS. Therefore, we proposed NPS public relations and education linked to public administration. This is an extension of the national budget and interest. The domestic swage is discharged at about 272 liters per day in a house. We proposed the introduction of small facilities. If the capacity remains, it is suggested to link to cattle shed, pigsty and so on. The BOD, COD, TN, TP, and SS concentrations were all high. This suggested a reduction in concentration in combination with natural water. Finally, NPS facilities were proposed to be put into rural areas. And it was determined that continuous monitoring was necessary. The results of this study were expected to be applied to NPS management.

최근 건강을 생각하는 먹거리의 추세 변화가 양보다 질 위주의 유기농 및 친환경 등을 이용하여 재배하는 작물에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 이는 출처를 알 수 없는 불량식품 뿐만 아니라 국내 대기업 식품사들까 지 먹거리에 대한 불신을 야기 시킨 사례들로 인해 전체적인 불신으로 확대되어 사회적 관심사로 부각되고 있는 상황이다. 이러한 시점에서 먹거리에 대한 불신을 조금이나마 해소하려는 일환으로, 재배조건이 까다 롭지 않으며, 성장기간이 짧은 상추재배를 중심으로 가정용 수경식물 재배기기를 연구하였다. 식물과 식물 재배 그리고 수경식물 등을 고찰하여 이론적 배경으로 삼았으며, 식물재배에 관련된 현황과 기기에 대하여 정리 하였고, 실물 제작에 필요한 부품과 스팩에 관하여 시장조사 후 배치도 도면 및 모형을 진행 하였다. 정형화된 기기를 소비자가 직접 원하는 공간에 배치할 수 있는 심플하고 가벼운 외형과 직관적으로 사용할 수 있도록 한, 원 버튼 시스템화를 통하여 간편성을 부여하여 디자인하였다. 본 연구는 식물재배공장 형태 및 대형화의 모습을 띄고 있는 식물재배 산업을 통하여, 가정용 수경식물 재배기기의 조건을 찾아 프로토타 입 모델을 제시하였다. 이는 향 후 그 다양해 질 수 있는 연구 개발에 디자인 가이드라인으로 활용될 수 있 으며, 나아가 가정용 타 식물재배기기 디자인 개발 시 구조와 배치, 사양 등이 참고로 활용되길 기대한다.

자연공원은 국민 누구나 차별없이 보호해야 할 의무가 있는 반면 향유하고 누릴 권리 역시 동등하게 갖고 있다. 그러나 현재 우리나라의 자연공원 보호론자들은 식민통치와 전쟁으로 황폐했던 녹지를 복원하고, 오염됐던 자연생태계를 정화했던 과거의 사고에서 극복하지 못하고 있다. 그러나, 경제성장과 아울러 국민들의 여가선용과 레저에 관한 욕구가 분출되면서 이러한 과거의 사고와 정책들은 오히려 자연공원을 훼손시키는 또 다른 원인이 되고 있다. 더욱이 외국의 국립공원처럼 주거지에서 멀리 격리된 것도 아닌 세계 십위권 안에 속하는 거대도시 주변에 있는 북한산, 도봉산 등은 더 할 나위도 없고 그 외에도 설악산, 지리산, 계룡산 등의 대도시 주변 산악 공원은 실로 통제가 불가능할 정도의 탐방객이 몰려들고 있는 실정이다. 그럼에도 보호론자들은 완고한 보전위주의 논리를 견지하며 편의시설 설치를 극력반대하고 있다. 다른 한편으로는 노약자, 장애인 등 사회소외계층의 자연공원을 탐방코자 하는 욕구도 분출되고 있으며, 관광업계의 외국관광객 탐방편의에 대한 민원, 그리고 해당 지방자치단체, 지역주민들의 이해관계도 첨예하게 얽혀 있는 실정이다. 이에 오랜 세월 힘들게 복원시켜놓은 자연공원을 유원지화 하는 훼손의 수단이 아닌, 보다 효율적으로 관리하고 보전할 수 있는 대안으로서의 편의시설 설치에 관하여 연구하였다.

Based on the general policy called “Green Growth”, the Korean government planed to establish a biomass town in South Korea in order to recover energy from organic waste and to substitute for fossil fuel at rural region. Technical and financial support for the establishment of biomass town was insufficient so far. There are some policies to support biomass town establishment, however financial support from several Korean ministries seemed not to have been used efficiently. Some policies are planned excessively so that they cannot be realized on time. Therefore, there is a need to analyze the status of biomass utilization technology and policy in Japan from the point of view of an external biomass expert, since biomass utilization technology and policy of Japan take good achievement during the many developed countries. For the analyzing of technology and policy in Japan, literatures concerned biomass management policy and biomass town design were collected by visiting Japan Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries and interview of public officials in charge was carried out. There are several implications for the promotion of Korean policy concerned with biomass utilization and biomass town establishment.

This study was carried out to evaluation of biomass generation mechanisms and to propose the estimation method of biomass generation. Agricultural by-product biomass is generated during crops cultivation and after harvest. However these are not uniformly generated yearly and these depending on the seasons. For planning of biomass utilization, accurate information of the biomass resources is needed, especially characteristic and productivity of biomass are necessary. Agricultural by-product biomass are generated in a wide area being scattered and it is one of the major reason why agricultural biomass utilization is not activated compared with other waste biomass. In this study, estimation and evaluation biomass generation is achieved in specific spatial and temporal boundary, A-city in Gyeongi–do and september to November respectively. Quantity and quality of by-product biomass show big difference depending on the crop species and cultivation periods and these difference bring up that accurate biomass estimation should be considered during planning of biomass utilization and technology selecting for biomass converting to energy and other forms.

본 연구에서는 (주)한국서부발전의 태안화력발전소에서 생산된 비산재로부터 Li의 용출을 고찰하였다. 본 연구에서는, 반응용액:석탄회 비율, 반응용액의 종류(해수, 증류수), CO2가스의 조건에 따른 Li 용출량을 관찰하였다. 실험 결과, 반응용액의 Li 농도는 고체:용액 비율이 증가함에 따라 계속하여 증가하는 양상을 보였다. 비산재 단위 질량당 Li 용출은 증류수를 사용하였을 때, 그리고 CO2가스의 용해가 제한되었을 때 증가되었으며, 이는 그러한 조건에서 CaCO3의 침전이 억제되었기 때문이다. 해수내 Li의 흡착추출에 방해되는 Mg2+도 고체:용액 비를 증가시킴으로써 효과적으로 제거할 수 있었다.

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of nattokinase (NK) additives on milk production and composition, and blood metabolites in dairy cows. The two kinds of nattokinase with high fibrinolytic activity were produced by two strains of bacteria, Bacillus amyloliquefacines (NK1) and Bacillus subtilis (NK2). Total fifteen Holstein cows (average 1.83±0.37 parity; average milk yield 23.2±3.2 ㎏/d) were randomly assigned to three treatments (5 animals per treatment). Cows were fed TMR supplemented with 0g, 100g and 100g for control, NK1 and NK2 treatment, respectively for 4 weeks. Milk yield was significantly higher (p＜0.05) for NK1 (22.89 ㎏/d) than for control (21.07 ㎏/d) and NK2 (21.36 ㎏/d). Somatic cell counts in NK treatments were significantly lower than that in control group (58,000 vs. 21,000 and 35,000 cells/㎖, control vs. NK1 and NK2). Serum ALT levels in all treatment were similar to the range of 32.00~35.83 IU/L, but AST levels in NK1 (85.67 IU/L) was significantly decreased compared with those in control and NK2 (121.67 and 117.67 IU/L respectively). Serum T-CHO levels in NK1 (145.33 ㎎/㎗) was significantly decreased (p＜0.05) compared with that in control (179.00 ㎎/㎗) and NK2 (176.17 ㎎/㎗). This finding showed that NK1 additives could possibly have a positive effect in lactation performance of mid-lactation dairy cows by increasing milk yield, reducing somatic cell count, improving liver function and decreasing cholesterol in blood.

This study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of locally produced organic agricultural by-products to substitute imported organic feeds for organic ruminant farming. Imported organic feeds (corn grain, soybean meal, soybean seed, oat grain, barley grain, wheat grain, buckwheat, sunflower seed meal) and byproducts (rice bran, grape seed meal, rice straw, soybean hull, soybean curd, rice hull, green kernel rice, and crushed rice grain) were analyzed for chemical composition and NDF, ADF, mineral, and amino acid contents and anti-nutritional factors. Dry matter, NDF and ADF contents in organic feeds were higher than those in conventional feeds. Especially, the 9.65% fat content of organic soybean meal was 6 times higher than the 1.95% fat content of conventional soybean meal. Fat contents of rice bran, grape seed meal, green kernel rice, and crushed rice grain were 25.66, 6.09, 3.57 and 1.59%, respectively. Protein contents of soybean hull and soybean curd were 14.68 and 19.87%, respectively, which are highest among organic by-products. Levels of aflatoxin in all feeds were below the safety level. Therefore, organic rice bran, green kernel rice and crushed rice as energy source, and soybean hull and soybean curd as protein source could partial replace imported feeds for organic ruminant farming.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of organic feed containing rice bran and soybean hull as organic by-products on milk production of mid-lactation dairy goats. Four Saanen dairy goats (initial BW 59.4±7.4 kg, average 6 lactation months, fourth kidding) were allocated into conventional feed group (T1) and organic feed group (T2) with 2×3 crossover design for 9 weeks. Experimental diets were formulated to contain 23 MJ ME/d, 382 g CP/d DM based on NRC (1981) and AFRC (1998). Dry matter (DM) intakes of concentrate and silage were higher in T2 (1,232 and 96 g/d) than T1 (1,105 and 91 g/d) (p

This study was conducted to determine the effect of probiotics as an alternative for antibiotics on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, noxious gas emission and fecal microbial population in growing piglets. A total of 96 piglets (22.5±1.3㎏ average body weight) were allotted to 3 different treatment groups and replicated 4 times with 8 piglets per replicate in randomized complete block design. Treatments were T1) (Control, basal diet+0.2% antibiotics), T2) 0.2% probiotics complex and T3) 0.3% Bacillus probiotics. During the whole experiment period, there were no differences (p>0.05) in average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed efficiency. However, digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, nitrogen free extract and crude ash were showed higher in probiotics groups (T2 and T3) than those of control. In noxious gas emission, ammonia, amine, hydrogen sulfide and mercaptan were significantly (p