This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of compost leachate and concentrated slurry on growth of tomato in hydroponic culture. In process of composting, compost leachate was produced water was through a saturated compost heap. The concentrated slurry was produced by filtration and concentration by membrane process. Filtration of pig slurry was necessary to prevent the hose clogging in hydroponics culture. The treatments of this experiment were consisted of seven different liquid fertilizers; compost leachate(CL), concentrated pig slurry (CS), compost leachate+byproduct(CL+BP), concentrated pig slurry+byproduct(CS+BP), compost leachate 50%+nutrient solution50%(CL+NS), concentrated pig slurry 50%+nutrient solution50%(CS+NS) and nutrient solution(NS) for tomato based on nitrogen content. The chemical nutrient solution was the solution of National Horticulture Research Station for the growth of tomato. The concentration of nutrient solution was adjusted a range of 1.6~2.0 mS/cm in EC. 1. The compost leachate and concentrated pig slurry were low in phosphorus(P), calcium(Ca), magnesium(Mg), but rich in potassium(K). 2. Plant height, SPAD value of tomato was highest in the plot of CS+NS, intermediate in CL, CS+BP, and lowest in 100% concentrated pig slurry. 3. The tomato yield of compost leachate plot was 91% compared with inorganic nutrient solution. The compost leachate solution could be used as a nutrition solution of tomato in organic hydroponics. 4. The growth including plant height, SPAD value, fruit number, fruit weight and yield of tomato in the CL 50%+NS 50% was similar in the control. In conclusion, the mixture solution of 50% pig slurry and 50% nutrient solution could be used as a nutrition solution of tomato hydroponic culture.

This study was carried out to determine the effect of application seasons and rates with animal liquid slurry on the rice yield and quality. The treatments were application seasons (autumn, spring) and application rates of animal liquid slurry 80, 100, 120, 140% N levels of based on 11㎏ N/10a, chemical fertilizer as control plot. Field experiment was conducted at Cheorwon, Gangwon-Do in 2007. The results was as follows; The plant height and tiller’s number at the application of spring season were higher than that at the autumn application. In the plot of 140% level at the spring application, the plant height and tillers were higher, and the color of leaf was darker than that of the chemical fertilizer. The plot of 140% level in spring application was increased the lodging damage of rice. Rice yield was reduced at 7%, 13% in the plot of 120%, 140 N/10a slurry level in the spring application compared to the chemical fertilizer, respectively. But rice yield at the autumn application was not significantly difference between chemical fertilizer and plots of liquid manure. The rice quality of the 120 and 140% slurry in spring application was significantly lower than that of chemical fertilizer. Total nitrogen contents and nitrogen uptake in rice plant were higher at the plot of 120, 140%N in the spring than that of chemical fertilizer. To reduce the lodging damage and increase the yield and quality of rice was needed suitable application of liquid manure in spring season.

The highland area remained bare for the winter and spring seasons and this condition has resulted in soil erosion. In this areas, crop rotation by legume has not been commonly practiced. Thus, this study was carried out to evaluate the effects of the growth characteristics and nitrogen yield as a green manure crop according to sowing seasons of hairy vetch and woolly pod vetch. In this experiment, we was investigated the growth characteristics, winter tolerance, soil coverage and productivities of hairy vetch and woolly pod vetch. We cultivated two hairy vetch(Madison, H1) and two woolly pod vetch(Naomi, Haymaker) varieties in the highland are a from 2006 to 2007. The result are summarized as follows; The plant heigpt of hairy vetch increased with the progress of growth stage until flowering stage. The wintering rate of hairy vetch was 79~83% in highland area. But, the wintering rate of woolly pod vetch was 29.5~39.2%. The 100% soil coverage of hairy vetch was reached between end of May and beginning of June under autumn sowing and between end of June and beginning of July under spring sowing The weeds density of hairy vetch field under autumn sowing was lower than that under spring sowing Dry matter yield of hairy vetch was significantly higher than that of woolly pod vetch under autumn sowing. The dry matter yield of hairy vetch and woolly pod vetch were 5,255~5,405㎏/㏊ and 3,520~3,640㎏/㏊, respectively. But, hairy vetch in spring sowing was not significantly higher fresh matter yield than that of woolly pod vetch. The nitrogen content in hairy vetch and woolly pod vetch was 2.98~3.08 and 2.74~3.21%, respectively. There were no significant difference in nitrogen content of the hairy vetch and woolly pod vetch under the spring sowing. N-uptake of hairy vetch was significantly higher than that of woolly pod vetch in autumn sowing. The N uptake was 156~164 ㎏/㏊ in hairy vetch and 96~101 ㎏/㏊ in woolly pod vetch under autumn sowing. It was thought that hairy vetch was better than woolly pod vetch as a green manure crop in autumn sowing considering wintering rate and yield of dry matter in highland area. And woolly pod vetch could use as a green manure crop under spring sowing in highland area.

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of animal slurry on nitrogen uptake of hairy vetch and growth of chinese cabbage in cropping system. Hairy vetch was seeded on September 20 in 2003. We examined the effect of cover crop(hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) and slurry application(0, 100, 200kg N/ha) on yield and N uptake. Dry matter yield and nitrogen uptake of hairy vetch were measured. The chinese cabbage succeeding cover crop was harvested in 2004. The nitrogen uptake of hairy vetch was 84, 121, 148kg N/ha respectively, when the slurry application was 0, 100 and 200kg N/ha. In addition. N uptake of hairy vetch at the plot of 100kg and 200 kg N/ha slurry were 44% and 76% higher than that of the plot without slurry application respectively. Slurry application of hairy vetch could increase nitrogen uptake by application of green manure at the harvesting time. The content of organic matter and P-content of soil with hairy vetch plot was higher than that of fallow plot due to inhibition of soil erosion. The organic matter levels tend to improve with the addition of hairy vetch. Hairy vetch could improve soil quality by reducing erosion compared with bare fallow. The green manure of hairy vetch with animal slurry maintained soil nutrient and reduced nitrogen fertilizer of chinese cabbage. The hairy vetch residues decomposed rapidly releasing half of their residues within 40 days after burial. The yield of chinese cabbage was 90% in the plot of manure of hairy vetch compared with chemical fertilizer. The yield in the plot treated with green manure of hairy vetch and 50% of chemical fertilizer was reduced 5% less than that of chemical fertilizer. Therefore, it was estimated that the green manure of hairy vetch-chinese cabbage cropping system could reduce nitrogen chemical fertilizer as much as 84~148kg N/ha. The green manure of hairy vetch with animal slurry maintained soil nutrient and reduced nitrogen fertilizer of chinese cabbage.

약용작물(藥用作物)중 재배 면적이 많고 소득성(所得性)이 높은 다년생(多年生)의 초본성 작물인 황기의 1~2년생근(年生根) 재배시 헤어리베치 녹비와 액상분뇨 시용이 황기의 생육특주(生育特注) 및 생산성(生産性)과 토양(土壤) 특성에 미치는 영향을 검토한 시험결과를 요약하면 아래와 같다. 1. 지상부 생육 중 경장(莖長)과 분지수(分枝數)는 헤어리베치 녹비, 액상분뇨 시용구에서 생장량이 컸으며, 생육이 늦게까지 지속되었다. 근장(根長), 근경(根徑), 지근수(支根數) 모두 헤어리베치 녹비와 액상분뇨 시용구에서 증가하는 경향이었으며 건물비율(乾物比率) 재배 1년차 보다 재배 2년차에 증가하였다. 2. 재배 2년차의 건근수양(乾根收量)은 녹비를 피복한 무비구, 화학비료, 액상분뇨 시용구에서 각각 196, 240, 255kg/10a으로서 녹비를 피복하지 않는 무비구, 화학비료, 액상분뇨 시용구에서는 각각 115, 225, 232 kg/10a 보다 증수되었다. 황기 재배시 헤어리베치 녹비 피복은 질소공급에 의한 수량증가와 잡초억제 효과를 나타내었다. 3.뿌리의 질소함양(窒素含量)은 재배 1년차에 1.33~2.56%, 재배 2년차에 1.9~2.95%으로 재배 년차가 높을수록 증가(增加)되었다. 질소함량을 조단백질 함량으로 환산하면 재배 2년차에 20~23%로서 콩 단백질 함량의 45~65% 수준이었다. 4. 시험 후 토양의 총 질소함량은 녹비 액상분뇨 시용구에서 유의성 있게 증가하였으나 토양 내 염류집적(鹽類集積)은 되지 않았다.

본 연구는 국내에서 재배한 서양 향신 허브식물의 무기물 함량과 항산화 활성 효과를 비교검토하기 위하여 시험한 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다 1. 서양 허브식물은 여러 가지 종류의 무기물을 함유하고 있었으며 허브 종류별 무기물 함량은 매우 상이하였다. 캄슘함량은 borage, chicory에서 높았고 칼륨은 comfrey, borage, Parsley에서 철분은 coriander, comfrey에서 높았다. 2. 19종의 서양 허브식물에 대한 DPPH Radical 소거작용 검색에 의한 항산화 활성을 검색한 결과 spearmint, marjoram, sweet basil 및 rosemary 식물의 추출물에서 tocopherol, BHA와 유사한 활성을 나타내었다. 용매별 분획에 의한 항산화효과를 검토한 결과 MeOH ext.에서 효과를 타나내지 못한 herb종류도 용매분획에 의해 항산화 활성을 나타낼수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

알팔파 근류의 질소고정활성의 연중변화를 규명하고 건물중과 탄수화물 및 질소함량의 연중변화를 추적하여 이들의 관계를 고찰하기 위하여 조성후 3년째인 알팔파 포장에서 비예취구와 예취구로 구분하고 시기별로 근류의 무게와 Acetylene환원법에 의하여 근류의 질소고정활성을 측정하였으며 각부위별비구조적 전탄수화물 및 전질소함량을 분석하였다. 1. 근류의 무게는 6월초에 최대로 높았으며 개화기부터는 전생육기간을 걸쳐 느린 속도로 감소되었다. 근류의 질소고정활성의 연중변화는 4월초에 나타나기 시작하여 5월에는 급격히 증가하여 6월초에 최대로 높았고, 그리고 개화기로부터 낮아지기 시작하여 7월말부터 8월중순까지는 낮은 활성을 유지하다가 8월말과 9월초에 다시 높은 활성을 보였다. 2. 각부위의 건물중의 변화곡선과 근류의 무게 및 활성의 변화곡선은 개화기까지는 같은 경향의 증가 곡선을 보였다. 그러나 개화후기에 건물중은 변화가 없었으나 협의 형성에 따른 근류가 이용할 수 있는광합성물질의 감소, 한발, 고온 등에 의하여 근류의 질소고정활성이 급격히 낮아졌기 때문에 이들의 상호관계는 개화후부터 맞지 않았다. 3. 탄수화물함량과 질소함량은 개화기인 6월초에 가장 높고 7월의 결협기부터 낮아지기 시작하였으며 여름기간동안 높은 온도의 영향을 받아 7월말과 8월중순동안 낮은 함량을 보이다가 가을에 다시 증가하였다. 각부위의 탄수화물함량 및 질소함량과 근류의 질소고정활성과의 상호관계는 뿌리의 탄수화물함량과 잎의 질소함량을 근류의 질색고정활성과 높은 정의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 4. 7월중의 예취는 고온기의 탄수화물의 과도한 소모를 방지하여 가을철에 재생에 사용되었고 근류활성 회복에 기여하였다유의 두께나 엽면적은 작고 엽록소함량은 높아지는 경향이었다.65％> Virginia소립 59.2％> Valencia 34.3％>Spanish 33.6％> Virginia 대립 31.4% 순이었으며 무피복재배의 경우는 Valencia 48.6%> Shinpung 43.3%> Virginia 소립 47.8％> Spanish 46.7％>Virginia 대립 25.3% 순으로 피복재배를 함으로써 평균 10.1％ 정도 완숙협 비율이 높았다. 6. 등숙초기(파종 120일후)의 완숙협 비율은 Shinpung> Spanish > Virginia 소립> Valencia > Virginia 대립 순이었으며 완숙협이 현저하게 증가된 시기는 7월 29일∼9월 7일 사이였다. 7. 절위분지별 완숙협의 분포는 전체 완숙협의 63％를 자엽절 2분지가 차지하고 있으며 다음으로 3∼5절 분지에서 34％, 6절위분지 이상에서 3％로 자엽절 2분지의 비중이 특히 컸다.스 접종 8일 후의 중장원동세포내에서 A형 및 B형 봉입체가 형성되었음을 확인하였다. 10. FV감염 중장조직세포의 전자현미경 관찰에서는 바이러스 접종 5일 후에 배상세포의 'cytoplasmic wall'이 비대해지고 그 내부에 virus-specific vesicle이 형성되었으며, 바이러스 접종 8일 후에는 virus-specific vesicle, 바이러스 입자, linear structure, tubular structure 및 전자밀도가 높은 matrix 등의 바이러스 감염에 대한 특이적인 구조물이 배상세포의 세포질에서 관찰되었으며, microvilli내에서 바이러스 입자의