In this paper, the key assembly of the recently developed light machine gun-Ⅱ sighting device was identified as prone to experiencing horizontal noise caused by unstable voltage fluctuations under high-temperature conditions during the defense environmental stress screening test. The primary objective ot this study is to address the issue of horizontal noise through circuit analysis and device parameter tuning, aiming to eliminate its presence.

Physicochemical properties and storage stability of plant-based alternative meat prepared with low-fat soybean powder (LPAM) treated by supercritical-CO2 and those of full-fat soybean powder (FPAM) were compared. Ash and crude protein contents were higher in LPAM than in FRAM. Water absorption capacity and oil absorption capacity were significantly higher in LPAM than in FPAM. Water binding capacity was higher in LPAM than in FPAM during a 20 days storage period at 5℃ and pH was significantly lower in LPAM than in FPAM after a 5~10 days storage period. Hardness, gumminess and chewiness significantly increased with the increase in the storage period, and the three were significantly higher in LPAM than in FPAM after 10 days and 20 days of storage. The acid value showed no remarkable difference according to the storage period in LPAM; however, it was significantly higher in FPAM than in LPAM after 20 days of storage. The peroxide value and TBA value were significantly increased according to the storage period, and were significantly lower iin LPAM than in FPAM during all the storage periods. Therefore, the use of low-fat soybean powder may be effective in improving oxidative stability during storage in the production of plant-based alternative meat.

본 연구는 한국어가 인도네시아어로 번역되었을 때 나타난 결속구조 전환을 연구하는데 목적이 있다. 번역과 결속구조는 서로 긴밀하게 연 결되어 있다. 번역 과정에서 결속구조를 적절하게 해석하고 전달하는 것은 번역의 일관성과 의미 전달에 영향을 미치기 때문이다. 결속 구조 를 분석하기 위해 원문과 번역문에서 100문장을 추출한 후 보그랑데와 드레슬러(Beaugrande & Dresseler, 2008)의 결속구조 모델을 사용하 여 한국어와 인도네시아어의 결속구조를 분석했다. 분석 결과 한국어와 인도네시아어 번역문에서 대용형, 접속 표현, 회기법 및 부분 회기법, 환언, 생략법의 순서로 결속구조가 전환되었음을 확인하였다. 이 연구 내용이 번역 교육의 예시로 활용하거나 번역자들의 실무에 도움이 되 기를 기대해 본다.

외래생물은 애완용 등의 목적으로 유입되고 있으며 파충류는 특이하거나 희귀한 생김새로 인해 거래량이 지속적으로 늘어나 고 있다. 수입량이 증가함에 따라 야생에서 발견되는 외래거북의 수도 증가하고 있으며 최근에 발견된 외래생물은 대부분 도심지 근처에서 발견되었다. 따라서 본 연구는 서울 도심에 위치한 중랑천에 서식하는 외래거북 현황을 보고하고자 한다. 조사 결과 동부비단거북(Chrysemys picta picta), 리버쿠터(Pseudemys concinna), 플로리다붉은배거북(P. nelsoni), 붉은귀 거북(Trachemys scripta elegans), 노란배거북(T. s. scripta), 쿰버랜드거북(T. s. troostii), 중국줄무늬목거북(Mauremys sinensis) 등 총 7종의 외래거북을 확인하였으며 국내종은 자라(Pelodiscus maackii) 1종이 확인되었다. 이 중 6종은 국내에서 생태계교란종으로 지정되어 있다. 가장 많이 발견된 종은 리버쿠터(P. concinna)로 나타났으며 현재 파충류 펫샵에서 거래중 인 동부비단거북(C. p. picta)도 발견되었다. 이를 통해 도심하천의 외래거북 현황을 확인할 수 있었으며, 지속적으로 야생에 유입되고 있음을 보여주는 결과라 판단된다.

Synovial cysts of the temporomandibular joint are rare. They commonly occur in the wrist, knee and feet. The main symptoms of synovial cysts occurring in the temporomandibular joint include preauricular pain and swelling, and surgical removal is the gold-standard treatment. A 54-year-old woman who presented with swelling of the right temporomandibular joint visited Kyungpook National University Dental Hospital. She had undergone enhanced computed tomography from another hospital, which showed a 1.1 × 0.8 × 1 cm well-defined rounded cystic lesion on the lateral area of the right temporomandibular joint. A synovial or ganglion cyst was suspected. The cystic lesion was surgically removed under general anesthesia and was histopathologically diagnosed as a synovial cyst. Histopathological findings show a lumen surrounded by loose fibrous tissue, and the lining is in a folded form and is composed of synovial cells.

본 연구는 인체 및 온혈 동물의 기회감염 병원세균으로 알려진 Pseudomonas oryzihabitans에 의한 양파 구에 발생한 중심 흑화병의 첫 보고이다. 본 연구의 목적은 양파 구 흑화병을 일으키는 원인 병원체를 분리 및 동정하고 미생물학적 특성을 조사하는데 있다. 2021년 국내 양파 구에서 소비자 혐오감을 유발할 수 있는 세균 흑화병이 관찰되었다. 흑갈색 색소가 침착된 조직과 흑색 색소 과육 조직에서 그람음성, 비포자형성, 막대형 pseudomonad들이 분리되었다. 병원성 검정을 통해 형성된 인공 감염후 발생한 증상은 자연 감염과 같았고 멸균 증류수를 처리한 음성 대조구에서는 흑화병이 발견되지 않았다. 병원성 검정, API (analytical profile index) 시험, MALDI-TOF MS (Whole-cell matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry), 16S rRNA 유전자 영역 염기서열분석 및 유전적 유연관계분석을 통해 원인 병원체를 Pseudomonas oryzihabitans로 동정하였다. 대규모 포장 또는 수확후병으로 인한 양파 피해사례가 보고된 적은 없지만, 본 연구에서 얻은 결과는 P. oryzihabitans가 잠재적으로 양파의 글로벌 생산 및 운송과 식품 안전을 위협할 수 있음을 시사한다. 또한 인체 기회감염 병원체이기 때문에 양파로부터 언제든지 인체로 감염될 수 있는 위험성을 갖고 있다고 볼 수 있다.

To analyze the pesticide residues in commercial bee pollen products in South Korea, 61 samples were collected and screened for 339 pesticides. Results revealed that approximately 34% (>LOQ) of samples were contaminated with at least one pesticide. The pesticide residue detection rates of domestic and imported samples were 31% and 44%, respectively. Furthermore, the pesticide residue detection rate of online distribution (60%) was higher than that of offline distribution (27%). Fifteen pesticides were discovered in bee pollen, and pendimethalin, chlorfenvinphos, chlorpyrifos, and fluazinam were detected in 7, 6, 3, and 2 order of frequency, respectively. Even though its concentration was low, chlorfenvinphos which is banned in food crops in the United States, European Union, and Korea, was detected in bee pollen samples commonly. Therefore, continuous investigation of pesticide residues in bee pollen products and their acceptance criteria is required for safety.

Porous ceramics are used in various industrial applications based on their physical properties, including isolation, storage, and thermal barrier properties. However, traditional manufacturing environments require additional steps to control artificial pores and limit deformities, because they rely on limited molding methods. To overcome this drawback, many studies have recently focused on fabricating porous structures using additive manufacturing techniques. In particular, the binder jet technology enables high porosity and various types of designs, and avoids the limitations of existing manufacturing processes. In this study, we investigated process optimization for manufacturing porous ceramic filters using the binder jet technology. In binder jet technology, the flowability of the powder used as the base material is an important factor, as well as compatibility with the binder in the process and for the final print. Flow agents and secondary binders were used to optimize the flowability and compatibility of the powders. In addition, the effects of the amount of added glass frit, and changes in sintering temperature on the microstructure, porosity and mechanical properties of the final printed product were investigated.

하절기의 높은 일사량은 작물의 과도한 호흡을 유발하여 광 합성을 감소시킨다. 또한 주로 하절기에 발생하는 장마는 온실 내부에 저일조 환경을 유발한다. 저일조 환경은 작물의 생 육과 생산량을 감소시키는 원인이 될 수 있다. 본 연구는 하절 기 차광과 보광이 오이의 생육과 생산량에 미치는 영향에 대 해서 조사하기 위해 수행되었다. 오이 접목묘는 2022년 8월 30일에 플라스틱 온실 2동에 정식하였다. 온실 내부의 광량을 감소시키기 위해 온실 1동에 차광 스크린을 설치하였다. 보광 처리는 2022년 9월 7일부터 2022년 10월 20일까지 수행되 었다. 고압나트륨등(high-pressure sodium lamp), 백색 LED (white LED, red:green:blue = 5:3:2), RB LED(combined red and blue LED, red:blue = 7:3)를 보광 광원으로 사용하였 고, 무처리를 대조구로 설정하였다. 보광 처리는 일출 전과 일 몰 후 2시간씩 수행하였고, 보광 광도는 150±20 μmol·m-2·s-1 로 설정하였다. 식물 초장, 엽장, 엽폭, SPAD는 차광 처리에 의해 증가하는 경향을 보였다. RB LED에서는 차광 처리와 관계없이 경경이 유의성 있게 증가되었다. 과실의 생체중과 건물중은 차광과 보광 처리에서 유의미한 차이가 없었다. 과실의 평균 과중은 수확일이 지날수록 보광처리 간의 유의한 차이는 없었다. 결론적으로, 본 연구에서 하절기 오이 재배 시 50% 수준의 차광 처리는 오이의 생육을 유의하게 향상시켰 다. 또한, 보광 대조구에서 생육과 과실 특성이 좋았다. 본 연 구는 오이 재배 시 보광 기술을 적용하기 위한 기초 연구 자료 로 활용될 수 있다.

In this study, the thermal equilibrium of a motor operated in the sea and the temperature in the equilibrium were studied. To predict the equilibrium temperature in the sea, the cooling performance of the motor was studied by comparing results of analysis and experimental results in the air condition. By this study, the method of prediction of the cooling performance of a motor in various environments could be useful.

To develop a high capacity lithium secondary battery, a new approach to anode material synthesis is required, capable of producing an anode that exceeds the energy density limit of a carbon-based anode. This research synthesized carbon nano silicon composites as an anode material for a secondary battery using the RF thermal plasma method, which is an ecofriendly dry synthesis method. Prior to material synthesis, a silicon raw material was mixed at 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 wt% based on the carbon raw material in a powder form, and the temperature change inside the reaction field depending on the applied plasma power was calculated. Information about the materials in the synthesized carbon nano silicon composites were confirmed through XRD analysis, showing carbon (86.7~52.6 %), silicon (7.2~36.2 %), and silicon carbide (6.1~11.2 %). Through FE-SEM analysis, it was confirmed that the silicon bonded to carbon was distributed at sizes of 100 nm or less. The bonding shape of the silicon nano particles bonded to carbon was observed through TEM analysis. The initial electrochemical charging/ discharging test for the 40 wt% silicon mixture showed excellent electrical characteristics of 1,517 mAh/g (91.9 %) and an irreversible capacity of 133 mAh/g (8.1 %).

In this study, we evaluated the effects of acid leaching on the properties of Cr powder synthesized using self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS). Cr powder was synthesized from a mixture of Cr2O3 and magnesium (Mg) powders using the SHS Process, and the byproducts after the reaction were removed using acid leaching. The properties of the recovered Cr powder were analyzed via X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), particle size analysis (PSA), and oxygen content analysis. The results show that perfect selective leaching of Cr is challenging because of various factors such as incomplete reaction, reaction kinetics, the presence of impurities, and incompatibility between the acid and metal mixture. Therefore, this study provides essential information on the properties under acidic conditions during the production of high-quality Cr powder using a self-propagating high-temperature synthesis method.

This study investigated the feasibility of adopting an automatic scoring system (ASS) in a domestic English-speaking education context. Scope, test items, assessment criteria, scoring methods, and reporting strategies of six overseas English-speaking tests utilizing ASSs were examined. Moreover, a comparative analysis was conducted to identify disparities between ASS-based and non-ASS-based speaking tests. Findings were: 1) some ASS-based tests utilized ASS technology throughout the assessment, while others adopted a hybrid scoring system involving human raters; 2) compared to non-ASS-based tests, ASS-based tests used more test items targeting low-level skills such as sound and forms but fewer test items targeting conversation and discourse level skills; 3) pronunciation, fluency, and vocabulary were widely employed as evaluation criteria with sparse use of organization, content, and task completion in most ASS-based tests; 4) differences were minimal in assessment criteria application and score calculation between ASS-based and non-ASS-based tests; and 5) some ASS-based tests provided criteria-specific results and feedback with total scores and proficiency levels.

본 연구에서는 국내에서 유통되는 식·약공용농산물의 잔 류농약 실태를 조사하기 위해 7품목 72건 대상으로 잔류 농약을 분석했다. 시료는 QuEChERS법으로 전처리한 후 GC-MS/MS, LC-MS/MS를 이용하여 분석했다. 식·약공용 농산물 총 7품목 72건 중 42건(58.3%)에서 잔류농약이 검 출되었으며, 검출된 농산물은 복분자 1건, 구기자 14건, 대 추 9건, 오미자 10건, 모과 1건, 생강 5건, 영지버섯 2건 이었다. 그 중 구기자 2건(11.8%), 오미자 1건(7.1%), 영 지버섯 2건(100%)에서 잔류농약 허용기준을 초과하여 검 출되었다. 검출농약은 43종으로 살균제 20종 75회, 살충제 23종 58회이었으며, 살균제 carbendazim 및 tebuconazole이 각각 11회로 가장 빈번하게 검출되었다. 허용기준을 초과 하여 검출된 농약은 acetamiprid, cadusafos, chlorpyrifos, flubendiamide, fluopyram, triazophos으로 모두 잔류농약허 용기준이 설정되지 않은 PLS 항목이었다. 결론적으로 잔 류농약 검사 건수, 검출률, 검출빈도를 종합적으로 고려해 볼 때 식·약공용농산물에 대한 지속적인 잔류농약 관리가 필요한 것으로 생각된다.

Due to the recent impact of global warming, heavy rainfall and droughts have been occurring regardless of the season, affecting the growth of Italian ryegrass (IRG), a winter forage crop. Particularly, delayed sowing due to frequent heavy rainfall or autumn droughts leads to poor growth and reduced winter survival rates. Therefore, techniques to improve yield through additional sowing in spring have been implemented. In this study, the growth of IRG sown in Spring and Autumn was compared and analyzed using vegetation indices during the months of April and May. Spectral data was collected using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) equipped with a hyperspectral sensor, and the following vegetation indices were utilized: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index; NDVI, Normalized Difference Red Edge Index; NDRE (I), Chlorophyll Index, Red Green Ratio Index; RGRI, Enhanced Vegetation Index; EVI and Carotenoid Reflectance Index 1; CRI1. Indices related to chlorophyll concentration exhibited similar trends. RGRI of IRG sown in autumn increased during the experimental period, while IRG sown in spring showed a decreasing trend. The results of RGRI in IRG indicated differences in optical characteristics by sowing seasons compared to the other vegetation indices. Our findings showed that the timing of sowing influences the optical growth characteristics of crops by the results of various vegetation indices presented in this study. Further research, including the development of optimal vegetation indices related to IRG growth, is necessary in the future.

This study would analyze a survey conducted with 609 workers to use the results as materials for the settlement of safety culture for the characteristics of the establishment by assessing the status of the workers’ exposure to harmful risks and the impact on safety culture to present the following conclusions. This study has significance in that it found that exposure to harmful/dangerous factors in the establishment and the workers’ experiences of occupational accidents affect their perception of safety culture and that in particular, ‘worker safety priority’ of the safety cultural factors was an important factor, and it is judged that continuous studies are necessary so that the perceptions of safety culture will spread in the establishment.

This study was conducted to analyze and compare the dry matter yield of Italian ryegrass (IRG) cultivated under monoculture and mixed culture system to recommend suitable varieties that can be cultivated. Italian ryegrass cultivars, Green Fram (GF, extremely early-maturing), Kowinearly (KE, early-maturing), Kowinmaster (KM, mild-maturing), and Hwasan 104 (H104, late-maturing), were used for mono or mixed cultivation. The average monthly temperature in Cheonan over the past 30 years tended to be similar, but that in November and March are judged to be abnormal weather. The dry matter yield of GF+H104 was significantly higher during harvest than that of GF (p<0.05). The dry matter yields of KE and KE+KM were significantly higher during harvest than the output standards of KE and KM. There was no significant difference between the dry matter yield of H104 and KM (p>0.05), but KM had the highest yield of 16,763.1 kg/ha. Analysis showed that the highest dry matter yield during IRG harvest was obtained under monoculture and KE+KM mixed culture. Because the occurrence frequency of abnormal weather such as drought during spring is increasing recently, it is judged that IRG cultivation using early and middle growth is necessary to prepare for abnormal weather.

본 연구는 국내 차나무 품종을 대상으로 연평균 기온이 낮은 봉화군에 식재하여, 봉화지역 차나무 재배 가능성을 검토하고자 연구를 수행하였다. 봉화군 시험지 토양 조사 결과, 시험지별 토양의 pH, EC, 치환성양이온, 유효인산은 적정수준이었으며, 유기물 함량은 대체로 낮은 수치로 조사되었 다. 봉화군 시험지 기온 조사 결과, 최저 기온은 소천면이 -14.1℃로 가장 낮았고, 다음으로 춘양면 -12.6℃, 명호면 -12.6℃, -10.2℃ 순으로 모든 시험지는 -10℃ 이하의 낮은 온도로 조사되었다. 차나무 재배 생육평가 결과, 명호면 시험지에서 생육 정도가 가장 우수하였고, 다음으로 소천면, 온실, 춘양면 순으로 조사되었다. 또한, 재배품종 보향과 대조품종 다산은 시험지 생장량과 광합성량이 다른 수종에 비해 높은 것을 확인하였 다. 봉화지역과 하동지역에 식재된 참녹의 주요 생리활성물질인 catechin과 caffeine 함량을 조사한 결과, Catechin 함량은 EGC와 EC, EGCG 함량은 하동이 높게 조사되었고, 반면 ECG는 봉화지역의 참녹이 월등히 높았다. 총 catechin 함량은 봉화 5.23%, 하동 5.22%로 비슷하게 나타났다. Caffeine 함량은 봉화 0.05%, 하동 0.38%로 하동지역의 참녹이 높게 나타났다. 본 연구에서 봉화군 차나무 재배 생육평가 결과 명호면, 소천면이 차나무 재배에 유리할 것이며, 봉화지역 차나무 재배 시 재배품종 보향과 대조품종 다산은 재배 적응성이 높을 것으로 판단된다.