본 연구의 목적은 농가의 사회·경제적 특성을 조사하여 대상 지역 쌀 생산의 기술적 효율성 수준을 분석하는 것이다. 또한 이 연구에서는 캄보디아의 쌀 생산성 수준에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 확인하고자 하였다. 이 연구에 사용된 정보는 2016년에 캄보디아 남부에 위치 하는 다케오주의 트람꺽군과 키리웡군에서 무작위로 선택된 80개의 농가를 면접 조사한 자료이다. 농가의 사회·경제적 특성을 조사하기 위하여 기술 관련 통계 자료가 활용되었다. 또한 inputorientation data envelopment analysis는 기술적 효율성 점수를 추정하는데 사용되었다. 더불어 Tobit regression은 쌀 생산의 효율성 수준에 영향을 미치는 요인을 확인하는데 사용되었다. 연구 결과에 따르면 연구 결과에 따르면 연구 분야 농가의 평균 기술 효율은 0.67인 반면, 쌀 생산업자들은 같은 생산 수준을 유지하면서도 투입 비용을 33% 절감할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 다케오주의 뜨람꺽군 및 키리웡군의 쌀 생산의 효율성 수준에 영향을 미치는 네 가지 요인이 발견되었다. 토빗 회귀분석 결과, 가장의 성별, 가장의 주요 직업, 쌀의 재배 횟수를 포함한 요인들이 기술적 효율성에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 반면 심어진 종자와 품종은 기술적 효율성에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 추정되었다. 쌀 생산 규모의 효율성은 0.80로 분석되었으며, 이는 농민들이 적정 규모에 가깝게 운영 하고 있음을 나타낸다. 이는 생산관련 비효율의 원인이 투입 자원의 잘못된 배분이나 부적절한 사용으로 인한 것임을 의미 한다.

본 실험은 저온처리 기간과 일장이 자생 돌마타리의 휴면타파와 생장 및 개화에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위해 실시되었다. 노지에서 재배중인 돌마타리의 생물계절현상 반응(phenology) 을 3월부터 10월까지 조사하였다. 또한 저온처리 기간이 돌마타리 휴면타파 및 개화에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 4°C 저온에 0, 3, 6, 9, 12주간 처리한 후 장일환경(16h), 25°C 온도조건에서 재배하면서 생육특성을 관찰하였다. 일장이 돌마타리의 생육 및 개화에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 자연저온 처리된 돌마타리를 단일(9h), 중일(12h), 장일조건(16h)에서 재배하여 생육 특성을 관찰하였다. 야외에서 재배중인 돌마타리는 늦여름인 8월부터 9월까지 개화하는 특성을 보였다. 저온처리 기간에 따른 실험결과 9, 12주 저온처리를 받은 식물이 3, 6주간 저온처리 한 식물에 비해 개화소요일수가 유의하게 단축되었다. 돌마타리는 4°C 온도에서 9주 이상 처리시 33%의 개화율을 보이는 것으로 조사되었다. 일장에 따른 실험결과, 장일환경에서 재배된 돌마타리의 초장은 50.1cm였으나 단일 및 중일환경에서 재배된 식물의 초장은 각각 16.7, 16.1cm로 조사되었다. 돌마타리는 장일환경에서 16주간 재배 시 100% 개화하였으나 단일 및 중일 환경에서 재배 시 전혀 개화하지 않았다. 결론적으로 돌마타리 는 휴면타파 및 개화를 위해 저온을 필수적으로 요구하며 장일 환경조건에서만 개화하는 질적장일식물임을 확인하였다.

The Gwangneung arboretum, affiliated to the Korea Forest Research Institute, was established in 1987 and it became the Korea National Arboretum (KNA) in May 24, 1999. The entomological collection of KNA currently holds a total of 510,365 specimens of 6,849 species including more than 330 type specimens of Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, and Coleoptera are deposited. As the results of recent systematic studies by KNA entomologists, 67 new species were described, and 108 species were newly recorded from Korea and other countries. Not only we have conducted taxonomic studies but also have broaden our research boundary to natural enemy surveys for pine wilt disease vectors, plant and insect interaction, and exotic insect species monitoring. In this presentation, we would like to briefly introduce current entomological researches of KNA in the hope of future collaborations with other entomologists.

A seasonal chigger-borne disease surveillance program was established at Geoje from March to November of 2018 in Gyeongnam Province, Republic of Korea. Two species of 84 wild rodents were collected by using Sherman traps for Geoje in 2018. Chigger mites were collected from the live-captured rodents to figure out seasonal prevalence of mite species and to identify chigger-borne pathogens. A total of 4,611 chiggers were collected from two species of the rodents in 2018. The chigger mites were collected mainly from A. agrarius (Chigger Index; CI 68.3). A vector of scrub typhus, Leptotrombidium orientale was predominant species (CI 14.9, Species Ratio; SR 27.2%) followed by L. pallidium (CI 14.2, SR 25.9%) and L. scutellare (CI 13.2, SR 24.2%) in 2018. In the results of the isolation of Orientia tsutsugamushi from the chigger mites, no pathogens detected from the DNA of the 171 pools of the mites in 2018, using a Polymerase Chain Reaction method.

A tick survey was conducted to monitor ticks using tick traps attached dry ice and a flagging method at each four sites in Busan, Ulju, and Geoje areas of Gyeongnam Province from April to November, 2018. Haemaphysalis longicornis was the most frequently collected, representing 99.8% in Ulju. A total of 27,247 ticks were collected as H. longicornis (Trap Index; TI 283.2), H. flava (TI 0.3), and Ix. nipponensis (TI 0.3). In the collection environment, a total number of 15,672, 5,798, 4,876, and 901 ticks were collected from glassland, tump, tomb, and mountain path, respectively. On the other hand, H. longicornis and Ix. nipponensis were collected with flaggings at the four sites in Ulju, Busan, and Geoje in May and June, 2018. A total of 1,517 ticks collected H. longicornis (Flagging Index; FI 9.3) and Ix. nipponensis (FI 0.1) in Ulju. Haemaphysalis longicornis were collected 2,183 (FI 13.6) and 1,596 (FI 10.0) in Geoje and Busan, respectively. In the results of the isolation of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (SFTS) from the ticks, no pathogens detected from RNA of 557 pools of the ticks using a Polymerase Chain Reaction method in 2018.

Surveillance of the vectors were conducted at a total of 7 locations from March to November, 2018 in Gyeongnam province. In the surveillance, a total of 13 species belonging to seven genera were collected in a total of 15,935 females and 126.5/trap/night (TI; Trap Index) in 2018. Among the collection sites, a bird refuge in Busan, Eulsukdo recorded the highest TI 230.4 (Species Ratio; SR 60.1%) for Cx. tritaeniorhynchus females in 2018. A Cx. tritaeniorhynchus female collected firstly for 2018 in the nation at the pigsty of Busan at 1st April. In the results of isolation of viral RNA from 12 mosquito species including Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Cx. pipiens, Ae. vexans, Ae. albopictus, and Oc. togoi. Chaoyang virus was positive at a pool of Ar. subalbatus collected at a bird refuge but negative in the other 543 pools (14,295 individuals) in 2018.

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith is a noctuid moth endemic throughout the Western Hemisphere that has recently become widespread in sub-Saharan Africa. In Asia, FAW was firstly reported at corn fields in India, SriLanka, Bangladeshi, Miyanmar and Thailand in 2018. In January 2019, FAW was also found in Yunnan province of China. In March 2019, the larvae which could be tentatively identified as FAW were caught at a corn field of Plant Protection Center of Lao PDR, which is located in Vientiane, Laos. Species identification was confirmed by DNA barcoding using the COⅠ segment of the four larvae, which were found to be the haplotype of rice strain (COⅠ-RS). The host strain identity was additionally analysed as a Tpi-C (C-strain allele) by Triosephosphate isomerase gene (Tpi) segment located on the Z sex chromosome. The result shows that the FAW specimens in Lao is the subpopulation of COⅠ-RS/Tpi-C (COⅠ and Tpi haplotype combination). It was reported that COⅠ-CS/Tpi-C were more frequently observed than COⅠ-RS/Tpi-C in Western Hemisphere and Western Africa, but COⅠ-RS/Tpi-C were more frequently observed in Eastern Africa. It can be supposed that the subpopulation of COⅠ-RS/Tpi-C in Lao is one of the subpopulations which have migrated into the Indochinese peninsula from Eastern Africa, with more detailed analysis for more diverse nationwide specimens left.

This study investigated the characteristics of obesity induced by a high-fat diet (HD) over 13 weeks in Rhbdf2 gene knockout (KO) mice. Forty 7-week-old Rhbdf2 wild and KO mice were used and the mice were divided into 4 groups: Wild-ND (n=10, Rhbdf2 wild mice, normal diet (ND)), Wild-HD (n=10, Rhbdf2 wild mice, HD), KO-ND (n=10, Rhbdf2 KO mice, ND) and KO-HD (n=10, Rhbdf2 KO mice, HD). The relative epididymal fat weight in KO-HD was significantly increased compared with that in KO-ND (P<0.01). The relative liver and spleen weights in KO-HD were decreased compared with those in Wild-HD (p < 0.05) and KO-ND (p < 0.01). The mRNA expression of SOD1 in KO-ND was significantly reduced compared with that in Wild-ND (p < 0.05). In Wild-ND and HD, the mRNA expressions of TNF-α and IL-6 in epididymal fat were significantly increased compared with those in KO-ND and HD (p < 0.01). A significant increase of TNF- α and IL-6 mRNA expression was observed in KO-HD compared with KO-ND (p < 0.01). These results indicated that Rhbdf2 genes may regulate high fat diet-induced obesity damage by anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative roles in fat tissue of mice.