We present a case of lipogranuloma of the chin in a 17-year-old man. The lesion was revealed as lipogranuloma in radiological and histopathological findings and did not recur after being surgically removed. Lipogranuloma is a granulomatous inflammation with marked sclerosing response to the fatty tissue caused by foreign material injection. Despite lipogranuloma was reported as a complication arising from injection of oil-based substances into soft tissues for the purpose of cosmetic therapy, patient in this case had no history of foreign material injection. We expect that patient had a history of traumatic injury on his right chin that he doesn’t remember. Definitive treatment of lipogranuloma is surgical excision and usually involves secondary reconstruction. Regarding the physical and psychological complications of this practice, prevention is required the most but once occurred accurate history taking and biopsy is important to diagnosis

Toxic heavy metals like mercury and cadmium are known to involve in altering the salivary flow so that can be appeared sialorrhea or ptyalism, the condition of increased salivary flow, or xerostomia (“dry mouth”), the condition related to inhibited or decreased salivary flow. Although many people were exposed to these heavy metal in work environment, dental clinics, the mechanism is rarely discussed in the clinical literature. The present study is to carried out analysis of AQP5 expression that play a key role in saliva fluid secretion and cell membrane water permeability on mercury- or cadmium-exposed mice submandibular gland. To investigate AQP 5 expression, immunohistochemical study and western blot assay were carried out on mercury- or cadmium-exposed mice. Additionally, RT-PCR, real- time PCR with specific primers were carried out. Cadmium or mercury exposure led ductal extension, ductal cell increase, and blood vessel increase in mouse submandibular gland. The mRNA and protein expression of AQP5 were increased in time dependent manners on cadmium or mercury exposed mouse. Also, AQP5 were translocated from basolateral membrane to apical membrane of acini cell. In conclusion, toxic heavy metal such as mercury and cadmium appear to alter the AQP5 expression and distribute to apical membrane of ductal cell and lead to alter salivary secretion.

A Warthin’s tumor of major salivary glands, in particular of parotid glands, is a common benign tumor that may occur synchronously or metachronously in the same or contralateral gland. Moreover, epithelial malignance associated with a Warthin’s tumor is extremely rare, and exists in three forms; epidermoid carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and undifferentiated carcinoma. The reports, related with a case of squamous cell carcinoma arising in a Warthin’s tumor at the parotid gland were reported only additional 3 cases from 1999 to 2010; 30 cases reported up to 1999.[2,4,7] This case report was a extremely rare case where both a primary squamous cell carcinoma and a Warthin's tumor were coexisting in the same

Squamous odontogenic tumor (SOT) is a rare benign neoplasm first described by Pullon et al. in 1975. Clinically and histologically, it is confused with ameloblastoma, carcinoma and local periodontoal disease. We report a case of SOT occuring in a 16-year-old female in the right mandibular angle location associated with an impacted molar

For more than two decades, the intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) technique has been used as a valuable tool to provide opportunities for studying fertilization, treating human infertility, and producing transgenic animals. Not only in facilitating fertilization but also in propagating mammalian species, ICSI has enhanced the potential of assisted reproductive technologies in human. Polyspermic fertilization has been one of major problems in pig reproduction, but the ICSI helped to solve the problem, and used widely to generate transgenic piglets. Although the ICSI technique is considered to be a very useful tool in assisted reproductive technologies, including generation of transgenic animals, there are some disadvantages using the technique. In this review, we describe the ICSI technique and its application in animal production and human infertility, and discuss advantage and disadvantage of the technique in mammals.

We demonstrate optical cross-sectional imaging system implemented with high-resolution interferometry and present oral diagnostic imaging results obtained without any physical sectioning. High-resolution interferometry could be performed with utilizing broadband optical source and employment of beam scanning device to high-resolution interferometer constitutes optical imaging system for non-invasive cross-sectional view at real-time. The optical imaging system is implemented with fiber-optic devices for compactness and optical probe head is realized by using single mode optical fiber and miniaturized actuator, which is properly designed for the application to dental imaging. The basic performance of the optical imaging system, for example, such as resolution, imaging depth, and sensitivity is suggested to prove high-resolution optical imaging performance. Feasibility of the developed optical imaging system performance in the application of dental diagnostic is proved with demonstrating non-invasively obtained cross-sectional images. The imaging quality suggested in the images could be applied to assessment of oral diseases and used for alternative imaging modality to X-ray diagnostic method overcoming disadvantage of low-image resolution. The imaging performance enabling real-time image reconstruction also could be exploited as early oral diagnostic apparatus prior to microscopic observation under H&E staining.

Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma has been defined as a lesion similar to ameloblastic fibroma by WHO, as it shows inductive changes which forms enamel and dentin. Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma is a very rare mixed dentition tumor in children, and the symptom shows indolent edema in maxillary and mandibular molar area. The prevalence is two times higher in male than in female, and two times higher in maxilla than in mandible. Radiologically, it shows clear border and characteristics of both fibroma and odontoma histologically. This review reports a case that a 4-year old female visited in dental clinic of this school for edema as chief complaint in Feb, 2012. Emergency surgical curettage was performed right after initial diagnosis as odontoma, then confirmed diagnosis as Ameloblastic fibro- odontoma after biopsy. Currently, after 6 month, no sign of recurrence can be seen. Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma is very rare mixed dentition tumor. Moreover, as it is the case of female maxilla, this case is worth of publishing. Furthermore, accurate diagnosis of Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma is difficult. This review is published for accurate diagnosis through differential diagnosis of several important mixed dentition tumors.

Peri-implantitis (PI) is bacteria-induced inflammatory condition which affects the alveolar bone and soft tissue around implants and may result in the loss of supporting bone. Attenuation of the P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response can be a new therapeutic approach in the treatment of PI. This study was conducted to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of 635-nm light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation over MG63 osteoblast-like cell. Scratch was made on MG63 cells with or without LPS, then 635-nm irradiated. The expression of the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) proteins was evaluated with western blot. The production of the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and expression of the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) was measured with enzyme-linked immunoassay, and the cytokine profile was evaluated with the human inflammation antibody array. Wound closure effect presented in the cells treated with LPS was observed more significantly in the cells with 635-nm irradiation than the cells without irradiation. The 635-nm irradiaiton reduced LPS-induced expression of the COX-2 and production of the PGE2. Also, 635-nm irradiation affect the expression of RANKL, OPG, and proinflammatory cytokines. These results indicate that 635-nm irradiation could reduce the alveolar bone resorption induced by LPS stimulation through the inhibition of COX-2 expression and PGE2 production, the suppression of proinflammatory cytokine, and the modulation of RANKL/OPG balance in MG63 cells.

Topoisomerases are essential enzymes involved in all processes of DNA metabolism, and their inhibitors have been identified as potential anti-cancer agents. The present study examined the effect of linoelaidic acid (C18 polyunsaturated fatty) compounds derived from Gardenia jasminoids Ellis extract on the activity of eukaryotic topoisomerases inhibition. The present study identified linoelaidic acid compounds using open column fraction, HPLC, NMR and LC/MS which have effects on cell death in oral cancer cell line, FaDu, but not in immortalized normal cell line, HaCaT. Subsequent studies revealed linoelaidic acid-induced autophagy through LC3 activation. Finally, its inhibition of topoisomerase I and selectively induction of oral cancer cell death possibly implies that linoelaidic acid can be a role as potenial agents in the prevention and therapy of oral cancer.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of NEAA and leptin supplemented to in vitro culture medium on the developmental competence of porcine embryos after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), and to modify the culture condition to improve the quality and the development of ICSI-derived porcine embryos in vitro. After ICSI, the putative zygotes were then cultured in PZM-3 medium with/without NEAA or leptin. The proportion of embryos that developed to the blastocyst stage significantly increased when 1% NEAA (24.62%) was added to the medium compared with 2% NEAA and no NEAA group (17.24% and 20.24%, respectively, p<0.05). The effect of different concentration of leptin (0, 10, 100, 500 ng/ml) was evaluated on the development of porcine ICSI embryos cultured in vitro. In case of blastocyst formation, 100 ng/ml group (27.05%) showed significantly higher rate than 10, 500 ng/ml, and control group (23.45%, 17.99%, and 19.68%, respectively, p<0.05). We also evaluated the effects of different NEAA and leptin treatment time on the development of porcine embryos after ICSI. Among groups of embryos cultured in the presence of NEAA or leptin for whole 7 days (D 1-7), first 4 days (D 1-4), the subsequent 3 days (D 5-7), both NEAA (27.13%, 21.17 %, and 17.56%, respectively, p<0.05) and leptin (25.60%, 20.61%, and 16.53%, respectively, p<0.05) showed that supplementation for whole 7 days significantly increased the blastocyst formation rate compared with the other groups of D1-4 and D5-7. We further evaluated the combination effect of 1% NEAA and 100 ng/ml leptin compared with the effect of each supplementation with 1% NEAA or 100 ng/ml leptin or no supplementation on development of embryos. For blastocyst formation, combination group of NEAA and leptin (24.78%) showed significantly higher rate than other three groups (18.37%, 20.44 %, and 13.27%, respectively, p<0.05). We further evaluated the expression of proapoptosis genes such as BAX and BAK and anti-apoptosis genes, BCL-XL and BCL-2 in blastocysts cultured in the presence of 100 ng/ml leptin. RT-PCR analysis revealed that leptin supplementation significantly decreased the expression of pro-apoptosis genes as well as increased the expression of anti-apoptosis genes. These results of present study demonstrate that NEAA and leptin could improve the in vitro development of ICSI- derived porcine embryos with optimal concentration of each reagent. Furthermore, the optimal culture condition could increase the quality of ICSI-derived embryos in vitro.

Chicken Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (cIGF-1), one of the most important hormone for regulating physiological function includes body growth, muscle volume, bone density, chicken cell development and metabolism. In order to find in vitro Knokdown expression of cIGF-1, this study introduced tetracycline inducible RNA interference expression system (TetRNAi system). Tet system can inductively control high expression of extrinsic genes and expression of intrinsic genes. So it has advantages such as minimized physiological side-effects any cell and low cytotoxicity. RNAi system is proving to be a powerful experimental tool for inhibition of gene expression and post-transcriptional mechanism of gene silencing. RNAi is mediated by small interfering RNA (siRNA) consisting of 19- to 23- nucleotide double-stranded RNA duplexes that promote specific endonucleolytic cleavage of mRNA targets through an RNA-induced silencing. Then, this study RNAi-based gene knockdown can be achieved by retroviral-based expression systems. Stable integration of our inducible siRNA vector allowed the production of siRNA on doxycycline induction, followed by specific down regulation of chicken IGF-1 gene. Analyses of Real-time PCR to determine expression of the cIGF-1 gene showed successful from chicken embronic fibroblast (CEF) cells with the reduced rate of an approximately 92%. Our results demonstrate the successful regulation of cIGF-1 knockdown expression in CEF cells and support the application of an tetracycline inducible RNAi expression system in transgenic Mini chicken production. This research was supported by Bio-industry Technology Development Program, Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Republic of Korea.

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of acteoside (the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor) on the SCNT efficiency with adult fibroblasts in dog. Canine adult fibroblasts were obtained from muscle and cell cycle of fibroblasts was synchronized by culturing to confluency, serum starvation and treating with 30 μM acteoside for 48 h. Cell cycle stages, cell cytotoxicity (apoptosis) and, prduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were analyzed using flow cytometry. The canine cells, prepared by confluent-cell culture or treating with 30 μM acteoside for 48 h, were injected into enucleated in vivo matured oocytes, the couplets were electrical fused and activated by calcium ionomycin. SCNT embryos using acteoside-treated fibroblasts were surgically transferred into oviducts of estrus cycle synchronized recipient dogs. In cell cycle synchronization (G0/G1), there was no significant difference between serum starvations (83.9%) and acteoside treated groups (81.3%) that were higher than confluent group (78.5%). In production of apoptosis, confluent and acteoside treated groups (4.3 and 4.5%, respectively) were generated less than serum starvation group (21.8%). In case of ROS, serum starvation group was induced a significantly higher than other groups. After synchronization of the donor cell cycle, either confluent or acteoside treated, cells were placed with enucleated in vivo-matured dog oocytes, fused by electric stimulation, activated, and transferred into naturally estrus-synchronized surrogates. Fusion and cleavage rate of acteoside treated group were 64.1 and 41.5%, which were higher than those of confluent group (53.9 and 20.6%, respectively). The reconstructed embryo development rates to 4-cell and 8-cell in acteoside treated group were 29.5 and 14.8%, respectively, while confluent group showed 11.1 and 3.2%, respectively. Total 54 SCNT embryos using acteoside-treated fibroblasts were transferred into oviducts of 2 recipient dogs and one recipient finally delivered one puppy, whereas din`t detected pregnancy on transfer of cloned embryos reconstructed with confluent cells in 6 surrogate dogs. In conclusion, the results of the current study demonstrated that canine fibroblasts could be successfully arrested at the G0/G1 stage with reduced the formation of ROS and apoptosis after acteoside treatment. This results may contribute to improve the effi-ciency of canine SCNT. * This research was supported by iPET (Grants 110056-3), Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Republic of Korea.

Acteoside acts as an anti-oxidative activity and anti-apoptosis in the cells. But, it has been not studied on maturation and development of porcine oocytes. The aims of the present study were to examine the effects of acteoside on the morphological progress of meiosis, developmental competence, and ROS in porcine oocytes. Oocytes were matured in tissue culture medium-199, supplemented with acteoside at various concentrations: 0 (control), 10, 30 and 50 μM. The oocytes maturation rates of groups supplemented with acteoside were no significantly different (81.13, 85.96, 82.95 and 83.68%, respectively). Level of ROS was significantly decreased in acteoside treated group. Furthermore, the parthenogenetic blastocyst rate was significantly improved in 10 μM acteoside treated group compared with control group (44.83 vs. 27.75%). And we investigated effect of acteoside on the oocytes condition represented by cytoplasmic maturation by homogeneous distribution and formation of cytoplasmic organelles and regulation of apoptosis-related genes. In the results. during IVM, 10 μM acteoside treated oocytes showed that the mitochondria and lipid droplet were smaller and homogeneous distribution in cytoplasm compare with control oocytes. And reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) of parthenogenetic blstocysts revealed that acteoside increased the anti-apoptotic genes (Mcl-1, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL), whereas reduced the expression of pro-apoptotic genes (Bax and Bak). In conclusion, based on the results, the effect of acteoside on IVM was not attractive. However, in acteoside treated group, cytoplasmic maturation seemed to be improved with morphologically uniform distribution of cytoplasmic organelles. Furthermore, embryonic development in acteoside treated group was significantly highly increased than that of non-treated group. Our results represents that addition of acteoside to the IVM medium has a beneficial effect in physiology of porcine oocytes, providing a improved method for porcine oocytes in vitro. * This work was supported by a grant (Code# PJ008148) from BioGreen21 Program, Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea.

The objective of the current study was to describe in vitro embryo production in Hanwoo, analyzing oocytes yield and embryo production. The effects of oocytes production and the number of OPU procedures per animal on embryo production were also evaluated. OPU was done every 3～4 days during experimental period and collected oocytes were fertilized in vitro in both OPU and needle puncture groups. First, we compared the recovery rate of oocytes based on OPU session (Experiment 1). The average of collected oocytes was calculated from every 10 session. The average number of total oocytes recovered per animalonsessionwas 5.16 (mean). Second, we compared the recovery rate base on collection period of OPU (Experiment 2). The following results show the difference of the number of recovered oocytes in every month during the procedure between the months of session. Every animal shows the constant number of recovered oocytes for the first 5 months. However, the recovery rate of oocytes was decreased from month 6 to 8. Third, we compared the developmental rate to blastocyst in two groups (Experiment 3). Oocytes by needle puncture were fertilized with frozen-thawing semen; the cleavage rate 24～48 h after in vitro fertilization (IVF) was 75.8% and blastocyst development rate was 18.8% in needle puncture group. Even though there is lower cleavage rate after IVF in OPU group (61.1%), blastocyst development rate was higher compared with needle puncture group (28.4%). In conclusion, Blastocyst developmental rate could be increased by OPU than classical method of needle puncture. Improvement of bio- technique in collecting oocytes could be applied to understand the reproductive physiology in cattle, expecially Hanwoo. Therefore, further investigation should be done to clarify the efficiency and advantage of OPU involved in reproduction in animals and human being.

Low level light therapy (LLLT) is known to accelerate the process of wound healing, bone and cartilage formation, and to decrease tissue necrosis and inflammation. It also can be applicable to acute and chronic injury or degenerative disease. Despite forty- plus years of accumulating exprerience of the clinical efficacy of LLLT, their molecular biologic evidence is not fully elucidated. The aim of this review is to explore the role of the ROS system and its molecular biologic mechanism in related with inflammatory response, anti-apoptosis and angiogenesis during LLLT. We suggest that activation of ROS system explains many (if not most) of the observed response of cells to LLLT in vitro, and is likely to play a pivotal role in the response of animals and patients to LLLT for both experimental and clinical indications and diseases.

Recurrence-metastasis status of squamous cell carcinoma of tongue is a challenging oncologic problem. This study examined the expression of E-cadherin/β-catenin cell adhesion complex in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue through an immunohistochemical study. Twenty samples from 15 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue, who were treated at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, consisted of primary or recurrent tumors along with matched metastatic lymph nodes were retrieved for immunohistochemical staining and grouped based on recurrence-metastasis status.Differences in stain localization were noted in E-cadherin, β–catenin and phospho β–catenin staining between different tumor groups based on the recurrence-metastasis status. The number of phospho β-catenin stain positive cells was found to have a significant role in survival. E-cadherin confirms its role as a powerful individual differentiation indicator and the role of β-catenin specially the phospho type elicts interest

The objective of this study was to evaluate in vitro production of bovine embryos in Hanwoo. Oocytes were collected by ovum pick up (OPU) from ovaries of genetically high-value Hanwoo or by needle puncture from ovaries of slaughtered cattle. OPU was done every 3 4 days duing experimental period and collected oocytes were fertilized in vitro in both OPU and needle puncture groups. First, We compared the in vitro maturation rate in two groups (Experiment 1). 545 oocytes were recoverd from 4 females by 32 trials of OPU and then 433 oocytes were shown MⅡ stage after in vitro maturation (79.4%). In case of needle puncture group, 1905 oocytes were collected and then 1420 oocytes were matured to MⅡ stage during in vitro culture(74.5%). Second, we compared the developmental rate to blastocyst in two groups (Experiment 2). 1420 oocyte by needle puncture were fertilized with frozen-thawing semen; the cleavage rate 24 48 h after in vitro fertilization (IVF) was 88.6% and blastocyst development rate was 20.5% in needle puncture group. Even though there is lower cleavage rate after IVF in OPU group (84.8%), blastocyst development rate was higher compared with needle puncture group (26.4%). In conclusion, Blastocyst developmental rate could be increased by OPU than classical method of needle puncture. Improvement of bio-technique in collecting oocytes could be applied to understand the reproductive physiology in cattle, expecially Hanwoo. Therefore, further investigation should be done to clarify the efficiency and advantage of OPU involved in reproduction in animals and human being. This research was suppoted by Imsil-gun agricultural technology service center.