These study was carried out to investigate the effects of the recovery time, diameter of oocytes on in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). The in vitro maturation rates to MII stage of oocytes recovered at the inactive, follicular and luteal stages matured for 72 h were 1.4±0.0%, 43.4±3.2% and 10.8±2.7%, respectively. The fertilization rates of in vitro cultured oocytes recovered from ovaries at the in active, follicular and luteal stages were 0.0±0.0%, 15.7±3.4% and 7.6±3.5%, respectively. The in vitro maturation rate of oocytes recovered from ovaries at the follicular stage of the reproductive cycle was significantly higher than those at the inactive and luteal stages (p<0.05). The penetration rate determined that the percentages of oocytes with diameters in the <100 μm, 100 to 100 μm and 110 to 120 μm ranges were 17.5±4.7%, 43.9±4.5%, 21.3±3.4%, respectively. The penetration rate of oocytes with diameters between 100 to 110 μm was significantly higher than that of oocytes whose diameters were 100< μm and 110～120 μm (p<0.05). The penetration rate of oocytes determined that the percentages of ovaries with diameters between 1 to 5 mm and 6 to 10 mm were 32.9±3.2% and 17.5±3.7%, respectively. Thus, the diameters of the ovaries were significantly higher at 1 to 5 mm (p<0.05). A total of 264 oocytes were fixed and stained after co-incubation with sperm, of which 72 had identifiable nuclear material. After in vitro fertilization for 20 hrs, 27.3% of oocytes were penetrated by spermatozoas. Oocytes were fixed and stained after ICSI, of which 38 oocytes contained identifiable nuclear material. After in vitro fertilization and ICSI for 20 hrs, to 27.3% and 67.9% of oocytes were penetrated by spermatozoas. The in vitro fertilization rates by ICSI was significantly higher than that in vitro fertilization method (p<0.05).

The authors have demonstrated white oraganic light-emitting diodes (WOLED) using 1,4-bis[2-(4'-diphenylaminobiphenyl-4-yl)vinyl]benzene as fluorescent blue emitter and iridium(III) bis(5-acetyl-2-phenylpyridinato-N,C2') acetylacetonate as phosphorescent red emitter. The optimized WOLED using red host material as bis(2-methyl-8-quinolinato) -4-phenylphenolate exhibited proper color stability in comparison with the control device using 4,4'-N,N'-dicarbazole-biphenyl as red host. The white device showed a maximum luminance of 21100 cd/m2 at 14 V, luminous efficiency of 9.7 cd/A at 20 mA/cm2, and Commission Internationale de I'Eclairage (CIEx,y)coordinates of (0.32, 0.34) at 1000 cd/m2. The devices also exhibited the color shift with δCIEx,y coordinates of ± (0.01,0.01) from 100 to 20000 cd/m2.

In the present studies, we have intended to compare the EDS (20% EG + 20% DMSO + 0.4 M sucrose + 10% FCS) and EDT (20% EG + 20% DMSO + 0.3 M trehalose 10% FCS) methods for vitrification of canine oocytes, in order to improve the vitrification methods. The survival rate of vitrified‐thawed oocytes using the EDS method was 15.1±1.8% (p<0.05), which was lower than that of the control group (66.7±2.5%). About 45～55% of the vitrified‐warmed oocytes showed normal morphology, as assessed by PI staining. However, the ratio of survival rate of oocytes showed lower than that of normal morphology in comparison between EDS method and control group. The survival and developmental rates of vitrified‐warmed oocytes by the EDS and EDT methods were 16.7±1.4% and 11.1±0.8% and 8.3±1.4% and 4.4±1.8%, respectively (p<0.05). The results were significantly lower than the control group (66.7±2.5% and 16.7±3.7%). However, the survival rate of vitrified‐warmed oocytes using EDS method showed higher than that in the ETS group.

이 논문에서는 게이트 절연막 위에 vapor deposition polymerization(VDP)방법을 사용하여 성막한 유기 점착층을 진공 열증착하여 유기 박막 트랜지스터(OTFTs)소자를 제작할 수 있음을 증명하였다. 우리가 제작한 Staggered-inverted top-contact 구조를 사용한 유기 박막 트랜지스터는 전기적 output 특성이 포화 영역안에서는 포화곡선을, triode 영역에서는 비선형적인 subthreshold를 확실히 볼 수 있음을 발견했다. 0.2μm 두께를 가진 게이트 절연막위에 유기 점착층을 사용한 OTFTs의 장 효과 정공의 이동도와 문턱전압, 그리고 절멸비는 각각, 약 0.4cm2/Vs, -0.8V, 106 이 측정되었다. 게이트 절연막의 점착층으로써 폴리이미드의 성막을 위해, 스핀코팅 방법 대신 VDP 방법을 도입하였다. 폴리이미드 고분자막은 2,2bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane dianhydride(6FDA)와 4,4'-oxydianiline(ODA)을 고진공에서 동시에 열 증착 시킨 후, 그리고 150℃에서 1시간, 다시 200℃에서 1시간 열처리하여 고분자화된 막을 형성하였다. 그리고 점착층이 OTFTs의 전기적 특성에 주는 영향을 설명하기 위해 비교 연구하였다.

The complete chloroplast (cp) genomes of two Miscanthus species, M. sinensis and M. sacchariflorus, were sequenced and investigated for genes, genome size variation, and polymorphisms. There are 154 genes in both cp genomes, consisting of 122 coding genes, 40 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. The cp genome contains two inverted repeat (IR) regions, separated by large single copy (LSC) region and small single copy (SSC) region. 112bp indels in M. sinensis and 152bp in M. sacchariflorus were found mainly in LSC and SSC, which are responsible for 40 bp-difference in cp genome size in two species. Likewise, out of 94bp of SNPs, 88bp were found in LSC and SSC regions. Although gene number and sequence structure were quite well conserved, indel distribution and size were different in these two Miscanthus species.

Early diagnosis of crop growth at various growth stages will help to make an optimum fertilization. If we can diagnose crop growth at around the time of topdressing of N fertilizer, N fertilization can be made based on crop growth and target crop yield, which may provide economic and environmental benefits as compared with fixed rate fertilization. In this study we devised methods to diagnose rice growth non-destructively at panicle initiation stage and to determine N topdressing rate. SPAD-502, Field Scout CM1000 and Green Seeker GNDVI were used to diagnose the growth status of rice grown at different soil N fertilities. The values measured by the diagnostic equipments at rice panicle initiation stage were then regressed to rice grain yield. It was found that CM1000 and GNDVI were more efficient than SPAD to diagnose rice growth. Therefore, a multivariate model with CM1000 and GNDVI values was developed to make a decision of N fertilization at rice panicle initiation stage. In a subsequent field study, N fertilization determined by non-destructive growth diagnose by CM1000 and GNDVI, and the multivariate model could minimize N fertilizer use to achieve our target yield, resulted in significant reduction of N fertilizer as compared with fixed rate N fertilization.

The variation of assimilable organic carbon(AOC) concentration at each condition of ozonation was investigated using a model water and drinking water resource. AOC concentration of model raw water and drinking water resource tended to increase at low ozone dose. The maximum AOC concentration was detected when the residual ozone begin to be measured. Also, the AOC concentration increase at pH 8 compared to both pH 6 and 7 while that for pH 9 decreased rapidly. The removal characteristics of trihalomethane formation potential(THMFP) by ozonation was also investigated. Unlike the trend of AOC, the THMFP concentration never increased by ozonation but decreased even at low ozone dosage. From these results, the ozone dosage would be effective to simultaneously decrease both AOC and THMFP.