Conventional steel and concrete piles are widely applied in civil engineering industries with long time experience and many advantages. However, steel pipe piles, a sort of most common steel pile, are prone to losing their structural integrity over time due to corrosive and humid conditions. Moreover, concrete piles such as in-situ concrete piles and pretensioned spun high strength concrete (PHC) piles are subject to deterioration of their long-term structural durability. Therefore, Hybrid FRP-concrete composite pile (HCFFT) was developed. HCFFT is consisted of pultruded FRP (PFRP) unit module, filament winding FRP which is in the outside of mandrel composed of circular shaped assembly of PFRP unit modules, and concrete which is casted inside of the circular tube shaped hybrid FRP pile. Therefore, PFRP can increase the flexural load carrying capacity, while filament winding FRP and concrete filled inside can increase axial load carrying capacity. In this paper, field loading experiments were conducted to evaluate field bearing capacity of HCFFT pile with connection and HCFFT pile without connection.

As the ridges become larger and larger, a structural type that enables effective utilization of the long span and space is required. In the construction stage, the steel column supports the installation load. However, in order to secure the stability against the out - of - plane deformation of the steel column due to the lateral pressure when the concrete is laid, a binding frame is installed inside the steel pipe at constant intervals to resist the concrete installation pressure. When the concrete is cured and its performance as a composite section is exerted, a stress is generated which pushes the steel pipe out of the plane by the column compressive force. In this case, since the binding frame controls the deformation, the local buckling is delayed and the constraining effect on the concrete is increased. In order to evaluate the structural performance and behavior of the composite mega column according to the eccentricity effect and the effect of the binding frame, we carried out a structural test by fabricating eight monopole specimens with the binding frame reinforcement, reinforcing gap, reinforced cross section and eccentricity , And the experimental results are compared with the KBC2016 design formula.

Recently, as the number of earthquakes has increased, the building structure standard has been revised in 2016. In order to minimize earthquake damage, steel frame is used as the most economical and efficient lateral resistance system. Also, when the steel braces are subject to Compressive load, which causes unstable behavior of the structure. In order to verify the compressive behavior of the reinforced Braces, structural performance tests were conducted with variables of slenderness ratio and the amount of reinforcement. This study investigates the structural performance of existing double - angle steel braces by reinforcing them with non- welded/assembled light-weight steel frames and proposes a suitable reinforced section.

Recently, glass fiber reinforced polymer plastic (GFRP) pipes are increasing trend in using in the water-supply system because of their advantages such as light-weight, corrosion resistance, etc. GFRP pipes discussed in this paper have polymer mortar layer between filament winding glass fiber reinforced polymer plastic layers. So, GFRP pipe properties such as pipe stiffness (PS) and equivalent modulus of elasticity (Eeq ) for the design are complicated to predict or to measure. In this study, we proposed the equation that can predict the equivalent pipe stiffness factor (EI) in relation to PS and Eeq using thickness of each material layer. The predicted result obtained by the equation proposed in this paper is compared with experimental result. As a result, it was in the range of –5% to +2%. Therefore, it is found that the proposed equation can be used to design GFRP pipe used in practice.

A pultruded fiber reinforced polymer plastic (PFRP) structural member consisted of plate elements, which is commonly used as construction member, may be considered as an orthotropic material due to its unique manufacturing process. It has different mechanical properties with respect to the longitudinal and transverse directions. This orthotropic nature of PFRP material needs to be considered in the analysis of buckling behavior. In this paper, a simplified buckling analysis for PFRP plate using geometric mean of the longitudinal and transverse mechanical properties is performed. The comparison between exact buckling analysis and simplified buckling analysis is conducted. Each analysis is performed by the Levy method and the finite element method (FEM), respectively.

Among the Fire Protection in the interior representative case are spray coat, board, Paint. Intumescent paint has been developed that price competitiveness manufactures and Fire-resistances certificate was verified by experiment. Recent three-hour fire resistance performance developed Intumescent paint is applied as a high-rise, and major structures designed according to the refractory needs to be more efficient. However, domestic and outside the thermal properties of Intumescent paint materials are not proposed. Meanwhile, Intumescent paint in fire is built char layer since the 500∼60 0℃ and middle layer is formed by the decuple intumescent char more then cover thickness at room temperature. It is cut temperature flow off to the steel surface. Nonetheless, Bond Strength of steel and paint deprive as the intumescent char increases. and then steel surface are exposed to flame instantaneously. In this study, intumescent char estimate according to structural parameter(Fire resistance, cover thickness, shape ratio).

Composite columns are increasingly used due to the construction of super-tall buildings and large-scale buildings. Studies on the shapes of and construction technologies for structural members using steel tubes are being conducted actively. Welded built-up CFT columns previously developed and commercialized by the authors of this study (ACT-1 columns) are structurally stable and economically efficient. However, the 1m limit in the width of the columns and their small interior spaces impose a difficulty in installing reinforcing materials and thus deteriorate the ease and efficiency with which they are constructed. This study suggests placing thick plates at the centers of the surfaces of the existing ACT-1 column and installing a binding frame (binding frames) at the central thick plates to enhance the integrity and resist lateral pressure caused by concrete casting. Finite element analysis was conducted with the variables of the number and cross-sectional size of the binding frame and the cross-sectional size of the steel tube to estimate the structural behavior of the steel tubes. Hydraulic tests were conducted to analyze load-displacement relations and identify the influence of the binding frames on the relations. The variables in the tests were the number and cross-sectional size of the binding frame, welding details, column joint and the cross-sectional size of the steel tube

Poly(ether-block-amide)(PEBA, PEBAX)는 열가소성 탄성체로서 단단하고 견고한 성질과 부드럽고 유연한 성질을 동시에 지니고 있기 때문에 분리 막 이용 시 우수한 기계적 특성, 선택도, 높은 투과도를 제공할 수 있다. Chitosan은 갑 각류에서 얻을 수 있는 친환경적인 고분자 물질이나 Chitosan을 분리 막 이용 시 낮은 기계적 안정성, 열적 안정성, gas barrier 성질들로 인해 이용하는데 한계가 있다. 본 실험에서는 PEBAX와 Chitosan을 사용해 복합 막을 제조하고 물리화학적 특성을 알아보았다. 기체 투과 실험은 국산 Sepra Tek사재 VPA-601을 사용하여 측정하였다. 기체투과실험은 일정압력의 조건에서 온도별, 고분자의 함량별로 행하였다.

Poly(ether-block-amide)(PEBA, PEBAX)는 열가소성 탄성체로서 단단하고 견고한 성질과 부드럽고 유연한 성질을 동시에 지니고 있기 때문에 분리 막 이용 시 우수한 기계적 특성, 선택도, 높은 투과도를 제공할 수 있다. Chitosan은 갑 각류에서 얻을 수 있는 친환경적인 고분자 물질이나 Chitosan을 분리 막 이용시 낮은 기계적 안정성, 열적 안정성, gas barrier 성질들로 인해 이용하는데 한계가 있다. NaY Zeolite 친수성이 강한 가장 대표적인 제올라이트로서 강한 친수성과 분자체 효과에 의한 기체 투과 특성을 제공한다. 본 실험에서는 PEBAX와 Chitosan에 NaY Zeolite를 첨가하여 복합 막을 제조 하고 물리화학적 특성을 알아보았다. 기체 투과 실험은 국산 Sepra Tek사재 VPA-601을 사용하여 측정하였다. 기체투과실험은 일정압력의 조건에서 온도별, 고분자의 함량별로 행하였다.

Pultruded fiber reinforced polymeric plastic (PFRP) has many advantages such as high corrosion resistance, high specific stength/stiffness, light weight, etc. Pultrusion is a manufacturing process for producing continuous lengths of reinforced polymeric structural shapes with constant cross-section. The mechanical property of PFRP is usually regarded as an orthotropic material. The pultruded structural shapes are usually composed of thin-walled plate element. Because the composite material has relatively low elastic moduli, the design of pultruded compression members may not be governed by the material strength limit state but by the stability limit state such as the local buckling. Therefore, the stability limit state must be checked to design pultruded thin-walled compression members. In this paper, we present the analytical study results of elastic buckling strength of PFRP orthotropic plates with different fiber volume ratios. The local buckling analysis of pultruded compression members was conducted for various composite materials using the closed-form solution. From the study it was found that if E11/E22 is increased then the plate buckling coefficient, hence the plate buckling strength, is decreased.

In the water supply pipeline system, pipes made by cast iron, PE, PVC are generally used. However, the structural performance of these materials can be declined when used for long periodsof time because of corrosion, creep, deterioration of the material, etc. while glass fiber reinforced polymer plastics (GFRP) have many advantages such as light-weight, corrosion resistance, smooth surface, etc. For these reasons, GFRP pipes are good for construction when it is buried underground and are increasing trend in applying the water supply pipeline system. Therefore, more optimized structural design methodology should be developed. In this paper, we confirm pipe stiffness (PS) of GFRP pipe in which the pipe stiffness indicates the load-bearing performance. We compared data of parallel-plate loading test and theoretically predicted PS by the classical elasticity theory and the finite element method (FEM).

In the water supply pipeline system polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and ductile cast iron pipe are mostly used. However, they have some problems such as reduced durability due to material degradation, defects in connections, the pipelines breakage, and lack of continuous maintenance. Recently, research on durable and outstanding corrosion resistance glass fiber reinforced polymer plastic (GFRP) pipe is being actively conducted. GFRP is classified into the flexible pipe and when soil pressure and live load act on buried GFRP pipe, the load acting on the pipe is transferred to the surrounding soil. So, pipe will support the load with the surrounding soil. In this paper, to apply GFRP pipe for the water supply pipeline system, the structural reliability of GFRP water supply pipe buried underground should be investigated by examining the mechanical properties of GFRP pipe as well as the soundness of the pipe under buried state. The field test of buried pipe is conducted and the results are analyzed and discussed.

Pipe line for the water supply and/or drainage is one of the most important life lines which is usually suffered from the damage due to exterior load induced deformation and due to the lack of support resistance provided by the surrounding soil. GFRP (Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Plastic) pipes are generally thinner, lighter, but stronger than the existing concrete or steel pipes, and it is excellent in stiffness/strength per unit weight. In this study, we present the result of field test for buried RPMP (Reinforced Polymer Mortar Pipe) and RTRP (Reinforced Thermosetting Resin Pipe) pipes with 2,400mm diameter. The vertical and horizontal ring deflections are measured for 387 days. The ring deflection of RPMP and RTRP measured by the field test is compared with the ring deflection limitation (5%) according to ASTM D 2412.

This study was performed to develop a new process technology for advanced wastewater treatment using a modified Rotating Activated Bacillus Contactor (RABC) process that adopts anoxic-oxic suspended biomass tanks to enhance nutrients removal. A modified lab-scale RABC process was applied to examine its applicability and to obtain the design factors for the optimum operation of the system. The modified RABC process showed a little more stable and high nutrients removal efficiency than the prototype RABC process: about 70% of nitrogen and 55% of phosphorous removal when the low organic loading (influent COD 200mg/L). However, the processing efficiency of nutrients removal rates was enhanced to great extent when high organic loading: nitrogen 90% and phosphorous 85% (influent COD 500mg/L). High organic loading stimulated extremely good biomass attachment on the reticular carrier RABC stage and the excellent nutrients removal, nevertheless with almost no offensive odor.

The industrialization and urbanization forced to increase the density of pipelines such as water supply, sewers, and gas pipelines. The materials used for the existing pipe lines are mostly composed of concretes and steels, but it is true that the development for more durable and efficient materials has been continued performed to produce long lasting pipe lines. Recently, underground pipes serve in diverse applications such as sewer lines, drain lines, water mains, gas lines, telephone and electrical conduits, culverts, oil lines, etc. In this paper, we present the result of investigation pertaining to the structural behavior of unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC-U) flexible pipes buried underground. In the investigation of structural behavior such as a ring deflection, pipe stiffness, 4-point bending test, experimental and analytical studies are conducted. In addition, pipe stiffness is determined by the parallel plate loading tests and the finite element analysis. The difference between test and analysis is about 8% although there are significant variations in the mechanical properties of the pipe material. In addition, it was found by the 4-point bending test there is no problem in the connection between the pipes by coupler.

In this paper, we present the result of analytical investigation pertaining to the structural behavior of steel-concrete composite plate girder with arch-type web stiffener. In the arch-type web stiffener located in the compression side of web, infill concrete is cast to strengthen the arch-type stiffener and also to exert resisting force against compression force. This type of composite steel-concrete plate girder bridge is built and is in service. To understand the behavior thoroughly, analytical parametric study was conducted by using the finite element method. As a result it was found that the effect of arch-type stiffener with infill concrete is considerable for the design of such type composite girder bridge.

PEBAX[poly(ether-block-amide)는 열가소성인 탄소체로 부드럽고 유연한 폴리에테르와 단단한 폴리아마이드의 블록으로 이루어졌다. 두 compounds는 기체 분리막에 있어 필수적인 특성을 가지고 있다. 폴리에테르는 높은 투과도를 제공하고 폴리아마이드는 기계적 강도가 좋고 기체 선택성도 우수하다. GO(Graphene oxide)는 흑연으로부터 제조하여 재료의 습득이 용이할 뿐 아니라 기체투과에 선택적 배리어로서 작용한다. 본 연구에서는 GO에 열을 가한 뒤, 함량을 달리한 PEBAX-GO 복합막을 제조하고, 제조된 막의 물리화학적 특성, 기체투과도, 선택성에 대해 연구하였다.

Poly(ether-block-amide)(PEBA, PEBAX)는 열가소성 탄성체로서 분리 막 소재로 이용할 경우 우수한 기계적 특성, 선택도, 높은 투과도를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. Chitosan은 키틴에서 탈 아세틸화하여 얻은 불용성 고분자 물질로 Chitosan을 넣은 고분자막은 CO2의 막 투과도가 높아지는 특징이 있다. 본 실험에서는 복합 막을 제조하고 물리화학적 특성을 IR, XRD, TGA, SEM을 통하여 알아보았다. 기체 투과 실험은 국산 Sepra Tek사재 VPA-601을 사용하여 측정하였다. 기체투과실험은 3bar의 조건에서 온도별, 첨가된 고분자의 함량별로 행하였다.

In this paper, we present the result of investigations pertaining to the elastic buckling of simply supported columns with various cross-sectional dimensions but the same length and volume. In the investigations the accuracy of the analysis methods is studied and it was found that the result obtained by the successive approximations technique is the most accurate. In addition, the elastic buckling loads of columns with variable cross-section dimensions are obtained by the theoretical and numerical methods. From the results, it was found that the buckling loads obtained by the numerical methods are close to the buckling loads obtained by the successive approximations technique for the practical standpoints. Moreover, the buckling load of column with convexity in its middle is the highest while the buckling load of the tapered column is the lowest as expected.

건강기능식품 등 중 수용성 비타민 B군 (비타민 B1, 비타민 B2, 나이아신, 비타민 B6)의 동시분석 방법을 확립하기 위하여 본 연구를 실시하였다. HPLC에 의한 수용성 비타민 B군의 분석 방법은 기기분석조건을 확립하고, 국내외 시험법 및 논문을 참고하여 시험 데이터를 분석하였다. 수용성 비타민 B군의 HPLC 분석은 270 nm에서 Capcell Pak C18 UG 120 컬럼을 사용하여 진행되었다. 분석법 검증은 수용성 비타민 B군의 직선성, 정확성, 정량한계, 정밀성에 대해 수행되었다. 직선성은 비타민 B1, 비타민 B2,나이아신(nicotinic acid, nicotinamide), 비타민 B6 모두0.1~2 μm/mL의 농도범위에서 R2= 0.999 이상의 우수한 직선성을 확인할 수 있었다. 회수율을 검토한 결과, 비타민 B1 100~103%, 비타민 B2 104~112%, nicotinic acid 82~85%, nicotinamide 121~124%, 비타민 B6 95~104%의 양호한 회수율을 확인할 수 있었다. LOQ는 비타민 B1 0.04μm/mL, 비타민 B2 0.05 μm/mL, nicotinic acid 0.15 μm/ mL, nicotinamide 0.08 μm/mL, 비타민 B6 0.63 μm/mL 이었다. 정밀성을 검토한 결과, B1 0.4%, 비타민 B2 0.4%, nicotinic acid 0.5%, nicotinamide 0.7%, 비타민 B6 0.4% 로 1% 이내로 양호한 재현성을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 동시 분석법의 정확성을 검증하기 위하여 어린이 기호식품 및 건강기능식품의 표시함량 모니터링을 수행한 결과, 모두 표시기준에 적합함을 확인할 수 있었다.