Since the non-metric Multidimensional scaling (nMDS), a data visualization technique, provides with insights about engineering, economic, and scientific applications, it is widely used for analyzing large non-metric multidimensional data sets. The nMDS re

In this study, we propose a new method for generating candidate solutions based on both the Cauchy and the Gaussian probability distributions in order to use the merit of the solutions generated by these distributions. The Cauchy probability distribution

In this study, we propose a new method for generating candidate solutions based on both the Cauchy and the Gaussian probability distributions in order to use the merit of the solutions generated by these distributions. The Cauchy probability distribution has larger probability in the tail region than the Gaussian distribution. Thus, the Cauchy distribution can yield higher probabilities of generating candidate solutions of large-varied variables, which in turn has an advantage of searching wider area of variable space. On the contrary, the Gaussian distribution can yield higher probabilities of generating candidate solutions of small-varied variables, which in turn has an advantage of searching deeply smaller area of variable space. In order to compare and analyze the performance of the proposed method against the conventional method, we carried out experiments using benchmarking problems of real valued functions. From the result of the experiment, we found that the proposed method based on the Cauchy and the Gaussian distributions outperformed the conventional one for most of benchmarking problems, and verified its superiority by the statistical hypothesis test.

The costs of large computing facilities like data centers were dominated by the costs of the information technology (IT) equipment that they have in 1990s. As the indirect cost of IT has increased, Total Cost of Ownership(TCO) analysis is required to find the lifetime costs of acquiring, operating, and changing IT equipment. Nowadays, electricity-related costs such as the electrical power used by IT equipment and the facility costs associated with powering and cooling IT equipment has sharply grown. Nonetheless, those electricity-related costs have been underestimated up to now. In this paper, we will develop TCO model for a high performance computing data center and perform TCO analysis. We will also show that the trend towards growing electricity-related IT equipment costs continue, direct IT equipment acquisition costs will not be an critical factor of the economics of computing services.

전라남도 영광군 와탄천 지류에 서식하는 중형동물플랑크톤의 종조성과 풍부도, 요각류의 분포 및 환경과 관계를 조사하기 위하여 2006년 4월, 7월, 8월, 10월, 12월, 2007년 2월 6회에 걸쳐 총 8개의 정점에서 채집을 하였다. 조사 기간 동안 출현한 중형동물플랑크톤은 45개의 분류군으로 요각류는 29종, 지각류는 8종 등이 출현하였다. 우점하는 분류군 중 요각류는 2월에 13종으로 가장 많이 나타난 반면, 7월, 8월에는 4종으로 가장 적게

In continuous review inventory model, (Q, r) system, order quantity(Q) and reorder point(r) should be determined to calculate inventory-related cost that consists of setup, holding, and penalty costs. The procedure to obtain the exact value of Q and r is

전라남도 영광군 불갑천에 서식하는 동물 플랑크톤을 2006년 4월, 7월, 8월, 10월, 12월, 2007년 2월 6회에 걸쳐 총 5개의 정점에서 채집을 실시하였다 조사기간 동안 출현한 동물플랑크톤은 44개의 분류군이 나타났으며, 우점한 분류군은 요각류였다. 10월에는 31~53,230 indiv. m-3로 조사기간 동안 최고의 정점간 출현 개체수를 보였고, 12월에는 16~97 indiv. m-3로 출현한 개체수가

Most approaches for continuous review inventory problem need tables for loss function and cumulative standard normal distribution. Furthermore, it is time-consuming to calculate order quantity (Q) and reorder point (r) iteratively until required values ar

Objective & Methord : The aim of this study is to examine the effects of indirect moxibustion at the PC6(Naegwan) on normal human beings using power spectrum analysis. Electroencephalogram(EEG) power spectrum exhibits site-specific and state-related differences in various frequency bands. 8 channels EEG study was carried out in 10 subjects(3 females and 2 males). Result : Average value of alpha-wave is decreased significantly in moxa treatment group of real acupoint(PC6) comparing 'before' and 'during' , 'before' and 'after' of the experiment. In non-acupoint(near LU5) group, Average value of alpha-wave is decreased significantly comparing 'during' and 'after'. Alpha value of Both group was decreased according to the degree and the difference is rapid in 'during' - 'after' block. Compare the treat of real acupoint with non-acupoint, there was non significant difference. Conclusion: These results suggested that moxa treatment can revitalize normal human and the influence moxa treatment is more powerful then acupoint-nature. For these reason, usage of substitute moxa for acupuncture is not reasonable.

Over the last three decades, various disciplines of discourse analysis have shared a common interest in language use, especially in how people use real language. It is therefore of immediate interest to language teachers when selecting and devising teaching materials or when engaging learners in activities aimed at leading them to be more proficient users of their target language. This paper begins with outlining essential written discourse elements, such as grammatical and lexical cohesive devices, clause relations and larger text patterns which play important roles in syntactic and semantic cohesion and coherence in written texts. Then, the procedure of a written discourse analysis on a news text is described. The paper ends with a discussion on the insights from the written discourse analysis, which might be applicable, in specifiable ways, to language teaching, focusing on how to apply written discourse elements to teaching written English in real classrooms.

  Forming central warehouses for a number of stores can save costs in the continuous review inventory model due to economy of scale and information sharing. In this paper, transportation costs are included in this inventory model. Hence, the tradeoff betw

This paper demonstrates the findings of an investigation into Korean secondary school English teachers’ practices and perceptions regarding writing instruction. The research employs in-depth interviews with a small number of teachers to identify: (a) teachers’ practices of writing instruction and assessment in the classroom; (b) teachers’ perceptions of writing instruction; (c) teachers’ evaluation of students’ writing abilities; and (d) teachers’ concerns or problems in teaching of writing. The results indicate that there exist discrepancies among teachers’ practices, perceptions, the National Curriculum and the College Scholastic Ability Test (CSAT): the curriculum provides writing goals that are too high for students; teachers cannot help focusing on low-level features of writing mainly due to students’ poor writing ability; and teachers and students do not have an urgent necessity to teach and learn writing, since writing is not tested in the CSAT. The paper concludes by providing implications and suggestions for future development of writing instruction in the Korean secondary school English classroom.

A number of stores can save costs by forming a centralized inventory system. The number and location of centralized warehouses can be determined in minimizing total costs and then these cost reductions should be allocated fairly to each store. If no group of stores feel that they are paying to subsidize to the complementary set of stores, then that cost allocation is in core. That is, all stores become better off by forming a group. This study shows that there does not exist the core in some examples. Hence, we suggest a framework for the cost allocation both of the case in which the core exists and the core does not exist.