실험에서는 꽃송이버섯 (Sparassis crispa, formerly S. crispa) 에탄올 추출물의 소수성 분획을 분리하고 각 분획의 DPPH 항산화 활성과 위암 (AGS), 폐암 (A529), 간암 (HepG2) 세포주를 이용한 항암 활성을 MTT assay 를 통해 확인 하였다. SOCC를 사용하여 총 18개의 fraction으로 분획하였고 TLC와 세포주를 이용한 항암 활 성 확인을 통하여 5개의 fraction으로 압축하였다. 항암 활성이 높은 5개의 fraction은 HPLC-MS를 통해 각 분획 물을 분석한 결과 항산화 활성을 보이지 않았으며 약 181.0의 분자량을 가진 물질이 지표물질로 확인되었으므 로 이 물질의 화학식 동정을 위하여 추가실험이 필요하다. 세포주를 이용한 항암실험 결과 꽃송이버섯 추출물은 위 암 (AGS), 폐암 (A529), 간암 (HepG2) 세포주 모두에서 양성대조군인 paclitaxel보다 낮은 세포 생존율을 보여 주 었으며(IC50 value), 이것은 추후 꽃송이버섯 추출물에 포 함된 항암 물질 분리 연구를 위한 기초연구 결과로서 무 척 의미가 크다고 할 수 있다.

This study was carried out to compare the regional fishing gears and catches of the gape net with wings used in Jeonnam, Korea. The total length of the gear used in Yeosu, Wando and Jindo was 107.0m, 64.0m, 52.8m, and the size of codend was 4.3mm. 7.8mm. 9.8mm, respectively. The total number of bycatch species from anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) catches in Yeosu, Wando, and Jindo during the survey period were 21, 13, and 13 species. A total of individuals of anchovy accounted for over 90% out of total catches in all survey areas. The proportion of anchovy individuals was constantly high up to October in Yeosu, but it showed a sharp reduction to 18% in October in Wando with the increase of the individuals of Kammal thryssa (Thryssa kammalensis) and Big eyed herring (Sardinella zunasi). In Jindo, individuals of anchovy occupied over 99.8% out of total catches up to August. Since August, the number of individuals of Big eyed herring (Sardinella zunasi), Kammal thryssa (Thryssa kammalensis), and Slimy (Leiognathus nuchalis) has increased while the number of anchovy individuals were decreased.

In this study, we conducted field surveys to investigate and analyze species and length composition of catch from gape net with wings being set in two areas - Masari, Supomri - located in southern part of Jin-do for understanding fishing characteristics of gape net with wings fishery from March to September of 2011. And with those results, we attempted to propose fishery management strategy to harvest fisheries resources continuously. Catch obtained from field surveys comprised total 78 species, which accounted for 53 species of fish, 20 species of crustacean, 4 species of cephalopod and one of polychaete. As to species composition in weight, it showed that there was 88.5% for pisces, 9.0% for cephalopoda and 2.5% for crustacea. As to catch specifics by area, there was 36 species (596,891 individual, 456,551g) of pisces, 17 species (35,815 individual, 12,909g) of crustacea and 3 species (2,876 individual, 3,004g) of cephalopoda in Masari area. In Supumri area, there was 41 species (396,898 individual, 281,457g) of pisces, 15 species (16,113 individual, 7,772g) of crustacea and 4 species (6,792 individual, 72,329g) of cephalopoda and one polychaeta (36 individual, 11g). Catch of anchovy by month recorded on high level on June, July, September in both areas. When considering size composition by month, it was found that new populations recruit to these fishing grounds on June and September. Most of bycatch species including hairtail (Trichiurus lepturus), dotted gizzard shad (Konosirus punctatus), conger eel (Leptocephalous), Pacific sandlance (Ammodytes personatus), horse mackerel (Trachurus japonicus) were juvenile, and grass puffer (Takifugu niphobles), Kammal thryssa (Thryssa kammalensis), Japanese sardinella (Sardinella zunasi) were also small in size. As a result, it is considered that gape net with wings fishery which is likely to catch juvenile needs to be set fishing prohibit period for conserving above stocks during the period excluding main fishing periods of anchovy or fisheries management such as expanding mesh size for preventing juvenile catch.

제주도 내에서 서식하는 운문산반딧불이(Luciola unmunsana)의 분포현황, 출 현 시기 그리고 개체 크기에 대한 분석을 위해 2013년 6월부터 7월 초까지 총 12개 지점을 중심으로 조사를 실시하였다. 조사지역 중 한라산 지역은 한라산을 관통하 는 일부 국도를 중심으로 내부 산림지역을 조사하였으며 그 외 주요 오름(곶자왈) 은 내부 지역 전체를 조사하였다. 조사방법은 선조사법과 정점조사법을 병행하였 으며, 일부 개체는 채집하여 액침 보관하였다. 총 12개 지점 모두에서 운문산반딧 불이가 채집되었는데, 그 중 제주시 한경면 청수리, 제주시 조천읍 선흘리, 서귀포 시 남원읍 신례리 등지에서 오후 21시, 100m를 기준으로 각각 393, 141, 250마리를 나타냄에 따라 가장 높은 출현빈도로 기록되었다. 이는 국내 내륙지역의 주요 반딧 불이 출현 지역과 비교하여 보았을 때 국내 최대 반딧불이 서식지로 판단되며 이에 대한 보전대책이 필요할 것으로 보인다. 이들의 출현 기간은 6월 중순부터 시작하 여 6월 말경(6월 20~30일 사이)에 최고점을 나타내었으며 최종적으로 7월 중하순 까지 출현하는 것으로 나타나 내륙지역의 출현 시기보다 2-3주가량 늦게 출현하는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 본 연구에서 채집된 제주도 개체들은 전 개체가 운문산형으로 나타났으며, 앞날개길이(Elytral Length, EL)를 측정한 결과 5.16~6.91(5.91±0.48, n=48)mm로 측정되었다. 내륙의 개체들과 비교를 위해 3개 지역의 개체를 비교하였는데 부산 6.54~8.53(7.59±0.54, n=30)mm, 충북 옥천 6.52~8.40(7.47±0.52, n=30)mm 등으 로 나타나 제주도의 개체들이 내륙의 개체에 비해 현저히 작은 것으로 나타났으며 인천에서 채집된 파파리형 6.27~7.77(7.09±0.46, n=7)mm 보다도 작게 나타남에 따라 추후 분류학적 검토가 필요할 것으로 보인다.

In this study, an externally reinforced structural system for SMC(Sheet Molding Compound) panel water tank, designed according to the Japanese design code, is experimented to evaluate its seismic performance. The test tank is 3m long, 2m wide and 3m high, considering the capacity and size of the shaking table. The measured hydrodynamic pressures are found to be approximately 70% of the Japanese design code values. It may be partially due to the convex shape effect of the unit panels. The analytical results of externally reinforced system based on the measured dynamic water pressures are found in good agreement with the test results. If the design hydrodynamic pressures are estimated properly, the proposed analytical model for the externally reinforced water tank becomes a useful design tool and the Japanese design code is found to provide a safe design for the external frames of SMC panel water tank.

한국산 말벌과에 관한 그 간의 연구는 다수의 오류를 포함하는 과거의 정보들이 동정에 반복적으로 사용되고 있어 여러 가지 분류학적 혼란이 야기되고 있는 상황이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 그 동안의 말벌 연구들을 최종 정리하여 호리병벌아과를 제외하고 확정된 한국산 말벌과의 종 목록과 그들의 분포정보를 정리하여 제공하였다. 총 2아과 5속 30종(3아종 포함)의 말벌류와 쌍살벌류를 한반도산으로 확정하였으며, 그 중 말벌아과는 3속 18종, 쌍살벌아과는 2속 12종이다.

2001-2012까지 대구지역에서 119 구조대에 의한 사회성 말벌의 벌집제거 출동건수를 보면 총 11,948건으로 나타났으며 이 건수는 매년 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 특히 2008년 이후로 그 증가세가 급격하게 증가하였는데 2001년 147건에 비해 2012년에는 4,979건으로 약 34배 증가하였다. 이들 출동은 주로 7-9월에 가장 높게 나타내었는데 이는 벌집이 가장 성숙된 시기와 일치한다. 대구 내 상습 피해 지역은 12년 동안 북구 지역이 2,825건으로 가장 많은 신고건수를 나타내었으나 단위면적당으로 보면 남구 지역이 33.60으로 가장 높게 나타나 실질적인 피해가 가장 높은 지역으로 나타났다. 따라서 도시 내 말벌의 피해에 대한 방제 및 조절은 남구가 가장 우선적으로 그 대상지가 되어야 할 것이다. 대구 도심지에서 나타나는 말벌종은 13종으로 나타났으며 그중 왕바다리(Polistes rothneyi koreanus)가 집중적으로 피해를 일이키는 것으로 나타났으며 최근 아열대 침입종 등검은말벌(Vespa velutina nigrithorax)이 도시 내에서 그 분포를 늘려가고 있어 피해가 예상된다. 대구지역에서 말벌의 영소가 급격히 증가하는 원인은 도시 내 녹지대의 증가가 가장 큰 원인으로 생각되어지며, 그 외 영소 장소의 안전성, 도시 내 높은 온도에 따른 콜로니 발육 증대, 낮은 빈도의 포식 및 기생률 등으로 보여 진다.

This study is to find out the distribution characteristic of Octopus minor in the Tando Bay on the southwest coast of Korea with conducting surveys from May of 2006 to April of 2007. Surveys were carried out at 20 stations on 2 and 3 tide time in the low speed of high tide at night and conducted during 30minutes (4 times fishing) per station. Catch per unit effort (CPUE) was estimated by total catch per 500hooks at each station. Monthly CPUE showed that they put highest in October, November, April and June at 10.4, 10.5, 9.4 and 7.7 individuals respectively. On the other hand, CPUE put lowest in January, the coldest month, and August, the hottest month, at 0.2 and 0.3 individuals respectively. As for geographical mantle length distribution, average mantle length ranged from 6.2cm to 7.3cm at stations near the tidal channels (St. 1, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15, 18, 19 and 20), and was smaller than 6.0cm at stations located inside of bay (St. 2, 3, 7, 11, 12 and 17). In terms of geographical distribution density, CPUE showed higher than 8.0 at St.4 in Changmaeri, St.8 in Taecheonri, St.13 near Seondo, St.18 in Naeri and St.14 in western part of Tando which are located near the main tidal channels. And distribution density showed low that CPUE was lower than 5.0 individuals at stations located inside of bay (St. 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 11, 12, 16 and 20). Through the results, the difference of distribution density reflects that distribution of Octopus minor is affected by direction of current and inflow of pollutant from land in direct. Therefore, it is considered that bottom composition of tidal flat and distribution of live food are the crucial cause of identifying the distribution characteristics of Octopus minor. For this reason, it is judged to need additional research on it.

Reproductive ecology of the sharp toothed eel, Muraenesox cinereus was investigated based on the samples captured in southern Korean waters from January 2010 to December 2011. Gonadosomatic index began to increase in April, and reached maximum between July to August. After spawning it began to decrease from October. Reproductive season was estimated to April-September, with peak in July. Fecundity was proportional to the size of the female, with the clutch size varying from 56,000 eggs in the smallest female (anal length, 27.0cm) to 1,400,000 eggs in the largest (anal length, 49.5cm). Size at 50% sexual maturity (AL50), determined from mature females, were 21.9cm. Annual reproductive cycles of this species could be divided into four successive stages; immature stage (October-February), maturing stage (March-May), mature stage (June-August) and spent stage (August-October).

This study surveyed and compared the temperatures established in display stands and food surfaces for cold and frozen foods in large discount stores in Korea. The temperatures established in display stands for cold food ranged with 3.5 ± 1.8 ℃ as mean, minimum and maximum were 0 ℃ and 7 ℃ . However, the surface temperatures of cold food on sale ranged with 10.7 ± 2.9 ℃ as a mean, minimum 4.6 ℃ and maximum 18.4 ℃ . Totally, the surface temperature of cold food on sale was 7.2 ℃ , as a mean, higher than established in display stands for cold food in large discount stores in Korea. 53% of the surveyed cold foods were more than 10 ℃ in surface temperature and only 47% was less than 10 ℃ . The differences between temperatures were lowest in fruits, salads and vegetables, but highest in milk products. On the other hand, the temperatures established in display stands for frozen food showed a range with −20.7 ± 1 ℃ as a mean. However, the surface temperatures of frozen food on sale showed a range with −15.4 ±5 ℃ as a mean, minimum −28 ℃ and maximum −4.6 ℃ (included defrosting). The surface temperatures of frozen food,frozen meats, frozen processed foods and ice creams were −13.8 ℃ , −15.9 ℃ , and −16.8 ℃ , respectively. Only 32.3%of surveyed frozen foods showed less than −18 ℃ in surface temperature. In conclusion, the temperatures established on cold and frozen food display stands were less than those of cold and frozen food surfaces on sale. There was also much variation in food surface temperatures during cold and frozen food storage and sales. Therefore, a temperature management system technology use at the distribution level for cold and frozen foods will be developed.

Bruce Nauman committed himself to installation art works for 4 to 5 years around 1970 by making a corridor along the walls with some added devices like CCTV, lightings and mirrors including "Live-Taped Video Corridor." Nauman was able to control viewers' movement at his will by creating narrow corridors along the walls in these installation works. In these works, the walls, cameras and closed circuits in TV monitors control the viewing mode by changing the space and influencing viewers' perception of the space. In this system, Nauman discovered a possibility to create a new representation of space, that is, the attribute of 'surveillance' and to manipulate time and space. Nauman's installed corridors offer 'virtual reality' and enable the viewers to directly experience new possibilities of art, creating new mode of reception. Nauman's corridors are a little different from general surveillance situations as they interrupt and deconstruct visual compositions and images to some degree to make us see things 'differently.' Exposure to unexpected strange situations stimulates anxiety, creates the sense of lacking and imperfection between the subject and the object in the corridors, and deprives the rights as a subject of the subject of seeing.One of the important recurrent themes in his installation works is to make the viewers focus on their own senses so that they can feel their own perception processes. Creating disparities between what the viewers perceive in the corridors and the reality is the way to reveal the perception processes in the corridor installation works.A series of Nauman's Corridor installation works rendered an opportunity to establish him as an artist through performances and performing arts in videotapes, and are considered a critical art work in its pursuit of the meaning of art in the midst of confusion in the world of art at that time. While his works before 1970 could not distinguish themselves from other artists' works, the space of 'corridor' became a footing for him to etablish himself as an artist.

Species composition of fishes and the recruitment properties of jack mackerel, Trachurus japonicus, in the waters around the Geumo Islands in the mid-South Sea were investigated by using both sides fyke nets every month from February to December 2010. During study period, a total of 30,503 fishes (1,380.4 kg) were collected and classified into 2 classes, 16 orders, 61 families and 121 species. The dominant species was jack mackerel occupying 80.5% of total individuals and 44.4% of total biomass. The fork length range of jack mackerel was 5.5-26.8 cm and individuals about 6 cm was appeared only in the middle and southern area of the Geumo Islands in May. The new recruitment of jack mackerel appeared from May in the waters around the Geumo Islands is probably caused by the warm water intrusion associated with the development of stratification due to the extinction of seasonal coastal cold waters by the increase of solar radiation heat. Furthermore, the jack mackerels less than 6 cm recruiting in the mid-South Sea in spring were considered as mixed ones by individuals spawned in the East China Sea and in the waters around the Jeju Island considering the collected time, migration period and spawning time of them.

탈지미강으로부터 피틴산을 추출 및 정제하기 위한 최적조건을 설정하였다. 탈지미강을 10배수의 0.5% HCl 용액으로 1시간 처리하였을 때 피틴산의 추출효율이 가장 좋았으며 중화제로는 0.5% NaOH 용액이 적합하였다. 피틴산의 정제를 위하여 Diaion HP20 흡착 컬럼을 이용하여 불순물을 제거한 후 여러 가지 이온교환수지를 이용하여 피틴산을 정제하였을 때 Amberlite IRA-416 이온교환수지의 회수율이 가장 높았다. Amberlite IRA-416 이온교환수지를 이용하여 피틴산을 수지에 흡착시킨 다음 0.5% NaOH 용액으로 용출시켰을 경우 89%의 회수율을 나타내었다. 정제된 피틴산의 총단백질 함량은 0.14%(w/w)로 대부분의 단백질이 제거됨을 확인하였다.

This study is to contribute to income growth of fishermen by the common octopus fishery characterized in the Tando Bay on the southwest coast of Korea. This area is engaged in Longline fishing (301 persons), Shovel fishing (196 persons), Trap fishing (14 persons) and Torch light fishing (40 persons) in 2008. Population who is joined in the spring becomes main fishery target population of longline fishery in the fall because entering fishing ground in August, and is joined in the fall becomes main fishery target population of longline fishery in the spring because entering fishing ground in December. Average size of common octopus examined by longline 6.26cm, 5.82cm for Shovel fishing, 8.09cm for trap, and expressed big difference by fishery. It needs necessary various kinds of Octopus resource management actions and methods in continuous use. Specially, Fishing force increased by fishing automation system, so the reduction of fishing force is needed to increased by fishing force. Government support and fishermen's self-conscious of resource management is needed.

This study developed the pressure measurement monitoring system named VIP-2000 for monitoring a pressure of ullage space in cargo tank. VIP-2000 is designed in compliance with IMO(international maritime organization) SOLAS 74, Chap. II-2 Req. 59. IMO is providing the establishment of a pressure measurement equipment for secure the stability from vacuum or the overpressure that caused by in breakdown of the P/V valve. VIP-2000 operates the early warning of the visible and audibility in dangerous situation of cargo tank. In order to evaluate the performance of VIP-2000, the pressure measurement experiments have been conducted.

Characteristics of age and growth of the black rockfish, Sebastes inermis sampled in the Jeonnam Marine Ranching Area (JMRA) around Geumo Islands south of Yeosu were investigated using 642 otoliths from March 2009 to February 2010. The opaque zone was formed in September once a year and hence it was used as an annulus. The parturient period was December to January, and therefore the duration from fertilization to the complete formation of the opaque zone was nineteen months. From the parameters calculated using the average length when the year ring was formed, growth of S. inermis were expressed by von Bertalanffy growth equation as Lt=23.267 (1-e-0.4406(t+1.1971)) for females and Lt=22.030 (1-e-0.5312(t+0.6834)) for males when is total length in age t. Through the growth equations, the maximum length was determined as 23.27cm for females and 22.03cm for males and the growth factor as 0.4406/yr and 0.5312/yr, respectively. Finally, the growth of female S. inermis is larger than the one of male S. inermis.

본 연구는 그동안 영화, 텔레비전, 만화, 잡지, 광고 등 각 분야에서 이루어졌던 미디어 폭력물 연구를 이용자 제작콘텐츠로 확장하고자 하는 문제의식에서 출발하였다. 여러 형태의 이용자 제작콘텐츠 중 제작과 유포가 용의하고 누구나 여러 인터넷 게시판을 통해 쉽게 접근이 가능한 웹툰을 중심으로 하여, 폭력물 연구의 초석을 다지고자 내용분석을 통해 폭력성의 수위를 객관적으로 점검해보았다. 웹툰의 경우 포털사이트에서 고료를 지급받는 전문적 작가진에 의해 서비스되는 웹툰과 다양한 커뮤니티 게시판 등에서 일반 이용자들이 자유롭게 제작하고 유포하는 웹툰이 구분될 수 있어, 제작 주체 간 웹툰의 폭력성에 차이가 보일 것으로 예상하였다. 분석은 영화와 텔레비전 폭력물의 내용분석에서 사용된 PAT단위 분석을 통해 진행되었다. 분석결과, 폭력적 행위가 묘사된 웹툰은 표집 대상의 60%정도로 나타났다. 한편, 폭력 연구에서 최근 주목 받기 시작한 언어적 폭력이 웹툰에서는 물리적 폭력만큼이나 높은 빈도를 나타내는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 또한 웹툰의 폭력성에 대한 기준이 마련되어 있지 않지만, 텔레비전의 폭력성을 연구한 기존의 연구에 비추어보아, 그 심각성이 간과할 수 없는 수준임이 밝혀졌다. 제작주체별로 웹툰의 폭력성 빈도와 강도, 맥락적 요인에서 차이점이 존재함을 확인하였다.

Hexagonal barium ferrite () nano-particles have been successfully fabricated by spraypylorysis process. precursor solutions were synthesized by self-assembly method. Diethyleneamine (DEA) surfactant was used to fabricate the micelle structure of Ba-DEA complex under various DEA concentrations. powders were synthesized with addition of Fe ions to Ba-DEA complex and then fabricated powders by spray-pyrolysis process at the temperature range of . The molar ratio of Ba/DEA and heat-treatment temperatures significantly affected the magnetic properties and morphology of powders. powders synthesized with Ba/DEA molar ratio of 1 and heat-treated at showed the coercive forces (iHc) of 4.2 kOe with average crystal size of about 100 nm.

This study was conducted to investigate the quality characteristics of the natural dishwashing liquid added with the mixture extracts of Curcuma Longa L. (CL), Morus alba (MA) and Ecklonia cava (EC) at various concentrations. The pH and lightness of the natural dishwashing liquid were reduced by adding the mixture extracts, while the turbidity was increased. The natural dish washing liquid added with mixture extracts was shown to display strong antimicrobial activities against L. monocytogenes compared to that of control. Also, it revealed that antioxidant activity was increased depending on concentrations. However, natural dishwashing liquid added with mixture extracts showed the low detergency efficiency. In sensory evaluation, the natural dishwashing liquid containing CL 0.5%, MA 0.25% and EC 0.25% was preferred than the control and it showed negative result in skin patch test. These results suggest that the addition of CL 0.5%, MA 0.25% and EC 0.25% positively improved the qualities characteristics in the natural dish washing liquid.