Korean Sophora japonica has been found to posses an anti-inflammatory activity. In this study, Korean Sophora japonica extract, rutin, was used to know whether rutin inhibits to produce inflammatory mediators NO and TNF-α from the mouse peritoneal macrophages that were treated an inflammatory agent LPS. The rutin-1 hr pretreated macrophages were incubated with LPS for 0.5~5 hrs, and then collected the supernatant and the cell lysate for measurements of the level of iNOS, NO, TNF-α mRNA, TNF-α, and p-NF-kB. Minimal and maximal effective doses of the rutin on them were 1 and 100μg/ml, respectively. The maximal effective dose of rutin certainly inhibted the productions of iNOS, NO, TNF-α mRNA, TNF-αand p-NF-kB from the LPS-treated macrophages (p〈0.0001). Its ED50 for inhibition of TNF-α mRNA and p-NF-kB was 5μg/ml, and for iNOS, NO, and TNF-α was 10μg/ml. The rutin did not have any cytotoxic effect. As the results, the Sophora japonica rutin could be a good candidate for an anti-inflammatory action.

Micropollutants, which can be caused by imperfect combustion, are toxic chemical compound that flows into the river system after being contained in road runoff, a non-point source pollutant and accumulates in the body. The micropollutants that have characteristics such as toxicity, persistence, bio-accumulation, long-range transportation behave so similarly to micro particles that they can be removed by means of filtration or absorption. This study has examined the kinds and concentrations of micropollutants contained in deposited road particles. It has revealed that the kinds of micropollutants contained in the clarified supernatant liquid of deposited road particles are heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) composed of two or three benzene rings, including naphthalene and acenaphthalene. Their concentrations have been shown to be low, with 0.418 mg/L, 0.058 mg/L, 0.104 mg/L, 0.014 mg/L, 0.00075 mg/L for Zn, Pb, Cu, Cr, Cd, respectively and 0.00156 mg/L and 0.00184 mg/L for naphthalene and acenaphthalene.

Manufactures of automotive repair finishes are tending to reduce more and more the level of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in their paint processes in order to comply with increasingly strict environmental legislation. The production of high solids paints is a way to solve this problem. However, the application of high-solids paints is limited primarily by the viscosity of resin which is strongly related to painting ability: the higher solid content, the lower desired property. In this study, alkyl copolymer with low viscosity was synthesized by the introduction of the monomers with long-side chains and functional groups which improve flexibility and cross-linking density, respectively. The solid content of the paint prepared with the synthesized resin was 80 wt% and its VOCs was reduced by 20%, compared to the commercialized paint. Also, the physical and mechanical properties of coatings on steel sheets were similar to commercialized one.

The objectives of this study have been carried out to investigate the solubilization of municipal sewage sludge by single and dual frequency ultrasonic pretreatment, and the methane production characteristics of pretreated sewage sludge by specific methanogenic activity test for sewage sludge reduction. The waste activated sludge was collected from thickened tank of Suyoung sewage treatment plant in Busan city, and its concentration was adjusted to 1.0% total solids. Ultrasonic frequency was varied 15, 20, 15+20 kHz, and acoustic density was used a maximum 176W/L. The dual frequency ultrasonic pretreatment was found to be more effective than single frequency ultrasonic in the solubilization rate and methane production. The SCODCr/TCODCr rate were 15.2%, 13.9%, 17.0% with single frequency of 15 kHz, 20 kHz, dual frequency of 15+20 kHz, respectively. The application of dual frequency ultrasound for sewage sludge pretreatment can be interest for sewage treatment plants having problems in sludge treatment and disposal.

한국산 겨우살이 (Viscum album L)는 면역조절작용이 있음이 밝혀졌다. 본 연구에서 한국산 겨우살이 열탕추출물 M11C (non-lectin components)가 비장세포를 활성화시켜 IL-1β를 생산 분비하게 하는지를 조사하였다. 비장세포를 M11C로 자극한 후, 배양액을 수집 혹은 세포 용해물을 수거해 IL-1β 분비와 전사량을 ELISA, immunoblotting, RT-PCR로 검사했었다. 비장세포로부터 IL-1β 분비와 전사 효과에 있어서 M11C는 농도 의존성과 자극시간 의존성을 보였다. 비장세포로부터 최대의 IL-1β 분비를 위한 M11C의 최대의 농도와 자극시간은 각각 200μg/ml와 8시간 이었다. 그리고 최대 IL-1β mRNA 전사를 위한 M11C의 최대의 농도와 자극시간은 각각 200μg/ml와 4시간 이었다. 최대의 전사시간은 최대의 분비시간보다 4시간 빨리 도달된 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 최대의 IL-1β 분비효과가 당분해효소인 Viscozyme L에 의해 완전히 저해되었다. 이는 M11C (non-lectin components)의 구성물질 들 중 다당체 혹은 올리고당들이 IL-1β 생산 분비를 유도하는 주된 물질임을 말해주고 있다.

한국산 겨우살이 (Viscum album)는 면역 활성효과와 항암효과가 있다는 것으로 잘 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 한국산 겨우살이 추출물 M11C (비렉틴 구성물질)가 사람의 말초혈액 단구를 활성화시켜 tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)를 생산 분비하게 하는지를 규명하기 위해 실험에 이용되었다. 단구로부터 TNF-α의 생산에 있어 M11C의 효과를 알기 위해 단구를 여러 농도 (0-2000μg/ml)의 M11C로 0.5-24시간 동안 자극한 후 배양액 MCM을 수거했다. 수거한 배양액 MCM을 TNF-α에 민감한 L929 세포에 첨가한 후 L929 세포의 독성 정도를 MTT 기법으로 검사하였는데, 배양액 MCM이 L929 독성효과를 가졌으며, 이 MCM의 L929 세포 독성효과는 TNF-α 항체에 의해 거의 완전하게 억제되었다. 이러한 결과는 배양액 MCM에 TNF-α가 존재함을 지적했으며, 또한 M11C가 단구를 자극해 TNF-α를 생산하리라고 암시했었다. 이러한 암시를 확인하기 위해 immunoblotting 기법을 사용해 배양액 MCM에 존재하는 TNF-α을 검사를 수행했다. 검사결과 배양액 MCM에 많은 량의 TNF-α가 검출되었다. 이러한 TNF-α 검출량은 단구를 자극한 M11C의 농도와 자극시간에 비례해서 증가했다. 즉, 단구로부터 TNF-α의 생산 분비량은 M11C의 농도와 자극시간에 의존적이었다. 이러한 M11C의 농도와 자극시간의 의존적 효과는 단구로부터 TNF-α mRNA 발현에도 같은 경향을 보였다. 결론적으로 한국산 겨우살이로부터 열탕 추출한 M11C가 면역활성제로 작용할 수 있음을 시사함과 동시에 한방탕제로 사용되는 한국산 겨우살이가 면역학적 효능을 가지고 있음을 말해주고 있다.

This paper analyzes the separation efficiency of vehicles mat residual product, and caloric value, element analysis and heavy metal of separated PE & PVC mat residual product. A results of separation efficiency, fiber fraction of PE & PVC mat residual product was analyzed 71.9% and 18.6%, respectively. Caloric value of PE & PVC mat residual product was analyzed 3,894kcal/kg and 10,203kcal/kg, respectively. A results of element analysis, main component of PVC mat were carbon(33.2%) and oxygen(21.0%), and main component of PE mat fiber were carbon(75.4), hydrogen(11.3%) and oxygen(9.1%). Lead and cadmium concentration of PVC powder was detected 98.9mg/kg and 19.8mg/kg, but Lead and cadmium concentration of fiber was detected 15.7mg/kg and 6.1mg/kg.

This study has been conducted to optimum operating conditions for effective acid fermentation according to OLR(organic loading rate) in the mesophilic and thermophilic acid fermentation process. The results are summarized as follows. In order to obtain reasonable acid fermentation efficiency in performing acid fermentation of food wastes in thermophilic condition, organic loading rate was required below 20 gVS/L.d. As SCODCr/TKN, SCODCr/T-P of thermophilic acid fermented food wastes in organic loading rate 20 gVS/L.d were 18.9, 73.4 respectively, it was possible to utilize as external carbon source for denitrification in sewage treatment plant after solid-liquid separation as well as co-digestion of fermented food wastes and sewage sludge.

This study has been conducted to investigate biodegradation characteristics and optimum mixing ratio for co-digestion with thermophilic acid-fermented food waste and sewage sludge using batch anaerobic digester. As the basis operating conditions for anaerobic digestion, the reaction temperature was controlled 35±1℃ and stirrer was set 70rpm. Thermophilic acid-fermented food waste and sewage sludge were mixed at the ratio of 10:0, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7, 0:10 and 5;5(food waste : sewage sludge) as the influent substrates. In results of co-digestion according to mixing ratio of thermophilic fermented food wastes and sewage sludge in batch mesophilic anaerobic digestion reactor, 385mL CH4/g VSadded of methane production rate at 1:1 mixing ratio was more than that of any other mixing ratios. Compared with 293mL CH4/g VSadded of methane production rate at 1:1 mixing ratio of food wastes and sewage sludge, pretreatment of food wastes by thermophilic acid fermentation was more effective in co-digestion with sewage sludge.