급격한 과학기술의 발전으로 미세먼지 배출량이 증가함에 따라 대기오염은 심각한 환경·사회 문제로 꾸준히 대두되고 있고, 이에 따 라 미세먼지 증가로 인한 질병 및 이상기후 증가로 인한 도로이동원에서의 교통사고 발생률 등의 문제점이 증가할 수 있다. 이를 해 결하기 위해 미세먼지 저감을 목적으로 건설분야에서 널리 사용되고 있는 광촉매 물질인 TiO2를 콘크리트의 광촉매 반응을 증가시키 고 광원의 효율적 이용을 위한 방안으로 투수콘크리트에 적용한 TiO2를 혼입한 투수콘크리트 포장 기술개발 기초 연구를 진행하였다. 실험결과, TiO2\혼입에 따른 투수콘크리트의 압축강도의 변화는 영향을 미치지 않는 미미한 수준으로 나타났다. TiO2를 혼입한 투수 콘크리트를 도로이동원에 적용하기 위해서는 동결융해 저항성 등 내구특성 및 미세먼지 저감 성능 등의 추가적인 실험이 필요할 것으 로 판단된다.

토석 채취 후 식생복구지의 토양 특성은 복구 식생의 생육에 중요하다. 본 연구는 토석 채취 후 식생복구지와 인접 소나무 및 굴참나무 임분을 대상으로 0∼10cm, 10∼20cm, 20∼30cm 깊이에 토양의 물리·화학적 특성을 조사하였다. 토양용적밀도와 토양 pH는 식생복구지가 소나무나 굴참나무 임분에 비해 유의적으로 높았으나(P<0.05), 유기탄소와 전질소농도는 인접 산림지에 비해 낮았다. 유효 인은 0~10cm 깊이에서 식생복구지 와 산림지 간 유의적인 차이가 없었으나, 교환성 칼슘은 식생복구지가 인접 산림지에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 토양 유기 탄소저장량은 식생복구지가 9,896 kg C ha-1로 소나무 임분 131,368 kg C ha-1나 굴참나무 임분 154,381 kg C ha-1에 비해 유의적으로 낮았으며 질소저장량도(식 생복구지: 2,406 kg N ha-1; 소나무: 10,496 kg N ha-1; 굴참나무: 8,081 kg N ha-1) 유사한 경향을 보였다. 그러나 인, 포타슘, 마그네슘 저장량은 식생복구지와 인접 산림 간 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 한편, 칼슘저장량은 식생복구지가 8,998 kg Ca ha-1로 소나무 임분 697 kg Ca ha-1나 굴참나무 임분 660 kg Ca ha-1에 비해 유의적으로 크게 나타났다. 본 연구 결과에 따르면 토석 채취 후 식생복구지는 토양용적밀도와 토양 pH를 낮추고 유기물의 증가와 질소 시비 같은 양분관리가 필요한 것으로 나타났다.

본 연구의 목적은 컨테이너 육묘 시스템을 활용한 참외 접목 묘의 안정적인 생산 가능성을 평가하는 것이었다. 이를 위해, 컨테이너 육묘 시스템과 고온 조건의 플라스틱 온실에서 육묘 한 접수와 대목, 접목묘의 생육을 비교 분석하였다. 접목활착 후 육묘 환경에 따른 참외 접목묘의 생육과 묘소질을 0일, 4일, 7일, 11일, 14일째에 비교하였다. 컨테이너 육묘 시스템에서 는 주야간 온도를 25/20°C, 상대습도를 70%로 설정하여 재 배기간 동안 안정적으로 유지하였으며, 플라스틱 온실 내의 주야간 평균온도는 28.1/15.4°C로 주야간 온도차(DIF)가 더 크게 나타났다. 조사기간 동안 참외 접목묘의 초장은 플라스 틱 온실 육묘 처리구에서 컨테이너 육묘 시스템 처리구보다 더 길게 나타났다. 참외 접목묘 조직의 충실도는 지상부 건물 중을 초장으로 나누어 계산하였다. 육묘장에서 접목한 묘는 접목 후 7－10일 경과하여 활착이 완료되고 초장이 10cm 내 외일 때 출하하여 정식에 이용되게 된다. 본 연구에서 접목활 착 후 7일째에 컨테이너 육묘 시스템에서 재배된 묘의 충실도 는 44.9±2.64mg/cm으로 나타났으며, 플라스틱 온실 육묘 처 리구에서는 24.4±1.56mg/cm로 나타났다. SPAD 평균은 플 라스틱 온실 육묘에서 30.5, 컨테이너 육묘 시스템에서 41.1 로 측정되었다. 이러한 결과는 컨테이너 육묘 시스템의 활용 이 고온기 또는 저일조 시기와 같은 육묘 환경에서도 고품질 모종을 안정적으로 생산할 수 있는 것을 확인하였고, 인공광 을 이용한 육묘 시스템의 활용 범위가 앞으로 더 확대될 것으 로 기대된다.

To produce super sweet corn sikhye, substituted for sweetener, the ratio of rice and super sweet corn was adjusted and processed with complex enzymes during saccharification, and their physicochemical and sensory properties were analyzed. The soluble solid content of the control and Corn-5 showed significantly high content at 13.50 °Brix, and the reducing sugar content of Corn-5 showed the highest content at 9.45%. The control showed the lowest free sugar content among all the experimental groups, excluding maltose content. In the enzyme-treated corn sikhye group, as the amount of super sweet corn increased, the content of sucrose decreased and the contents of glucose and fructose increased. The content of ascorbic acid and polyphenol compounds increased as the amount of super sweet corn increased. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging abilities increased with increasing ratio of super sweet corn and enzyme treatment compared to the control. In the case of sensory evaluation, Corn-3, which substituted 30% of super sweet corn for rice and treated with enzymes, showed higher evaluations in taste, sweetness, and overall preference than those of the control.

황해는 지정학적으로 한국, 중국, 북한 사이 해역에 위치하고 있으며, 최근 해양공간 이용이 확대되어 사회적·경제적 가치가 증가하고 있다. 또한 기후변화로 인한 해양환경 변화, 대기오염물질 이동 등 한·중 공동 대응 및 협력의 필요성이 증가되고 있다. 본 연구 에서는 황해(Yellow Sea) 키워드의 연구논문을 대상으로 핵심주제(Topic)을 도출하고, 저자 네트워크 분석을 수행하여 연구동향을 탐색하 였다. 연구대상으로 1984년부터 2021년 사이에 게재된 Web of Science DataBase의 황해 관련 연구논문을 추출하고, 한중 어업협정, 해양환 경공동조사 등 한국과 중국의 주요 이벤트를 중심으로 4개의 시기로 구분하였다. 연구방법으로 텍스트 마이닝(Text Mining)의 일종인 토픽 모델링(Topic Modeling)을 활용하여 Topic을 도출하였다. 또한 저자 네트워크를 분석하여 해당 분야의 주요 연구 그룹(Community)과 연구자 및 연구기관의 영향력을 파악하고 시사점을 제시하였다. 분석결과 황해 연구논문의 핵심주제는 1기 퇴적물, 해양생물, 2기 산성화, 미세먼 지, 3기 수산양식, 지진, 4기 탄소요인, 해양생태계 등으로 변화하였고, 시기별로 핵심 연구자를 중심의 연구자 그룹이 증가하였다. 연구결 과를 토대로 황해 관련 연구 동향과 주요 연구자 및 연구기관을 파악함으로써 향후 한국과 중국 간의 황해 연구협력에 기여하고자 한다.

To improve usability of super sweet corn, extracts were prepared with hydrolytic enzyme and changes in physicochemical and antioxidant properties were analyzed. Soluble solids and reducing sugars contents were higher in all enzyme treatment groups than in the control. When enzyme treatment time increased, contents of soluble solids and reducing sugars were also increased. There was no significant difference in lightness between treatment groups, with redness showing the highest value in the control and yellowness showing the highest value in the invertase treatment group. Free sugar content in the control was the lowest. However free sugar content in the enzyme combination treatment group was increased by more than four times compared to that in the control. Contents of ascorbic acid, flavonoids and polyphenols were higher in the enzyme treatment group than in the control. In particular, the enzyme combination treatment group showed the highest content. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging abilities were significantly higher in all enzyme treatment groups than in the control. Radical scavenging abilities of cellulase treatment group and enzyme combination treatment group showed high activity. The activity increased when enzyme treatment time increased. The combined enzyme treatment method for super sweet corn was suitable for food processing.

Highly safe lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are required for large-scale applications such as electrical vehicles and energy storage systems. A highly stable cathode is essential for the development of safe LIBs. LiFePO4 is one of the most stable cathodes because of its stable structure and strong bonding between P and O. However, it has a lower energy density than lithium transition metal oxides. To investigate the high energy density of phosphate materials, vanadium phosphates were investigated. Vanadium enables multiple redox reactions as well as high redox potentials. LiVPO4O has two redox reactions (V5+/V4+/V3+) but low electrochemical activity. In this study, LiVPO4O is doped with fluorine to improve its electrochemical activity and increase its operational redox potential. With increasing fluorine content in LiVPO4O1-xFx, the local vanadium structure changed as the vanadium oxidation state changed. In addition, the operating potential increased with increasing fluorine content. Thus, it was confirmed that fluorine doping leads to a strong inductive effect and high operating voltage, which helps improve the energy density of the cathode materials.

Tomato is one of the major widely cultivated crops around the world. The leaf area is directly related to the total amount of photosynthesis, which affects the yield and quality of the fruit. Traditional methods of measuring the leaf area are time-consuming and can cause damage to the leaves. To address these problems, various studies are being conducted for measuring the leaf area. In this study, we introduced a model to estimate the leaf area using images of tomatoes. Using images captured by a camera, we measured the leaf length and width and used linear regression analysis to derive the leaf area estimation formula. Furthermore, we used a Neural Network (NN) for additional analysis to compare the accuracy of the models. Initially, to verify the reliability of the image data, we conducted a correlation analysis between the actual measurement data and the image data, which showed a high positive correlation. The leaf area estimation model presented 23 estimation formulas. We used regression analysis to estimate the coefficients of each model and also used employed an artificial neural network analysis to derive high R-squared (R2) values and low Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values. Among the estimation formulas, the ninth model showed the highest reliability with an R-squared value of 0.863. We conducted a verification experiment to confirm the accuracy of the selected model, and the R-squared value was 0.925. This study confirmed the reliability of data measured from images and the reliability of the leaf area estimation model using image data. These methods are expected to be an important tool in agriculture, using imaging equipment for measuring and monitoring the crop growth.

Dried apple jeonggwa, a traditional Korean dessert, was made using various apple varieties, such as Jonathan, Fuji, and Hongro. After making the dried apple jeonggwa, the physical and sensory properties of the dessert made using different apple varieties were compared. The apple varieties had no differences in moisture content, weight loss, or sugar content. Chromacity differences were observed depending on the varieties, but E was small. Hardness was highest in Jonathan, while resilience was highest in Fuji, but there was no significant difference in hardness. In the sensory evaluation, appearance, color, sweetness, hardness, chewiness, and overall acceptability were highest in Jonathan, while there was no substantial difference among the varieties in terms of flavor, sourness, or adhesiveness.

As discarded fishing gear settles or floats on the seabed, it destroys the spawning and habitat of fisheries resources that causes various safety accidents and adverse effects on the environment, such as generating microplastics and causing ship accidents. In order to solve this problem, this study is intended to present an implementation plan for establishing a fishing gear deposit system in order to use it as basic data for establishing policies for fishing gear management in Korea. In order to successfully implement the fishing gear deposit system, the deposit system must be established in the form of fishing gear completed at the production stage. It was found that the marking of the object should be easy, and that determining an appropriate deposit amount to motivate the return of waste fishing gear and establishing a convenient return procedure for returned waste fishing gear were important factors. In addition, transparent management of unreturned deposits and mandatory use of fishing gear subject to the deposit system for fishermen will be necessary. The role of a specialized organization to manage and operate all of these procedures is also very important. It is necessary to establish a new mandatory provision in the Fisheries Act to require fishermen who directly use fishing gear to use fishing gear with a deposit refund mark, and to ensure the implementation of the deposit system by linking it with the evaluation items of government policy projects. Since the main purpose of the deposit system is to collect discarded fishing gear, a support plan will be necessary in accordance with the purchase project for fishing waste salvaged by local governments in 2020.

The aging fishery training vessels from the past have mostly been decommissioned, and many universities are introducing state-of-the-art large fishery training vessels. The purpose of these training vessels is to train marine professionals and above all, safety to prevent marine accidents should be of utmost priority as many students embark on the vessel. This study estimated the impact of the hydrodynamic interaction forces acting on the model vessel (fishery training vessel) from the bank when the vessel pass near the semi-circle bank wall in various conditions through the numerical calculation, especially concerning maneuvering motions of the vessel. For estimation, variables were mainly set as the size of the semi-circle shape, the lateral distance between the bank and the model vessel, and the depth near the bank. As a result, it was estimated that, in order for the model vessel to safely pass the semi-circle bank wall at a speed of 4 knots, the water depth to the vessel draft ratio should be 1.5 or more (approximately 8 m of water depth), and the lateral distance from the semi-circle bank wall should be 0.4 times the model vessel’s length    or more (a distance of 34 m or more). Under these conditions, it was expected that the model vessel would pass without significantly being affected by the bank wall.

Tomatoes in greenhouse are a widely cultivated horticultural crop worldwide, accounting for high production and production value. When greenhouse ventilation is minimized during low temperature periods, CO2 enrichment is often used to increase tomato photosynthetic rate and yield. Plant-induced electrical signal (PIES) can be used as a technology to monitor changes in the biological response of crops due to environmental changes by using the principle of measuring the resistance value, or impedance, within the crop. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between tomato growth data, vital response, and PIES resulting from CO2 enrichment in greenhouse tomatoes. The growth of tomato treated with CO2 enrichment in the morning was significantly better in all items except stem diameter compared to the control, and PIES values were also higher. The growth of tomato continuously applied with CO2 was better in the treatment groups than control, and there was no significant difference in chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthesis. However, PIES and SPAD values were higher in the CO2 treatment group than control. CO2 enrichment have a direct relationship with PIES, growth increased, and transpiration increased due to the increased leaf area, resulting in increased water absorption, which appears to be reflected in PIES, which measures vascular impedance. Through this, this study suggests that PIES can be used to monitor crops due to environmental changes, and that PIES is a useful method for non-destructively and continuously monitoring changes of crops.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of oral cancer, and it has been steadily increasing in worldwide. Pituitary tumor transforming gene 1 (PTTG1) has been known as oncogene in a verity of cancers. Nevertheless, the expression and role of PTTG1 in OSCC progression remains largely unexplored. In this study, clinical datasets were analyzed to assess the genetic impact of PTTG1 on OSCC progression and to identify its functional roles in OSCC cell lines. We analyzed the expression of PTTG1 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) and OSCC using databases form the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). To investigate the effect of PTTG1 on proliferation and migration abilities in OSCC cell lines, following the knockdown of PTTG1 in HSC-2 and SCC-9 cell lines, we analyzed the proliferation and metastatic abilities of OSCC cells using EdU and Boyden chamber assays. Our database analysis revealed that PTTG1 was significantly overexpressed in tumor tissues compared to normal tissues. Moreover, its expression correlated with clinical parameters of OSCC. In vitro experiments demonstrated that depletion of PTTG1 suppressed the ability of cell proliferation and migration in both HSC-2 and SCC-9 cell lines. In conclusion, our study suggests that PTTG1 may act as an oncogene in OSCC. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms and clinical implications of PTTG1 expression in OSCC patients.

PURPOSES : This study aims to analyze and summarize test results related to permeable blocks used for sidewalks and roadways as an alternative to conventional urban road pavement technology, specifically focusing on low-impact development (LID) techniques. Furthermore, it aims to provide reference data on the feasibility of current policy implementation and future policy directions through a longterm analysis of the performance and durability of permeable blocks in sidewalk and roadway construction. METHODS : The research methodology involves (1) conducting a survey on the status and actual conditions of permeability sustainability tests based on the results of permeability persistence tests conducted in Seoul over nine years, from 2013 to 2021; (2) analyzing the differences between the permeability block rating system of Seoul City and that employed by the Ministry of Environment; (3) analyzing the permeability of graded pavement sections in permeable blocks for sidewalks after three years of public use and deriving a regression analysis formula to estimate the maintenance period; (4) analyzing the permeability of pavement sections in permeable blocks for roadways after five years of public use and deriving a regression analysis formula to estimate the maintenance period. RESULTS : This study revealed significant improvements in the performance and quality control of permeable blocks since the implementation of the permeability sustainability test in Seoul in 2013. An analysis of the differences in the permeability coefficient and distribution based on the rating systems of Seoul City and the Ministry of Environment showed that rating system of Seoul City has approximately twice the permeability coefficient quality standard compared to that of the Ministry of Environment. Regression analysis indicated that the firstgrade permeable block was predicted to maintain its permeability for approximately 5.1 years, whereas the third-grade permeable block was predicted to maintain its permeability for approximately 3.1 years. In roadway-permeable block pavements, the first-grade sections maintained excellent quality conditions even after five years, and regression analysis predicted a permeability maintenance period ranging from eight to 17 years. CONCLUSIONS : The correlation analysis of the permeability coefficients based on the common usage period of permeable blocks for sidewalks and roadways presented in this study can provide more accurate estimations of commonality. However, further research under various environmental conditions is required to supplement these findings. Considering the lack of studies on permeable block commonality analysis in Korea, this study highlights the significance of conducting long-term experimental follow-up research to establish commonality prediction formulas for different usage scenarios.

식량 작물의 확보 및 생산량 예측은 국가 발전에 있어 필수적이며, 국가 경제뿐만 아니라 전 세계 식량 안보에 기여 한다. 최근 환경오염으로 인한 이상기후는 식량 작물 생산량에 직ㆍ간접적으로 부정적 영향을 끼치고 있어, 작물 수확량 예측 불확실성이 높아지고 있다. 특히, 노지 작물의 경우 생산량 감소와 품질 저하 문제가 화두 되고 있다. 이러한 문제는 농가들뿐만 아니라 소비자들에게도 큰 피해를 안겨주고 있다. 이러한 생산량 예측 이슈를 해결하기 위해 최근에는 인공지능 기술이 농업 분야에도 활발히 적용되고 있다. 작물 수확량의 정확한 예측을 위한 머신러닝 기반 연구가 집중적으로 수행되고 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 이와 같은 인공지능 기반의 노지 작물 수확량 예측 기술(머신러닝, 딥러닝, 하이브리드 모델 등) 현황 및 작물 수확량에 가장 영향을 많이 끼치는 모델 파라미터 등을 조사하였다.