이 연구의 목적은 지난 20년간 국내에서 개최된 세계한상대회의 특성을 고찰 하고 해외에서 처음 개최된 세계한인비즈니스대회와의 비교를 통해 한상네트워 크 특징과 구축과정, 시사점과 향후 개선점을 도출하는 데 있다. 연구 방법은 2023년 LA에서 개최된 세계한인비즈니스대회에 참여하여 총 15명의 한상을 인 터뷰했다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 세계한상대회에서 한상네트워크 구 축 활동은 ‘개인적 네트워크 구축 활동’과 ‘소개자를 통한 네트워크 구축 활동’ 등으로 나타났다. 둘째, 이번 미국 LA에서 열린 세계한인비즈니스대회 특징은 주로 재외동포 기업인, 외국인 기업인, 한국광역단체장과 상공인단체 등이 대거 참여한 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 세계한인비즈니스대회에서 신뢰 관계와 비즈니 스 관계 구축과정은 한민족의 공통된 언어와 문화 기반 신뢰 형성, 한상의 가교 역할 기능, 상호신뢰의 확인 장소, 파트너기업과 비즈니스 거래관계로의 전환 등으로 나타났다. 넷째, 세계한인비즈니스대회는 한상과의 약한 개인 관계에서 상호 비즈니스가 가능한 강한 연대의 거래관계로 발전해 가는 과정을 지원하는 프로그램이지만 실제 대회 현장에서는 개최목적과 비즈니스 성과 사이의 괴리 가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 향후 이러한 문제를 해결해나가기 위한 다각적인 노력 이 필요할 것으로 생각된다. 결론적으로 이번 계기를 통해 세계한인비즈니스대 회가 한상네트워크 구축과정이라는 취지를 명확히 이해하고 이를 바탕으로 향 후 실질적으로 한상 간 네트워크 구축과 실천에 도움이 되는 프로그램으로 보 완해 나갈 필요가 있을 것이다.

PURPOSES : This study investigates the effects of three different three-color arrow traffic light operations on right-turn vehicles at intersections in Busan Metropolitan City. METHODS : Intersections in this study were categorized as general intersections (Type 1), intersections with right-turn pockets (Type 2), and intersections with scramble crosswalks (Type 3), and were investigated in terms of the efficiency (i.e., control delay) and safety (i.e., number of conflicts) of right-turn vehicles by employing VISSIM 2023 and SSAM3. RESULTS : From a mobility perspective (i.e., control delay), the protected/permitted operation outperformed the other two methods at the three types of intersections. The protected operation, similar to the results of the protected/permitted operation, was also superior to the permitted operation in terms of safety (i.e., number of conflicts). CONCLUSIONS : Protected/permitted operation has been proven to be a more efficient and safer measure than other operation methods for alleviating the problems of protected right-turn operation, which is currently implemented without three-color arrow traffic lights.

본 연구는 자일로올리고당의 과학적이고 체계적인 표준 화된 시험법을 마련하여 다양한 제형의 제품에 적용하고 자 하였다. 최적화된 시험법을 마련하기 위해 초음파 처 리 시간, 산 가수분해 시간 및 농도를 검토하여 전처리 방 법을 비교 평가하였으며, HPLC-UVD를 이용하여 시료 중 의 자일로올리고당을 분석하였다. 분석 시 1-phenyl-3- methyl-5-pyrazoline (PMP)으로 유도체화하고, photo diode array (PDA)가 장착된 high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (Nanospace SI-2)를 사용하였으며, 칼럼은 Cadenza C18 (4.6 × 250 mm, 3 μm)이었으며, 이동상은 pH를 6.0으 로 맞춘 20 mM 인산완충용액과 아세토니트릴을 78:22 비 율로 혼합하여 사용하였고, 0.5 mL/min 유속으로 254 nm 로 하여 분석하였다. 건강기능식품 등 시험법 마련 표준 절차에 관한 가이드라인에 따라 밸리데이션을 수행하고, 표준화된 시험법을 이용하여 유통 중인 건강기능식품 대 상 품목에 대해 시험법 적용 여부를 확인하였다. 표준화 된 시험법은 자일로올리고당을 함유한 건강기능식품 품질 관리에 대한 신뢰성을 더 높일 것으로 본다.

본 연구는 그린커피빈추출물이 「건강기능식품의 기준 및 규격」에 추가로 등재될 경우를 대비하여 표준화된 클 로로겐산 시험법을 설정하고, 카페인이 동시 분석되도록 최적화하는 연구를 진행하였다. 최적화된 시험법을 마련 하기 위해 기기분석 및 전처리 조건을 비교·분석하여 클 로로겐산과 카페인을 30% 메탄올 추출하여 인산용액과 인산 함유 아세토니트릴으로 액체크로마토그래프를 통해 330 nm, 280 nm에서 분석하도록 시험법을 설정하였다. 시 험법 밸리데이션 결과, 직선성 정량범위 내에서 상관계수 (R2) 0.999 이상의 유의수준을 보였고, 클로로겐산과 카페 인 검출한계는 0.5와 0.2 μg/mL, 정량한계는 1.4와 0.4 μg/ mL로 나타났다. 정밀도와 정확도 결과는 AOAC 밸리데 이션 가이드라인를 통해 적합함을 확인하였고, 클로로겐 산 및 카페인 동시분석법을 최종적으로 마련하였다. 또한, 시제품과 유통제품을 통해 제형별 적용성 검토하여 클 로로겐산과 카페인을 동시에 정량 가능한 시험법임을 재확인하였다. 최적화된 시험법은 클로로겐산을 함유한 건강기능식품 품질관리에 대한 신뢰성을 더 높일 것으 로 본다.

총담관결석의 치료는 내시경역행담췌관조영술을 시행하여 결석을 제거하는 것이 표준적인 방법이며 내시경유두부 괄약근절개술 및 내시경유두부풍선확장술을 시행한 후 바스켓 및 풍선도관, 기계석 쇄석술 등의 여러가지 방법을 사용하여 그 성공률은 90% 이상으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 일부 거대담석이나 담도협착이 동반된 경우 등에서는 담석의 제거에 실패하는 경우가 있다. 본 저자들은 방사선 비투과성 담석에 대해서 일반적인 담석제거를 위한 방법을 사용한 후에도 담석제거에 실패하고 기계적 쇄석술을 시행하던 중 바스켓의 철선이 끊어지면서 담석과 함께 총담관 내에 잔류하게 된 환자에서 체외충격파 쇄석술을 시행하여 담석을 파쇄한 후 담석의 제거에 성공하였던 증례를 문헌고찰과 함께 보고한다.

The feathery branched green alga Bryopsis plumosa (Hudson) C. Agardh bloomed at Songji Beach, Haenam, Korea, in November 2022. A terrible stench was present on the beach, and the bottom was covered in a thick green mat of green algae. The alga was identified as B. plumosa, which is an opportunistic species currently distributed worldwide. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) were analyzed in the bloomed area and compared with those of other vicinities. The DIN and DIP concentrations were 1.067 and 0.461 mg L-1, respectively, which were 6 to 19 times higher than the average concentrations on southwest coasts, including Haenam. The B. plumosa bloom at Songji Beach in November 2022 appears to have depended on DIN and DIP concentrations in seawater. In this study, we report on the mass occurrence of B. plumosa, which appeared for the first time in Korea. This occurrence was found to be closely related to the concentration of nutrients in seawater. Therefore, it is necessary to manage the concentration of nutrients on land flowing into coastal waters to control green algal blooms such as Bryopsis.

This study aimed to examine the morphological characteristics and variation in main traits by comparing the growth of individuals of Ecklonia cava Kjellman (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae) under an aquaculture environment. This survey was conducted from April 2018 to November 2019 at the aquafarm in Jindo-gun, Jeollanam-do (South coast of Korea). To classify the morphology of individuals in the aquaculture farm of E. cava, we investigated fourteen morphological characteristics and calculated four ratios between the measured values. Juvenile individuals showed a simple or oblong lanceolate, and at 3-4 months, a short stipe and holdfast developed, along with a bladelet that developed into the secondary blade form. At 5-7 months, secondary blades were found to develop irregularly on the primary blade. At 8-10 months, the primary blade expanded and secondary blades elongated. At 11-12 months, the secondary blades became oblong. At 13-14 months, the thallus area expanded. At 15-16 months, tertiary blades were formed, the thallus became more complex, the stipe thickened, and the holdfast widened. At 17-18 months, secondary blades clearly developed along with lobes. At 19-20 months, tertiary blades developed and became similar to mature natural blades. In the principal component analysis (PCA), the monthly population of the first year (Q1) and that of the second year (Q2) of the cultured population were divided along PC1, which is related to secondary blade morphological characteristics and the holdfast width. Q2 and natural populations are distributed in descending order of volume in Jeju (J), East Coast (E), and South Coast (S) along PC2, which is related to primary blade and stipe morphological characteristics. The results of this study were judged to offer important criteria for the development of different varieties of E. cava.

This study divided the area capable of producing domestic forage into grazing pasture, hay production area, and silage crop area, calculated the required area according to the forage production volume, and examined whether self-sufficiency in forage leads to cost savings. When the self-sufficiency rate of forage for dairy cows and Hanwoo is 80%, the improvement in profitability per heaf ranges from 3% to 9%, typically around 5%, which is considered a significant benefit for both corporate and individual businesses. The average profit per ranch is expected to increase about KRW 50 million per year, and the country as a whole is expected to reduce forage costs by KRW 0.9 trillion per year. Recently, efforts are being made by the government and local authorities to cultivate summer forage at the rice fields for improving self-sufficiency in forage feed to stabilize rice supply and demand. Furthermore, it is also necessary to conduct research on reducing the cost of concentrated feed and TMR (Total mixed ration).

The current survey form of grassland has not played its role in managing the grassland effectively because of the ambiguous questionnaire items and the absence of method and time of the investigation. Therefore, this study was conducted to clarify and add the items for effective of grassland management. The survey form of grassland was regulated in Article 16 of the Enforcement Rules of the Grassland Act (Survey on Grasslands Management Status, etc.). The five contents that needed improvement were the grassland owner, the survey timing and method of established grassland, grassland used livestock, grassland usage condition, and grassland grade. In the improved survey form of grassland, the grassland owner was changed to the grassland manager. In addition, ‘Survey by each land’ was added to the improved survey form in which the managers can survey each land. The dimension of each grassland establishment method was deleted in the grassland establishment time and method. In the livestock using grassland, the number of livestock and the area where livestock are used were added, and the number of other livestock was added, too. The grassland grade was decided as the combined score by three evaluation categories; grassland usage, the ratio of forage production in grassland and kinds of forage. The high, middle, and low grades were over 8, 6~7, and under 5 points in the combined score, respectively. The results show that the changed survey form of grassland can make grassland management more efficient by materializing the subject of grassland management and the survey terminology and methods.

Yeosu National Industrial Complex is one of Korea’s representative petrochemical industrial complexes where crude oil refining and petrochemical companies are concentrated. According to the results of the 2021 chemical emissions survey, during the process of manufacturing, storage, and transportation at the Yeosu National Industrial Complex, various hazardous chemicals, including hazardous air pollutants, volatile organic compounds and odorous substances are being emitted into the air, affecting the surrounding environment and the health of residents. The Ministry of Environment is applying strengthened standards by designating the Yeosu National Industrial Complex as an air conservation special measure area and establishing odor management areas to manage the air environment. Nevertheless, odor complaints continue to be registered and related complaints increase when turnaround work is carried out. Since air emissions are not counted during periods of turnaround as normal operations are temporarily suspended, it was difficult to establish policies to reduce odor complaints because the source of emissions and emission quantities cannot be ascertained with certainty. In this study, the extensive Yeosu National Industrial Complex was subdivided into 4 areas using a mobile vehicle equipped with PTR-ToF-MS capable of real-time analysis without sample pretreatment being carried out. Measurements were repeated during the day, night, and dawn while moving around the internal boundary of the plant and the boundary of each region where turnaround activities were being carried out. As a result, the recorded measurement for acrylonitrile was the highest at 6340.0 ppb and propyne and propene were measured the most frequently at 128 times each. Based on these results, it will be possible to help reduce emissions through process improvement by efficiently operating air measurement networks and odor surveys that conduct regular measurements throughout the year and providing actual measurement data to the plant. Also, it will help reduce odor complaints and establish systematic air management policies.

Silicon carbide (SiC) has emerged as a promising material for next-generation power semiconductor materials, due to its high thermal conductivity and high critical electric field (~3 MV/cm) with a wide bandgap of 3.3 eV. This permits SiC devices to operate at lower on-resistance and higher breakdown voltage. However, to improve device performance, advanced research is still needed to reduce point defects in the SiC epitaxial layer. This work investigated the electrical characteristics and defect properties using DLTS analysis. Four deep level defects generated by the implantation process and during epitaxial layer growth were detected. Trap parameters such as energy level, capture-cross section, trap density were obtained from an Arrhenius plot. To investigate the impact of defects on the device, a 2D TCAD simulation was conducted using the same device structure, and the extracted defect parameters were added to confirm electrical characteristics. The degradation of device performance such as an increase in on-resistance by adding trap parameters was confirmed.

In order to present a predictive drift model, Jeju National University's training ship was tested for about 11 hours and 40 minutes, and 81 samples that selected one of the entire samples at ten-minute intervals were subjected to regression analysis after verifying outliers and influence points. In the outlier and influence point analysis, although there is a part where the wind direction exceeds 1 in the DFBETAS (difference in Betas) value, the CV (cumulative variable) value is 6%, close to 1. Therefore, it was judged that there would be no problem in conducting multiple regression analyses on samples. The standard regression coefficient showed how much current and wind affect the dependent variable. It showed that current speed and direction were the most important variables for drift speed and direction, with values of 47.1% and 58.1%, respectively. The analysis showed that the statistical values indicated the fit of the model at the significance level of 0.05 for multiple regression analysis. The multiple correlation coefficients indicating the degree of influence on the dependent variable were 83.2% and 89.0%, respectively. The determination of coefficients were 69.3% and 79.3%, and the adjusted determination of coefficients were 67.6% and 78.3%, respectively. In this study, a more quantitative prediction model will be presented because it is performed after identifying outliers and influence points of sample data before multiple regression analysis. Therefore, many studies will be active in the future by combining them.

After the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and the United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement (UNFSA) came into effect, international cooperation through Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (RFMOs) was required, and each RFMO established and adopted the Conservation and Management Measure (CMM) for the regional Observer Programs to collect data on fishing activities and biological information and to monitor compliance with its CMMs. The observer coverage required by RFMO is set differently for each organization, ranging from 5% to 100%. In addition, tuna-RFMOs recommend increasing observer coverage in longline fisheries by at least 20% for reliable quantitative analysis of not only target species but also bycatch species and ecologically related species such as sharks, seabirds, sea turtles, and marine mammals. Therefore, in this study, we discussed ways to improve the national observer programs of Korean distant water fisheries that should be addressed in the future to respond to the RFMO trends.

Composite-based piezoelectric devices are extensively studied to develop sustainable power supply and selfpowered devices owing to their excellent mechanical durability and output performance. In this study, we design a leadfree piezoelectric nanocomposite utilizing (Ba0.85Ca0.15)(Ti0.9Zr0.1)O3 (BCTZ) nanomaterials for realizing highly flexible energy harvesters. To improve the output performance of the devices, we incorporate porous BCTZ nanowires (NWs) into the nanoparticle (NP)-based piezoelectric nanocomposite. BCTZ NPs and NWs are synthesized through the solidstate reaction and sol-gel-based electrospinning, respectively; subsequently, they are dispersed inside a polyimide matrix. The output performance of the energy harvesters is measured using an optimized measurement system during repetitive mechanical deformation by varying the composition of the NPs and NWs. A nanocomposite-based energy harvester with 4:1 weight ratio generates the maximum open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current of 0.83 V and 0.28 A, respectively. In this study, self-powered devices are constructed with enhanced output performance by using piezoelectric energy harvesting for application in flexible and wearable devices.

Lots of educational and medical facilities were actively built along with foreign missionary activities under Korean Empire era. Paiwha Girls’ High School is one of the educational facilities and at that time dormitory house was essential for recruiting girl students. Especially Paiwha’s dormitory was traditional hanok style, but now an auditorium has built in its place. This study carried on to restore its hanok dormitory house based on the plan sketch which drawn Paiwha Girls’ High School magazine. Through the analysis and investigation, we found some results as follows. Paiwha’s Hanok Dormitory had composed of 23 dormitories rooms, management space, sanitary space, dining space, etc. In living rooms division, there are three types of rooms, and it’s room was 4∼5 pyung(坪) in size and using area per person was 1pyung. Besides all rooms were connected by a corridor. The structure was 5-ryang(樑) type without high column or with one high column. Looking at structure and the shape of the roof on the historic photos, it seems to be a lower roof slope than other traditional house because of reducing its weight. But its span between two columns was wider relatively.

This study performed the seismic response analysis of an LNG storage tank supported by a disconnected piled raft foundation (DPRF) with a load transfer platform (LTP). For this purpose, a precise analytical model with simultaneous consideration of Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) and Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI) was used. The effect of the LTP characteristics (thickness, stiffness) of the DPRF system on the seismic response of the superstructure (inner and outer tanks) and piles was analyzed. The analytical results were compared with the response of the piled raft foundation (PRF) system. The following conclusions can be drawn from the numerical results: (1) The DPRF system has a smaller bending moment and axial force at the head of the pile than the PRF system, even if the thickness and stiffness of the LTP change; (2) The DPRF system has a slight stiffness of the LTP and the superstructure member force can increase with increasing thickness. This is because as the stiffness of the LTP decreases and the thickness increases, the natural frequency of the LTP becomes closer to the natural frequency of the superstructure, which may affect the response of the superstructure. Therefore, when applying the DPRF system, it is recommended that the sensitivity analysis of the seismic response to the thickness and stiffness of the LTP must be performed.

본 연구는 역사적 제도주의를 활용해 박정희 정부의 국회의원 선거제 도를 생성 과정, 지속 과정, 조정 과정, 변화 과정으로 검토하고자 하였 으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 생성 과정이다. 권력장악을 위한 정 당추천제, 소선거구제, 제1당에 유리한 전국구 배분 원칙이 적용된 국회 의원선거법은 집권당에게 득표율 대비 의석률에 유리하였다. 둘째, 지속 과정이다. 제1당에 유리한 국회의원선거법이 유지되면서 집권당의 일당 우위정당체제는 더욱 강화되었다. 셋째, 조정 과정이다. 기존 선거제도에 서 의석수의 확대, 등록기간의 축소, 배분 제한조건의 강화 등 변화가 있 었고, 집권 세력에 대한 국민의 저항으로 제1야당은 집권당을 견제할 수 있게 되었다. 넷째, 변화 과정이다. 집권위기에 직면한 집권세력은 중선 거구제를 도입하여 지역선거구에서 국회의 과반수 의석을 확보하였다. 박정희 정부에서 제1당은 이득비와 보너스율에서 이득을, 제2당은 제9대 국회의원선거를 제외하면 이득비와 보너스율에서 손해를 보았다. 박정희 정부의 국회의원 선거제도는 제1당에 유리한 양당 체제를 강화하였으나 집권세력이 권력창출, 권력유지, 권력연장, 영구집권을 위해 국회의원 선 거제도를 도구로 활용했다는 비판에 직면하였다.

국내 중·저준위 방사성폐기물은 영구적 격리를 위해 처분장에 매립하고 있으며 그 위치는 경주에 있다. 이러한 방 사성폐기물의 영구적인 격리를 위한 처분시설은 공학적 방벽과 자연 방벽으로 구성되어 있으며 자연 방벽을 특성을 파악 하기 위하여 한국원자력환경공단에서는 2006년부터 부지특성조사를 수행하였고, 이후 부지감시 및 조사계획에 따른 감시 를 수행하여 부지특성의 변화를 지속적으로 확인하고 있다. 중저준위 방폐장의 수리지화학적 환경은 자연 방벽의 평가를 위해 중요한 요소로 손꼽히고 있으나 동해와 가까운 경주의 지역적 특성상 해수의 영향을 반드시 고려해야 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 처분 부지의 지하수 관정 7개 및 관정의 심도별 수질 자료를 취합해 지하수 자료 총 30개를 해수 2개소와 비교 분석하여 수리지화학적 환경을 해석하였다. 분석 자료는 수질 10개 항목(온도, EC, HCO3, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cl, SO4, SiO2)을 2017년 3분기부터 2022년 3분기까지 총 5년간 20회의 자료를 활용하였다. 특히, EC, HCO3, Na, Cl의 농도 변화 를 통해 연구 지역의 배경 농도 및 관정의 구간별 해수의 영향을 파악하였으며, 시계열 군집 분석을 통해 담수, 기수, 해 수의 분류를 시도하였다. 그 결과, 기존의 모니터링 방법으로는 확인하지 못한 부지내 수리지화학적 변화를 제시하였다.

Piezoelectric technology, which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy, has recently attracted drawn considerable attention in the industry. Among the many kinds of piezoelectric materials, BaTiO3 nanotube arrays, which have outstanding uniformity and anisotropic orientation compared to nanowire-based arrays, can be fabricated using a simple synthesis process. In this study, we developed a flexible piezoelectric energy harvester (f-PEH) based on a composite film with PVDF-coated BaTiO3 nanotube arrays through sequential anodization and hydrothermal synthesis processes. The f-PEH fabricated using the piezoelectric composite film exhibited excellent piezoelectric performance and high flexibility compared to the previously reported BaTiO3 nanotube array-based energy harvester. These results demonstrate the possibility for widely application with high performance by our advanced f-PEH technique based on BaTiO3 nanotube arrays.