This study deals with the application of an artificial neural network (ANN) model to predict power consumption for utilizing seawater source heat pumps of recirculating aquaculture system. An integrated dynamic simulation model was constructed using the TRNSYS program to obtain input and output data for the ANN model to predict the power consumption of the recirculating aquaculture system with a heat pump system. Data obtained from the TRNSYS program were analyzed using linear regression, and converted into optimal data necessary for the ANN model through normalization. To optimize the ANN-based power consumption prediction model, the hyper parameters of ANN were determined using the Bayesian optimization. ANN simulation results showed that ANN models with optimized hyper parameters exhibited acceptably high predictive accuracy conforming to ASHRAE standards.

본 논문은 미국 미술가 마스던 하틀리(Marsden Hartley, 1877-1943)의 <인디언 환상 Indian Fantasy>(1914)의 미국 원시주의에 관한 연구이다. <인디언 환상>은 하틀리가 본격적으로 유럽 모더니즘에 영향을 받았던 베를린 시기(1913-1915)에 제작 되었다. 이 작품은 하틀리가 ‘아메리카(Amerika)’ 회화라 불렀던 4점 중 하나이다. <인디언 환상>은 20세기 초 미국 미술이 유럽의 선진적 미술에 열등감을 가졌던 시대적 배경 속에 제작되었다. 이 작품은 유럽 모더니즘의 수용과 동시에 그것의 모 방에서 벗어나려는 미국 미술가의 고민이 반영된 작품이다. 하틀리는 당시 유럽 모더 니스트들 사이에서 유행하던 원시주의(Primitivism)에 대한 반응이자 미국적인 성격 을 드러낼 수 있는 소재로 아메리카 원주민의 문화에 주목했다. 하틀리는 아메리카 원주민의 문화와 미학을 활용하여 가장 미국적인 미술로서 미국적 의미를 일깨움으 로써 유럽 무대에서 활동하는 자신의 독자성을 구축하고자 했다. 하틀리는 <인디언 환상>의 화면을 아메리카 원주민의 공예품에서 발견되는 원시 적 양식과 서구 모더니즘의 입체파와 표현주의 화풍의 융합으로 구축했다. 그리고 미 국의 정신을 강조한 초월주의(Transcendentalism)을 접목하여 아메리카 원주민을 미국의 신성한 자연으로 간주해 초월성이 깃든 미국적 풍광으로 나타내고자 했다. <인디언 환상>은 이후 하틀리가 미국적인 뿌리를 탐색하고 새로운 미국 미학을 제시하는 선례가 되었다. 그는 1918년에 미국 뉴멕시코에서 아메리카 원주민을 만 나 그들과 관련된 작업 활동을 통해 미국의 미학을 정립해나갔다. 이는 미국 백인 미 술가인 하틀리의 원시주의적 입장을 구체적으로 제시한다. 이에 본 연구는 하틀리의 <인디언 환상>을 통해 그가 미국적 정체성을 탐색하는 전략으로 초기 미국 원시주의 의 기틀을 마련했다는 것을 살펴볼 것이다.

To identify some significant phenotypic characteristics of maize(zea mays) seeds, we have obtained Red, Green, Blue(RGB) digital image data from 82 recombinant inbred lines. Based on the collected image data, their morphological and color data were analyzed, and seven significant parameters were selected, including area, perimeter, length, width, circularity, roundness, and surface texture. The extracted RGB data were converted into color hex codes to visualize the representative colors of the seeds. These visualized colors were categorized into six groups: gray, yellowish white, yellow, grayish orange, purple, and brown. The results of maize seed phenotypic analysis using the RGB digital images in this study will serve as a useful tool for constructing a database of seed phenotyping database and establishing a standardized classification system.

This study aimed to assess and determine the optimal model for predicting the full bloom date of ‘Fuji’ apples across South Korea. We evaluated the performance of four distinct models: the Development Rate Model (DVR)1, DVR2, the Chill Days (CD) model, and a sequentially integrated approach that combined the Dynamic model (DM) and the Growing Degree Hours (GDH) model. The full bloom dates and air temperatures were collected over a three-year period from six orchards located in the major apple production regions of South Korea: Pocheon, Hwaseong, Geochang, Cheongsong, Gunwi, and Chungju. Among these models, the one that combined DM for calculating chilling accumulation and the GDH model for estimating heat accumulation in sequence demonstrated the most accurate predictive performance, in contrast to the CD model that exhibited the lowest predictive precision. Furthermore, the DVR1 model exhibited an underestimation error at orchard located in Hwaseong. It projected a faster progression of the full bloom dates than the actual observations. This area is characterized by minimal diurnal temperature ranges, where the daily minimum temperature is high and the daily maximum temperature is relatively low. Therefore, to achieve a comprehensive prediction of the blooming date of ‘Fuji’ apples across South Korea, it is recommended to integrate a DM model for calculating the necessary chilling accumulation to break dormancy with a GDH model for estimating the requisite heat accumulation for flowering after dormancy release. This results in a combined DM+GDH model recognized as the most effective approach. However, further data collection and evaluation from different regions are needed to further refine its accuracy and applicability.

This study was conducted to determine the optimal irrigation starting point by analyzing tree growth, physiological responses, fruit quality, and productivity in peach orchards. Seven-year-old ‘Kawanakajima Hakuto’ peach trees were used in an experimental field (35°49′30.4″N, 127°01′33.2″E) located within the National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science located in Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do. The irrigation starting point was set with four levels of –20, –40, –60, and –80 kPa from June to September 2022. While there were no significant differences in increase of trunk cross-section area and leaf area among treatments, shoot length and diameter decreased in the –80 kPa and –20 kPa treatments. The photosynthetic rate measured in August was highest for –60 kPa (17.7 μmol·m-2·s-1), followed by –40 kPa (15.6 μmol·m-2·s-1), –20 kPa (14.5 μmol·m-2·s-1) and –80 kPa (14.0 μmol·m-2·s-1). SPAD value measured in May and August was lower in the –80 kPa and –20 kPa treatments than in the –60 kPa and –40 kPa treatments. The harvest date reached three days earlier in the –20 kPa treatment compared to other treatments. The fruit weight was highest in the –60 kPa (379.1 g), followed by –40 kPa (344.0 g), –80 kPa (321.0 g) and –20 kPa (274.9 g). Firmness was the lowest in the –20 kPa treatment. The soluble solid content was highest in the –60 kPa treatment (13.3°Bx).The ratio of marketable fruits was highest in the –60 kPa treatment (50.7%) and lowest in the –80 kPa treatment (23.4%). In conclusion, we suggest that setting the irrigation starting point at –60 kPa could improve the fruit quality and yield in peach orchards.

The purpose of this study was to determine the conditions necessary for the total eradication of mite pests in indoor environments. The study involved the construction of a sterilization experimental setup. For this setup, various sterilization techniques, such as UV-C, ozone, ultrasound, and heat were applied, based on previous research. The experimental procedure consisted of placing mite pests in a chamber and subjecting them to different sterilization techniques. Observations were conducted immediately after the experiment and repeated five days later to assess the extent of eradication. The results showed that UVC, ozone, and ultrasound methods were not successful in completely eradicating the mite pests. In contrast, heat sterilization demonstrated effectiveness depending on the specific temperature and exposure time. To achieve the eradication of mite pests in indoor environments, it is necessary to maintain conditions of short-term high-temperature sterilization above 65°C or sustain temperatures above 50°C for a minimum duration of 90 minutes.

Light plays an important role in fruit-body development and morphology during Pleurotus spp. cultivation. To understand the effects of light color on fruit-body properties, we evaluated the fruit-body characteristics of Pleurotus spp. varieties cultivated under blue, red, and purple LED light sources. The main results are as follows: The overall fruit-body shape showed differences depending on the color of the LED light. The fruit-bodies of mushroom cultivated under blue and purple light were generally similar to the mushroom shapes typically produced, while those of mushroom cultivated under green light were abnormally shaped, probably due to the absence of effective light source. The average cap lightness of mushrooms cultivated under blue, green, and purple LED lights was 57.0, 57.4, and 59.4, respectively. The average cap lightness of all varieties except Wonhyeong1ho and Hwang-geumsantari cultivated under the three LED light sources were statistically significantly different (P<0.05). The cap redness varied significantly depending on the LED lighting and variety. Only Gonji7hoM, the cap color mutant of Gonji7ho, showed negative cap redness values under all three LED light sources. Among the eight varieties excluding Gonji7ho, the highest cap redness was observed when cultivated under the blue LED. The average harvest weight of the varieties cultivated under purple, blue, and green LED light were 68.0, 58.3, and 50.1 g, respectively. The yield of Gonji7ho, the mushroom variety with the highest yield, cultivated under blue, green, and purple LED light were 92.8, 77.1, and 98.6 g, respectively. The earliness when grown under the purple, blue, and green LED lights were 5.3, 5.8, and 5.8 days, respectively. Among the varieties, six, three, and two cultivars showed the shortest earliness under the purple, green, and blue LED, respectively. The fruit-body lengths were 66.4, 51.8, and 46.8 mm when cultivated under green, purple, and blue lights, respectively. These results are expected to serve as a foundation for producing mushrooms with traits demanded in the market.

본 연구는 경남지역 대나무림에 대한 면적 및 입목축적량 산정과 함께 탄소저장량을 추정하기 위하여 수행되었다. 현재 산림청의 임업통계연보에는 대나무림에 대한 공간정보인 면적만 제시되고 있을 뿐, 입목축적에 대한 정보는 전혀 제공되고 있지 못하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 최근에 만들어진 대나무 재적표를 활용하여 경남지역의 입목축적량을 계산하고, 여기에 탄소배출계수를 이용하여 탄소저장 량을 계산하였다. 대나무림에 대한 면적은 1/5,000 수치임상도에서 추출하였으며, 입목축적을 산정하기 위해 현지조사한 표준지 자료를 활용하였다. 표준지의 대나무는 개체목 별로 흉고직경과 수고에 재적표를 적용하여 표준지의 재적을 산정하였다. 경남지역 대나무의 공간분포 면적은 총 6,038ha로서, 전국 대나무림(20,262 ha)중 약 30%를 차지하는 것으로 나타났다. 경남지역 중에서는 하동군이 가장 많은 면적인 1,027 ha가 분포하는 것으로 나타났다. 경남지역의 시계열적인 분포면적 변화는 2013년 대비 2022년에 약 20.3% 감소하였으 며, 2019년 대비 약 0.4%가 감소하였다. 경남지역 대나무의 입목축적량은 2022년말 현재 148,510 ㎥인 것으로 계산되었으며, ha당 축적은 약 25 ㎥으로 나타났다. 그리고 경남지역 대나무 숲의 이산화탄소저장량은 287,277 tCO2 이었으며, ha당 저장량은 47.6 tCO2 인 것으로 나타났다.

본 연구의 목적은 정신분석적 관점에서 미술작품이 자신의 내면을 이해할 수 있는지와 자기탐색을 통해 치유적 효과가 있는지 프리다 칼로의 작품을 통해 살 펴보는 것이다. 연구의 접근은 정신분석 미술치료관점 즉, 그림이 무의식의 표현 이며 전이된 무의식의 내용을 해석하고 통찰하면서 치료가 된다는 미술심리치료 의 이론적 입장이 예술가의 작품을 통해 지지되는지에 대한 검증 필요성에 기반 한다. 연구방법은 연구문제를 검증하기 위해 프리다 칼로 인생의 주요 전환기에 그려진 작품을 시대순으로 정리하여 다양한 연구문헌을 참고하여 작품 속에 투사 된 무의식의 상징을 분석하였다. 연구결과는 프리다 칼로의 작품은 자신의 불안, 억압, 갈등의 적극적인 탐색 과정이었으며 미술의 치료적 속성인 심상, 승화, 표 현, 카타르시스의 치료기제가 모두 작용된 것으로 보인다. 이러한 연구결과를 바 탕으로 미술의 창작행위는 표현자체로 치료적 의미를 가져다준다는 것을 알 수있다.

PURPOSES : This study predicts the concentration of suspended road dust (PM10) by analyzing meteorological, traffic, and atmospheric environmental data acquired at various angles, and attains a comprehensive understanding of the influencing factors of suspended road dust. METHODS : Experimental field methods were applied and statistical analyses were conducted. Field experiments were conducted using a vehicle-based measurement of suspended dust (PM10) to measure its concentration at the measurement site while maintaining a constant driving vehicular speed. Statistical analysis demonstrated the effects of the concentration of suspended dust on changes in meteorological and environmental factors and lanes per traffic volume at the time of measurement. Finally, a multiple linear regression model was applied to identify the factors which affected the generation of suspended dust. RESULTS : The analysis of suspended road dust concentrations according to the lanes per traffic volume and environmental factors showed that suspended dust concentrations increased at increasing driving speeds. In addition, the background concentration at the monitoring station was higher at high-wind speeds (>3.0 m/s) than at low-wind speeds (<1.6 m/s), but the suspended dust concentrations were higher at low-wind speeds. During the temperature inversion period from evening to morning, the suspended effects of traffic and meteorological factors were greater than the background concentration at the station. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that excluding yellow-dust days, which are known to affect atmospheric pollution levels, the accuracy of the model improved and resulted in increases in background PM10, vapor pressure, sea-level pressure, visibility, after-rainfall time, and in decreases in insolation and precipitation during low-wind speed conditions. CONCLUSIONS : At low-wind speeds, 5 days after rain, and when the relative humidity was higher than 72%, suspended dust was found to be higher than atmospheric PM10 concentration and may increase at increasing driving speeds and section lane traffic volumes. However, the volume of measured data in this study is limited to determining the patterns of suspended dust, as the silt loading of the operational road or the effects of prominent variables were not considered in this study. However, we identified prominent factors related to road-suspended dust for real-time road-dust predictions.