본 연구는 2020년 10월 중 충청남도내 단체 급식소에서 발생한 대규모 집단 식중독 원인에 대하여 분석하였다. 전 체 급식원 135명 중 21명(15.6%)에서 음식을 섭취한 후 1 시간 이내에 주로 매스꺼움과 구토 증상을 보였다. 유증 상자 21명 중 11명과, 조리종사자 1명, 조리기구 2건과 보 존식 8건에서 B. cereus가 검출됨에 따라 B. cereus에 의 한 집단 식중독으로 판단하였다. 분리된 21개의 균주를 PFGE 분석한 결과, 19개의 균주가 동일한 것으로 판단되 었고, 이들 균주가 가지고 있는 독소 유전자는 CER, nheA, entFM이었다. 실험결과, CER을 포함하고, 증상 발현 시간 이 1시간 이내로 매우 짧아 B. cereus의 구토형 식중독으 로 판단하였다. 집단식중독 원인으로 안전하지 않은 급식 환경과 제대로 관리되지 않은 음식에 의한 것이라 조사되 었다. 이러한 결과는 단체급식에서의 급식환경과 제공되 는 음식이 철저하게 관리되어야 한다는 것을 보여준다. 이 와 더불어 보존식에서 원인 병원체를 찾아내는 것은 식중 독의 원인을 추정하는데 매우 중요하므로, 집단급식소에 서 규정에 맞는 보존식 용기를 이용하여 이를 적정온도에 잘 보관해야한다. 또한 정밀한 식중독 역학조사를 기반으 로 사례를 분석하고 결과를 전파함으로써 유사한 식중독 이 재발하지 않도록 해야 한다.

This study aimed to examine the morphological characteristics and variation in main traits by comparing the growth of individuals of Ecklonia cava Kjellman (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae) under an aquaculture environment. This survey was conducted from April 2018 to November 2019 at the aquafarm in Jindo-gun, Jeollanam-do (South coast of Korea). To classify the morphology of individuals in the aquaculture farm of E. cava, we investigated fourteen morphological characteristics and calculated four ratios between the measured values. Juvenile individuals showed a simple or oblong lanceolate, and at 3-4 months, a short stipe and holdfast developed, along with a bladelet that developed into the secondary blade form. At 5-7 months, secondary blades were found to develop irregularly on the primary blade. At 8-10 months, the primary blade expanded and secondary blades elongated. At 11-12 months, the secondary blades became oblong. At 13-14 months, the thallus area expanded. At 15-16 months, tertiary blades were formed, the thallus became more complex, the stipe thickened, and the holdfast widened. At 17-18 months, secondary blades clearly developed along with lobes. At 19-20 months, tertiary blades developed and became similar to mature natural blades. In the principal component analysis (PCA), the monthly population of the first year (Q1) and that of the second year (Q2) of the cultured population were divided along PC1, which is related to secondary blade morphological characteristics and the holdfast width. Q2 and natural populations are distributed in descending order of volume in Jeju (J), East Coast (E), and South Coast (S) along PC2, which is related to primary blade and stipe morphological characteristics. The results of this study were judged to offer important criteria for the development of different varieties of E. cava.

Milky white spots appeared on red bean leaves in a red bean cultivation area located in Jangyeon-myeon, Goesan-gun, Chungbuk Province. After culturing the pathogen in PDA medium, their morphology was observed, and their genes were BLAST-searched in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The pathogen was identified as a fungus called Rhizopus arrhizus. As a result of reinoculating the isolated pathogen on red beans, the same symptoms as those in the isolated leaves occurred. Characteristic colonies of R. arrhizuson PDA medium initially showed a bright color and then changed to dark gray over time, with mostly spherical sporangia. The sporangiospores were spherical or elliptical, mostly irregular, and small in size. Therefore, based on these results, this disease has not yet been reported in red beans and was called red bean brown leaf blight caused by Rhizopus arrhizus A. Fisch (syn. R. oryzae).

The occurrence of eggs and adults of Pochazia shantungensis, Lycorma delicatula, and Lymantria dispar was investigated in 11 cities in the Chungcheongbukdo region. The results showed that the overwintering eggs of P. shantungensis occurred in 24.2% of the region in 2021 and 22.1% in 2022, while adults occurred in 25.2% in 2021 and 24.3% in 2022, indicating the highest occurrence among the pests studied. The occurrence of overwintering eggs of L. delicatula was relatively low, with 2.6% of the region affected in 2021 and 1.9% in 2022. Adult L. delicatula occurred in 3.2% of the region in 2021 and 3.6% in 2022. Overwintering eggs of L. dispar occurred in 4.1% of the area in 2021 and 1.7% in 2022, showing a decreasing tendency compared to the previous year, and their occurrence was only low to middle in terms of the degree of occurrence. Adult L. dispar occurred in 4.6% of the region in 2021 and 2.7% in 2022, showing occurrences that were insignificant compared to L. delicatula. According to a survey of host preferences, both the wintering eggs and adults of P. shantungensis were found in apples and peaches between 2021 and 2022. In both 2021-2022, adult L. delicatula had a high incidence in peaches, apples, and grapes, and winter eggs were the highest in grapes. However, the incidence in apples and peaches was low. A high incidence density of L. dispar moth adults and overwintering eggs was found in apples in both 2021 and 2022.

This study aimed to investigate the dietary changes among adults living alone during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Korea. An online survey was conducted to examine dietary changes before (in 2019) and during (in 2021) the pandemic. The data from 337 adults living alone who responded to the survey were used for analysis. The proportion of the respondents reporting frequent food consumption at convenience stores (≥3 times/week) increased during the pandemic (p=0.024), and the proportion of those frequently eating ready-to-eat and ready-to-cook food (≥3 times/week) was more than doubled (p<0.001). Additionally, the proportion of those frequently consuming delivered food (≥3 times/week) increased by 2.5 times (p<0.001). In conclusion, the dietary habits of adults living alone changed significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic, which may have a negative impact on their health. Therefore, the development of customized nutrition management programs to improve the dietary habits of adults living alone during emergencies like a pandemic is deemed necessary. This study can serve as a foundation for understanding the dietary changes of adults living alone in prolonged crisis.

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is to provide basic data to improve the service life of asphalt pavement using basalt aggregate in Jeju Island by evaluating the performance of asphalt pavement through analysis of material and structural aspects. METHODS : To evaluate the performance of Jeju Island's asphalt pavement, cracks, permanent deformation, and longitudinal roughness were analyzed for the Aejo-ro road, which has high traffic and frequent premature damage. Cores were collected from Aejo-ro sections in good condition and damaged condition, and the physical properties of each layer were compared and analyzed. In addition, plate cores were collected from two sections with severe damage and the cause of pavement damage was analyzed in detail. RESULTS : About 45% of the collected cores suffered damage such as layer separation and damage to the lower layer. The asphalt content of surface layer in the damaged section was found to be 1.1% lower on average than that in the good condition section, and the mix gradations generally satisfied the standards. The density difference between the cores of each layer was found to be quite large, and the air voids was found to be at a high level. CONCLUSIONS : Test results on the cores showed that, considering the high absorption ratio of basalt aggregate, the asphalt content was generally low, and the high air voids of the pavement was believed to have had a significant impact on damage. High air voids in asphalt pavement can be caused by poor mixture itself, poor construction management, or a combination of the two factors. Additionally, the separation of each layer is believed to be the cause of premature failure of asphalt pavement.

This study investigates the integration of astronomy-related topics in the Korean national science curricula spanning from 1945 to 2023. We analyze the placement and extent of astronomy content across different school levels. Astronomy contents in the science curricula have changed in response to social needs (e.g., practical knowledge required for agriculture and fishery) and advancement in astronomical research (e.g., the discovery of exoplanets and the suggestion of new cosmological parameters). Contents addressing the motions of celestial objects and stellar physical properties have remained relatively consistent. In the latest 2022 revised national curriculum, scheduled for implementation in 2024, several elements, such as coordinate systems, have been removed, while the inquiry activities using digital tools are emphasized. The incorporation of the cosmic perspectives in the national curriculum, as well as astronomy education within the context of education for sustainable development, remains limited even in the most recent curriculum. For future life revisions, the active participation of researchers is needed to reflect the latest astronomical research progress and scientific characteristics in the field of astronomy.

인공지능은 4차 산업혁명의 프레임이 소개된 이후 점차 보편적인 기술로 자리를 잡아가고 있으며, 인공지능 관련 특허 출원도 크게 증가하고 있다. 최근에는 특허 생태계가 출원 건수 위주의 양적 경쟁에서 고품질의 특허 확보라는 질적 경쟁으로 패러다임이 변화되면서, 저품질 특허로 인한 비용 손실에 관심이 높아지고 있다. 이러한 배경으로 본 연구에서는 머신러닝과 Doc2Vec 알고리즘을 활용하여 특허 품질을 예측하는 방법을 제안하고자 한다. 본 연구를 위해 WIPO에서 정의한 CPC 코드를 활용하여 미국 특허청(USPTO)에 등록된 인공지능 관련 특허 데이터를 추출하였고, 이를 통해 정형 데이터 기반 19개 변수, 비정형 데이터 기반 7개 변수를 개발하였다. 특히, 새롭게 제안하는 Doc2Vec 알고리즘을 이용한 제목과 초록 텍스트 유사도 변수는 고품질 특허를 예측하는데 영향을 미칠 것으로 판단된다. 이에 유사도 변수의 효과를 확인하기 위해 유사도 변수를 포함한 앙상블 기반 머신러닝 모델과 포함하지 않은 모델을 개발하여 비교하였다. 실험 결과, 유사도 변수를 포함한 모델이 AUC 0.013, f1-score 0.025가 높게 나타나 더 우수한 성능을 보였다. 이는 유사도 변수가 고품질 특허 예측에 기여한다는 것을 시사한다. 또한, SHAP을 이용하여 블랙박스 형태의 머신러닝 변수 영향도를 설명하였다. 본 연구를 통해 핵심 기술 분야인 인공지능과 같은 영역에서 특허의 품질을 예측하고, 고품질 특허 개발을 장려함으로써 사회적 가치를 실현하는 데 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

This study was conducted to provide basic data on the antioxidant activity, inhibition of adipocyte differentiation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production of a mixture of Brassica juncea extract (BJE) and fermented black rice fraction (BRF). We investigated the total phenol content, total flavonoid content, antioxidant effects (DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS radical scavenging, reducing power, FRAP and ORAC assay) and anti-obesity activity of the mixture in 3T3-L1 cells. Our results showed that the total phenol and flavonoid content increased with increasing BRF mixture ratio. The antioxidant activity increased as the BRF mixture ratio increased. In addition, BJE and BRF mixtures did not show any cytotoxicity during the 3T3-L1 differentiation period. During adipocyte differentiation, BJE and BRF mixtures significantly inhibited lipid accumulation and ROS production compared to the control group. These results warrant further experiments to develop an anti-obesity functional food using a mixture of BJE and BRF.

This study aimed to predict the shelf life of black soybean Sunsik to develop a functional labeling system for the product. The Arrhenius equation was used to calculate the shelf life by examining alterations in the dietary fiber and calcium levels of black soybean Sunsik stored at 25, 35, and 50°C for 0, 6, and 12 months. Dietary fiber and calcium analyses were performed according to the experimental methods specified in the Food Code of the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. Both black soybean Sunsik (BS) and black soybean Sunsik containing nondigestible maltodextrin and calcium lactate (BSN) exhibited an upward trend in dietary fiber content after 12 months of storage, compared to their initial levels. During storage, the phytate in Sunsik degraded, releasing cations that facilitated the formation of new cross-links between pectic acid and middle lamella, which ultimately increased dietary fiber content. Conversely, the calcium contents of both BS and BSN decreased with prolonged storage. Based on these findings, the expected shelf life of BS and BSN was calculated as 15.65 and 28.34 months, respectively.

견과류는 영양가가 우수하고 다양한 기능성 생리활성을 가져 건강한 식단에 중요한 요소이다. 멜라토닌은 뇌의 송 과선에서 분비되는 호르몬으로 각종 조직의 산화적 손상을 방지하는 것으로 알려져 있으며, 식물체에서도 중요한 역할 을 한다. 본 연구는 견과류의 멜라토닌 추출 및 정량을 위 한 분석법을 마련하였고, 견과류의 높은 지방함량을 고려한 최적화된 추출 절차를 이용하여 경기도에서 유통되는 견과 종실류 등의 멜라토닌 함량을 조사하였다. 땅콩 또는 견과 류, 유지종실류 및 두류의 평균 멜라토닌 함량은 각각 1200.83 (409.76-2223.56), 934.83 (454.10-1736.60), 616.46 (494.70- 825.12) pg/g으로 나타났다. 호두와 밤의 경우 속껍질을 포 함한 반탈각 상태와 과실만 있는 경우의 멜라토닌 함량을 비교한 결과, 반탈각 상태에서 멜라토닌 함량이 유의적으로 높았다. 또한 호두, 밤 및 땅콩의 경우 2022년 재배된 햇 견 과보다 2021년 재배 후 저장된 견과에서 멜라토닌 함량이 유의적으로 높았다. 이러한 결과는 견과종실류 등의 멜라토 닌 함량이 높아 우수한 기능성 식품임을 시사하였다.

농촌진흥청에서 진행한 ‘왕귀뚜라미 돌보기 프로그램’으로 노인들의 우울증과 인지 기 능 개선을 통한 정서적 안정에 도움이 된다는 사실을 과학적인 방법을 통해 확인하고 이 를 관련 저명 학술지 제기하였다. 이를 바탕으로 본 연구는 전라북도 익산시에 거주하는 5세부터 10세까지 아동 50명을 대상으로 직접 만나 전문가의 자문을 받아 작성한 총 11 문항의 설문지를 활용하여 조사를 진행하였다. 설문조사는 소리 곤충에 대한 인식도는 높 았지만, 선호도와 사육 의향에서 부정적인 결과가 나왔다. 또한 소리곤충 중 귀뚜라미의 소리에 대한 문항에서는 긍정적인 결과가 나온 반면 여치의 소리에 대한 문항에서는 부정 적인 결과가 나왔다. 본 논문에서는 소리 곤충에 대한 아동의 인식도 및 선호도를 파악하 기 위한 설문조사 연구를 통해 관련 연구와 활동에 자료를 제공하고자 한다.

곤충은 지구상의 생물 중에서 가장 많은 종을 차지하고 있다. 또 인류보다도 훨씬 오래 된 지구의 선점자이며, 환경에 대한 적응력이 뛰어나 전 세계적으로 서식하고 있다. 현대 에 접어들면서 곤충은 사람들에게 식품(식용 곤충), 치유(소리, 정서곤충) 등의 다양한 효 과를 제공하고 있지만, 사람들은 그 효과에 대해서 잘 알지 못하고 징그럽다고 생각하는 것이 대부분이다. 그래서 우리는 곤충 중에서도 울음소리로 사람들의 마음을 치유하는 소 리곤충(귀뚜라미, 여치)를 주제로 본 연구를 하였다. 본 연구는 무작위의 성인 30명을 대 상으로 소리곤충(귀뚜라미, 여치)에 대한 인지 정도를 알아보고 실제 성인들이 소리곤충 (귀뚜라미, 여치) 울음소리의 효능에 대해서 알고 있는지, 알지 못한다면 그 효능에 대해 서 알리기 위한 것이 목적이다. 이에, 본 연구를 위하여 설문지 법을 사용하였으며, 대상 자는 무작위 대상의 남녀 30명(여:18, 남:12) 이었다. 설문조사 결과로는 응답자의 과반 수가 소리곤충 울음소리에 대해서 긍정적인 답변을 보였다. 하지만 소리의 호감도에 비해 직접 소리곤충을 키울 의향이 있다는 사람은 5명(20%)밖에 되지 않았다. 이에 성인들을 대상으로 귀뚜라미나 여치 등을 키우는 체험이 활성화된다면 더욱 긍정적인 결과가 나올 것으로 판단한다.

The objective of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant components, elastase inhibition activities, and melanin synthesis rates of Korean traditional Actinidia (Actinidia arguta) fruits and leaves depending on the ethanol extraction concentrations. The total polyphenol content was the highest in the 50% ethanol extract of both fruits and leaves, with values of 634.1 mg GAE/100 g and 3,985.2 mg GAE/100 g, respectively. The total flavonoid content was the highest in the fruit 90% extract and leaf 50% extract at 191.9 mg/100 g and 2655.6 mg/100 g, respectively. The vitamin C content was the highest in the 50% extract of leaves at 2990.3 mg/100 g. Elastase inhibition was the highest at 56.9% in the leaf 50% extract at a concentration of 1,000 μg/mL. Melanin synthesis inhibition showed the highest melanin synthesis inhibitory effect among the extracts, as the leaf 50% extract showed an inhibitory rate of 65% or more. Therefore, the antioxidant components, elastase inhibition activities, and melanin synthesis inhibitory rate were better in leaves than in fruits. The leaf 50% extract was particularly the best among the extracts. Korean traditional Actinidia leaves can be considered as potential sources for new functional materials.

This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of enzymatically modified stevia (EMS) on C2C12 cell-based model of dexamethasone (DEX)-induced muscle atrophy to provide baseline data for utilizing EMS in functional health products. C2C12 cells with DEX-induced muscle atrophy were treated with EMS (10, 50, and 100 μg/mL) for 24 h. C2C12 cells were treated with EMS and DEX to test their effects on cell viability and myotube formation (myotube diameter and fusion index), and analyze the expression of muscle strengthening or degrading protein markers. Schisandra chinensis Extract, a common functional ingredient, was used as a positive control. EMS did not show any cytotoxic effect at all treatment concentrations. Moreover, it exerted protective effects on C2C12 cell-based model of DEX-induced muscle atrophy at all concentrations. In addition, the positive effect of EMS on myotube formation was confirmed based on the measurement and comparison of the fusion index and myotube diameter when compared with myotubes treated with DEX alone. EMS treatment reduced the expression of muscle cell degradation-related proteins Fbx32 and MuRF1, and increased the expression of muscle strengthening and synthesis related proteins SIRT1 and p- Akt/Akt. Thus, EMS is a potential ingredient for developing functional health foods and should be further evaluated in preclinical models.

최근 GPS에 기반한 위치 수집 기술의 발전과 스마트폰과 같은 GPS를 탑재한 디바이스의 폭발적인 증가로 사람, 차량, 선박, 항공체와 같은 움직이는 물체의 지리적 위치에 대한 엄청난 양의 데이터가 실시간으로 수집되고 있다. 이는 사물의 움직임과 관련된 중요한 학문적 및 실용적 가치를 가지고 있다. 이와 같은 데이터를 분석하기 위한 데이터 마이닝 방법 또한 함께 발전하고 있으며 연구자들은 궤적 데이터를 활용하여 도시에서 일어나는 이동 현상과 도시를 구성하는 장소 간의 관계 등을 탐색함으로써 다양한 도시 문제에 대한 해결방안을 제시하고 있다. 궤적은 다양한 물체의 움직임을 추적할 수 있는 만큼 그 활용 분야와 목적 역시 매우 다양하여 도시 계획, 교통, 행동생태학, 공공안전, 이상 및 위반 탐지, 감시 등과 같은 분야에서 널리 활용되고 있다. 특히 최근 데이터 마이닝 방법론과 딥러닝 기술의 발전으로 궤적 데이터 분석에 다양한 분석방법이 융합적으로 접목되어 의미 있는 연구결과 도출되고 있어 이에 대한 체계적 분석이 필요하다. 이러한 배경하에 본 연구는 궤적 데이터를 활용한 국내외 약 150여 편의 연구를 응용분야 및 활용방법론 별로 구분하고, 응용분야별, 궤적 데이터 분석 방법론별 최근 동향을 분석하였다. 이는 향후 궤적 데이터에 적용가능한 방법론 탐색, 궤적 데이터 분석과 관련된 구체적 사례 탐색, 궤적 데이터를 활용한 응용서비스 도출의 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

A new strawberry cultivar ‘Misohyang’ was originated from the cross between ‘Darselect’ and ‘Wongyo 3111’ in 2009. Among hybrids, ‘Misohyang’, a superior individual possessing vigorous growth, capacity to early differentiate flower buds, and excellent physiological characteristics, was selected. Several tests conducted from 2012 to 2014 revealed that this cultivar was suitable for forcing culture due to its faster flowering and harvest time than ‘Seolhyang’. Fruits of ‘Misohyang’ were conical in shape with a red color, which turned dark red color when fruits were fully ripened. Although sugar contents in ‘Misohyang’ fruits were lower than those in ‘Seolhyang’, their aromatic properties were excellent in terms of synergy effect on perception of sweet flavor. In addition, ‘Misohyang’ fruits could maintain high hardness despite a warm temperature during spring. These physiological characteristics of fruits contribute to its high yields in spring, with an average fruit weight of 20 g. Regarding disease resistance, ‘Misohyang’ showed sensitivity to powdery mildew during nursery period and fruit ripening stage. Since the cultivar ‘Misohyang’ has an excellent flavor with attractive red color, sustainable hardness, and high yields in spring, it is expected to be popularly consumed not only for its fresh fruits, but also for its processed fruits.

In this study, the dietary fiber content of 33 kinds of agricultural products and seaweeds was compared with that of raw products after heat treatment. To verify the total dietary fiber analysis method, the recovery rate was reviewed by measuring the total dietary fiber content for 4 standard certified substances. As a result, the recovery rate of the analysis value for the true value was 98.8%~103.1%, which was judged to be reliable. The total dietary fiber of vegetables ranged between 0.61~5.36 g/100 g for raw vegetables and 0.55~4.84 g/100 g for heat-treated vegetables. Among the 24 kinds of vegetables used in the analanalysis, the total dietary fiber content of heat-treated Korean radish (3.13 g/100 g) was the highest compared to that of raw radish (0.61 g/100 g). The total dietary fiber of beans was between 13.86~29.69 g/100 g for raw beans and 6.72~18.40 g/100 g for heat-treated beans. In particular, the total dietary fiber content of sword beans was the highest in both raw (29.69 g/100 g) and boiled (18.40 g/100 g) beans. The total dietary fiber content of the three types of seaweed was 1.93~4.85 g/100 g in raw seaweed and 0.99~5.72 g/100 g in heat-treated seaweed.

천수만과 태안해역의 제한영양염을 평가하기 위해 장기자료 분석과 생물검정실험을 진행하였다. 우선 잠재적인 제한영양염을 평가하기 위해 국가수질측정망에서 제공되는 2004~2016년 동안의 장기 영양염 자료를 이용하였다. 장기자료의 DIN/DIP를 분석한 결과 대 부분 16이하로 N 제한이 우세하였지만 N, P, Si의 농도비를 이용한 분석에서는 하계와 추계에는 N 제한이 우세하였고, 동계와 춘계에는 해역에 따라 일부 Si 제한을 보이거나 또는 제한이 나타나지 않았다. 생물검정실험 시 채집된 현장수의 영양염 분석결과, DIN/DIP는 3월 과 5월에 모든 정점에서 P 제한을 나타냈고, 7월과 10월에는 N 제한이 우세하였다. N, P, Si의 농도비를 이용한 분석에서 3월과 5월은 P와 Si 제한을 보이거나 제한영양염이 나타나지 않은 정점이 존재하였으나 7월과 10월에는 N 제한이 우세하였다. 실질적인 제한영양염을 평 가하기 위해 수행된 생물검정실험 결과 3월에는 특정 제한영양염이 나타나지 않았으나, 5월, 7월 10월에는 NH4 +와 NO3 -가 반응을 보임으 로서 이 시기에는 N이 식물플랑크톤 성장에 직접 관여하는 실질적인 제한영양염임을 확인하였다.