The present study was carried out to investigate the concentration and species diversity of airborne fungi in thermophilic mushroom cultivation houses. Fungal concentration measurements were performed in April and May 2022 for a Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation house, in July and August 2023 for a Pleurotus sajor-caju and Agaricus blazei cultivation house, and in June, July and August 2023 for a Pleurotus pulmonarius, Pleurotus sajor-caju and Calocybe indica cultivation house. The airborne fungal concentration was 2.95 × 102 CFU/m3~105CFU/m3, above 105CFU/m3, and 1.12 × 103 CFU/m3~ 9.17 × 103 CFU/m3 in the three cultivation houses, respectively. A total of 8 genera and 22 species of airborne fungi were isolated from three mushroom cultivation houses. 5 genera and 7 species were identified from P. ostreatus cultivation house. Furthermore, 4 genera 6 species were found from A. blazei and C. indica cultivation house. In addition, 5 genera and15 species were isolated from P. pulmonarius, P. sajor-caju and C. indica cultivation house. Among the fungi isolated, the class of Eurotiomycetes was the most common. Among the 22 fungal species, Aspergillus flavus, A. ochraceus A. sydowii, A. tubingensis, A. westerdijkiae, Penicillium brevicompactum, P. citrinum, and P. steckii have been reported as harmful species to mushrooms, food, and human.

Purpose: This study aims to explore the in-depth experiences of participating in a parent education program at the H Science Institute and understand the meaning and essence of their experiences. Methods: This study employed qualitative content analysis. Data were collected from June 20 to 30, 2023. Participants were a total of 28 people who could provide detailed experiences of participation in the parent education program at the H Science Institute. Focus-group interviews were conducted with 28 participants. Results: The qualitative content analysis revealed six themes: “Exploring the genuine path to become a parent”, “Precious experiences acquired through education that is not easily accessible”, “Discovering the transformed self through education”, “I believe that there had been a change in family relationships”, “Improvements are required in a few contents”, and “I look forward to the program with more extended outreach”. Conclusion: Efforts are required to understand the current status of parent education, verify its empirical effectiveness, and provide parents with awareness of the necessity to observe and control their minds.

Airborne bacteria in mushroom growing environments are a potential risk of contamination in commercial mushroom production. Controlling contamination in mushroom farms requires understanding the bacterial ecology in the cultivation environment. This study was conducted to investigate the concentration and species diversity of floating bacteria in a thermophilic mushroom cultivation room. Temperature, humidity, temperature, humidity, and bacterial concentration measurements were performed in April and May 2022 for a Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation house, in July and August 2023 for a Pleurotus sajor-caju and a Agaricus blazei cultivation house, and in June, July and August 2023 for a Pleurotus pulmonarius, Pleurotus sajor-caju and Calocybe indica cultivation house. The airborne bacterial concentration was 5.27 × 103~105 CFU/m3, 3.81 × 102 ~1.37 × 103 CFU/m3, and 2.55 × 102 ~1.37 × 102 CFU/m3 in the three cultivation houses, respectively. A total of 23 genera and 37 species of airborne bacteria were isolated from the three mushroom cultivation houses. 12 genera and 18 species were identified from P. ostreatus cultivation house. Furthermore, 4 genera and 4 species were found from A. blazei and C. indica cultivation house. In addition, 11 genera and 18 species were isolated from P. pulmonarius, P. sajor-caju and C. indica cultivation house. Among the bacteria isolated, the Bacilli class was the most common, followed by Gammaproteobacteria. Among the 37 bacterial species, it was determined that Bacillus cereus, B. licheniformis, Cedecea neteri, Exiguobacterium acetylicum and Raoultella terrigena could negatively affect humans or foodstuff. Cedecea neteri is also known to cause diseases among mushrooms.

Bemisia tabaci Gennadius, one of the most invasive insect pests, has spread quickly nationwide since it was introduced to South Korea in 2008. The use of insecticides is the main management strategy for this pest, but the control efficiency has been decreased due to insecticide resistance. We collected 12 local B. tabaci populations to investigate the regional differences in efficiency and observed the mortality from 14 commercial insecticides applied at recommended concentrations (RC) and dilutions (0.1 RC and 0.01 RC) using the leaf dipping bioassay. Except for etofenprox (46-64%), thiamethoxam (37-60%), pyriproxyfen (21-61%), and pyridaben (61-65%), the other insecticides showed excellent insecticidal efficacy of 70% to 100% at their RC. In particular, flupyradifurone, emamectin benzoate, and cyantraniliprole showed high insecticidal efficacy of over 90% in all of the tested populations. Some insecticides that rapidly decreased in activity (less than 30%) at diluted concentrations or showed high resistance levels in nearby regions were classified for cautious use due to the possibility or potential to develop resistance. The results provide selected insecticides for B. tabaci control by region and could contribute to reducing insecticide abuse and increasing insecticidal efficiency in farming fields.

This study was performed to investigate antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of perilla(Perilla frutescens L.) seed, flower and leaf according to extraction condition. Perilla seed extracts(PSE), perilla flower extracts(PFE), perilla leaf extracts(PLE) was extracted by stirring extraction (STE, 25°C), shaking extraction (SHE, 80°C), and sonication assisted extraction(SAE, , 25°C) with 94% ethanol, 60% ethanol and distilled water, followed by analysis of total polyphenol and flavonoid and testing radical scavenging activities. The highest total polyphenol content (5.47, 9.36, 38.58 mg gallic acid equivalent/g), total flavonoid content(5.77, 8.62, 46.44 mg catechin equivalent/g), ABTS(10.68, 19.46, 63.56 mg trolox equivalent/g) and DPPH(6.51, 7.69, 79.73 mg trolox equivalent/g) radical scavenging activity of PSE, PFE and PLE was observed in the HWE with 60% ethanol,. Among the three extraction method, SHE provided the best results for yield, polyphenol, flavonoid content of perilla seed, flower, leaf in comparison to STE or SAE. SHE with 60% ethanol of perilla seed, flower, leaf more effectively inhibited secretion of nitric oxide(NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokine in RAW 264.7 macrophage exposed to LPS compared to other extraction solvent and method. Therefore, these extracts obtained from perilla seed, flower, leaf could be used antioxidant and anti-inflammatory ingredients in the food industry.

좁은가슴잎벌레는 십자화과작물을 가해하는 해충으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 온도가 좁은가슴잎벌레의 발육단계별 발육기간, 성충의 수 명과 산란특성에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 성충 전 발육단계는 15, 20, 25, 27.5°C에서, 성충은 10, 15, 20, 25, 27.5°C 항온조건에서 조사하였 다. 알과 유충은 항온조건에서 다음 발육 단계로 성공적으로 발육하였다. 알, 유충, 번데기의 발육기간은 온도가 상승할수록 짧아지는 경향을 보 였다. 좁은가슴잎벌레의 발육영점온도, 유효적산온일도는 선형회귀분석을 통해 추정하였으며 알에서 성충출현까지 발육영점온도와 유효적산온 일도는 8.7°C와 344.73DD였다. 좁은가슴잎벌레 발육단계별 최저, 최고 온도의 한계는 Briere함수를 이용하여 추정하였으며 알에서 성충출현 까지 최저, 최고한계는 5.3°C와 40.4°C였다. 성충은 10°C와 27.5°C 범위에서 산란이 가능하였고 21.7°C에서 최대 약 627.5개의 알을 낳는 것 으로 추정되었다. 노화율, 나이별 생존율, 나이별 누적산란율, 온도의존 산란수와 관련된 성충모델들을 작성하였다. 본 연구에서 제시한 온도발육 모형과 성충산란모형은 좁은가슴잎벌레 개체군동태를 이해하는데 유용할 것이며 십자화과작물의 종합적 해충군관리체계를 마련하는데 기초자 료로 활용될것으로 기대된다.

The objective of this study was to investigate the distribution of functional compounds in perilla leaves of various genetic resources and their antioxidant activities. A comprehensive analysis of functional compounds was conducted for 90 genetic resources, focusing on total polyphenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), individual phenolic content (IPC), and lutein. Their antioxidant activities were then analyzed based on their radical scavenging capacity using ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). The TPC content exhibited a range of 13.19 to 35.85 mg gallic acid equivalent/g, whereas the TFC content varied from 11.74 to 46.51 mg catechin equivalent/g. Total IPC was detected in a range of 6,310.98 to 40,491.82 μg/g. Lutein was detected at levels between 70.97 and 597.97 μg/g. ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activities of perilla leaves ranged from 30.39 to 58.58 mg trolox equivalent (TE)/g and from 7.74 to 46.56 mg TE/g, respectively. Furthermore, correlation analysis demonstrated that rosmarinic acid, a phenolic acid, exhibited a significantly positive correlation with antioxidant activity. These findings suggest that various genetic resource of perilla leaves could effectively mediate antioxidant capacity. Results of this study provide valuable information for use of perilla leaves in Korea as functional food materials.

본 연구는 한국인 인구집단에서 폭식행동, 음식중독을 식별하고, 해당 증상들이 비만 및 섭식행 동, 정신건강, 인지적 특성과 어떠한 연관성을 보이는지 규명하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 정상체중 및 비만 체중에 해당하는 한국인 성인 257명을 대상으로 섭식문제(예: 폭식, 음식중독, 음식갈망), 정신건강(예: 우 울), 인지기능(예: 충동성, 정서조절)에 관한 임상심리검사 척도를 측정하였다. 비만 여부와 성별에 따라 그 룹을 나누었을 때, 비만체중 여성에서 폭식행동이 46.6%, 음식중독이 29.3%로 가장 빈도가 높았다. 성향 점수 매칭 후 데이터로 독립성 검정을 수행한 결과, 폭식행동 및 음식중독이 비만체중 집단에서 정상체중 집단보다 더 많이 나타나는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 폭식행동과 음식중독 유무에 각 심리검사 척도 요인이 미치는 영향력을 파악하고자, 전진선택법을 적용한 로지스틱 회귀모델을 구축하였다. 로지스틱 회귀분석 결과, 폭식행동에는 섭식장애, 음식갈망, 상태불안, 정서조절(인지적 재해석) 및 음식중독이 주로 관여하였 고, 음식중독에는 음식갈망, 폭식행동과 함께 비만과 연령의 교호작용, 교육년수가 유의하게 작용하는 것으 로 나타났다. 본 연구는 한국인 성인을 대상으로 한 체계적 연구로서, 폭식행동과 음식중독이 여성 및 비만 인에서 특히 더 많이 나타남을 확인하였다. 폭식행동과 음식중독에는 일부 섭식문제(예: 음식갈망)가 공통되게 관여하나, 정신건강 및 인지적 위험요인에는 차이가 있었다. 따라서 음식중독과 폭식행동은 서로 구 별되는 개념으로 두고, 각각의 기질적·환경적 위험요인을 깊이 있게 탐구하는 것이 필요하다.

스트레스 자극에 대한 심혈관계 및 교감신경계 과활성화 반응은 향후 심혈관계 질환 발생 및 심장 돌연사의 위험을 증가시킨다. 음악 청취는 자율신경계 기능을 향상시켜 안정 시 긴장 이완을 유도하 는 것으로 알려져 있으나 음악이 스트레스 상황에서의 과도한 심혈관 반응을 완화 시킬 수 있는지에 대한 연구는 부족하다. 본 연구는 음악청취가 스트레스 자극에 대한 심혈관 반응성을 완화시켜 줄 수 있을지 검 증하였다. 15명의 건강한 성인(남자 9명, 여성 6명)을 대상으로 무작위 교차 실험 설계로 진행하였다. 음악 처치는 음악을 30분간 청취하였고 통제 처치는 30분간 휴식을 취하였다. 냉압박 검사로 교감신경계를 자극 하였으며, 변인으로 심박수, 상완 및 중심동맥 혈압과 심박변이도(heart rate variability)를 측정하였다. 연 구 결과, 음악 처치와 통제 처치 모두 냉압박 검사 중 심박수와 혈압 반응이 유의하게 증가하였으나(p < .001), 처치와 시기 간 상호작용 효과는 유의하지 않았다. 회복 구간에서 상완동맥 수축기혈압이 음악처치 그룹에서만 유의하게 감소하였다(p = 0.008). 나머지 혈압 변인들도 음악중재 그룹에서 더 완화되는 경향이 나타났으나 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다. 심박변이도는 음악 처치 전후로 음악 처치 그룹에서만 SDNN(standard deviation of the NN intervals), TP(total power)와 HF(high frequency)값이 유의하게 증 가하였다(p = 0.001, p = 0.002, p = 0.011). 따라서 음악 청취는 스트레스 이후의 회복력을 촉진시킬 가능 성이 있다. 음악 처치의 구체적인 변인들을 고려하여 과도한 심혈관 반응에 대한 보호 효과로서의 음악 청 취에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요하다.

Food upcycling has emerged as an effective approach to sustainably utilize the food waste generated within the food supply chain. This review article examines upcycled food with respect to its definition, consumers’ knowledge and perception on it, and the process by which by-products from the food supply chain are utilized for the creation of upcycled food products. The definition of upcycled food varied among manufacturers, research institutions, and the Upcycled Food Association, depending on the specific values and objectives of each sector. This has resulted in the use of different keywords to highlight the distinctive characteristics of their respective interpretations of upcycled food. This review also summarizes the various consumer traits that can influence the awareness and acceptance of upcycled food, encompassing functional, empirical and emotional, symbolic and self-expressive, and economic benefits. Additionally, the review presents strategies to utilize by-products produced in large quantities in Korea, while also addressing the control of hazardous components to ensure biological or chemical safety and the changes in nutritional value that may occur during the utilization of these byproducts.

이 연구의 목적은 서양고지도에 표시된 ‘달의 산맥’의 지리적 위치와 시대별 위치 변화를 조사하는 것이다. 이를 위해 중세부터 ‘달의 산맥’이 지도에서 사라진 19세기말까지 간행된 지도를 조사하여, 시대별 특성을 정리했다. 조사 결과 1320년 이전에 는 나일강 수원은 오로시우스의 영향을 받아 지도상에 표시되었고, ‘달의 산맥’은 나일강 수원으로 표시되지 않았다. 1321년 이후에 야 이슬람 지도의 영향으로 ‘달의 산맥’이 표현되기 시작했으며, 15세기에는 프톨레마이오스가 언급한 경위도 좌표에 ‘달의 산맥’을 표기된 지도가 다수를 차지함을 확인했다. 이후 이슬람 여행자들에 의해 수집한 일차자료를 반영하여, 달의 산맥’의 위치를 변경시 킨 지도가 등장했으며, ‘달의 산맥’ 정상에 지상낙원을 배치하기도 했다. 계몽시대의 지리학자들은 ‘달의 산맥’을 지도에서 삭제했으 나, 19세기에는 콩 산맥과 이어지는 거대한 아프리카 횡단 산맥으로 지도에 표현되었음을 확인했다.

This study investigated the hazard factors based on imported food non-compliance and global food hazard information for the last 4 years to suggest imported food safety management. Food safety management on utensils or packaging containers is appropriately managed for the compounds derived from them. Food safety management on health-functional foods, processed foods, and agricultural products is concentrated on ingredient contents, food additives, and pesticide residuals. Additional hazards are illegal compounds, mycotoxins & pesticide residuals, hygieneindicator microorganisms and food-borne pathogens in health-functional foods, processed foods, and agricultural products, respectively. The continuous increase in hazards related to safety and hygiene in global food hazard information needs additional attention. To reduce the hazard factors, this study proposes that imported food be limited to products certified by HACCP or an equivalent food safety management system because registering foreign food facilities for processed and health-functional foods is mandatory. Additionally, the customs clearance inspections should focus on the hazard factors derived from the global food hazard information system. This study suggests a global food hazard information system that could derive frequently issued hazard factors at a given period and newly issued hazard factors in aspects, such as food items, subcategories, and exporting countries.

The purpose of this study was to verify the sensitive areas when the AI determines osteoporosis for the entire area of the panoramic radiograph. Panoramic radiographs of a total of 1,156 female patients(average age of 49.0±24.0 years) were used for this study. The panoramic radiographs were diagnosed as osteoporosis and the normal by Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology specialists. The VGG16 deep learning convolutional neural network(CNN) model was used to determine osteoporosis and the normal from testing 72 osteoporosis(average age of 73.7±8.0 years) and 93 normal(average age of 26.4±5.1 years). VGG16 conducted a gradient-weighted class activation mapping(Grad-CAM) visualization to indicate sensitive areas when determining osteoporosis. The accuracy of CNN in determining osteoporosis was 100%. Heatmap image from 72 panoamic radiographs of osteoporosis revealed that CNN was sensitive to the cervical vertebral in 70.8%(51/72), the cortical bone of the lower mandible in 72.2%(52/72), the cranial base area in 30.6%(22/72), the cancellous bone of the mandible in 33.3%(24/72), the cancellous bone of the maxilla in 20.8%(15/72), the zygoma in 8.3%(6/72), and the dental area in 5.6%(4/72). Consideration: it was found that the cervical vertebral area and the cortical bone of the lower mandible were sensitive areas when CNN determines osteoporosis in the entire area of panoramic radiographs.