Hopum is a new japonica rice cultivar developed from the cross between Milyang165 and F1 crossing Milyang165 and Iksan438 at Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, NICS, RDA, in 2006. This cultivar has a short grain shape and about 141 days growth duration from direct seeding to harvesting in the southern plain including Chungcheong province. This cultivar has short culm and spikelet number per panicle is similar to that of Nampyeongbyeo, while filled grain rate is lower than standard variety. This cultivar has medium size of brown rice and shows moderate resistance to leaf blast, to bacterial blight pathogens of K1, K2 and K3 and stripe virus disease but susceptible to major virus diseases and insect pests. The milled kernel of Hopum is translucent with non-glutinous endosperm. Protein and amylose content of Hopum is about 6.5% and 18.7%, respectively. This cultivar has better palatability of cooked rice than Chucheongbyeo harvested in Gyeongki province. Its milling recovery (76.8%) and percentage of perfect-shaped milled rice (94.7%) were higher than Nampyeongbyeo. The milled rice yield of Hopum was 5.83 MT/ha (15% higher than Juan) under wet-direct seeding, 5.66 MT/ha (8% higher than Juan) under dry-direct seeding, and 6.00 MT/ha (8% higher than Nampyeong) under ordinary transplanting cultivation. “opum”would be adaptable for ordinary transplanting and direct seeding in the southern plain including Chungcheong province.

Manna is a new japonica rice cultivar developed from the cross between Iksan438 and Ilmibyeo by the rice breeding team of Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, RDA, in 2005. This cultivar has a short grain shape and about 97 days growth duration from late transplanting to harvesting under Korean climatic conditions. It is resistant to lodging with average 70 cm of culm length. The milled kernels of Manna are translucent with non-glutinous endosperm. It has about 19% amylose content and good palatability of cooked rice compared with Geumobyeo. This cultivar shows resistance to leaf blast and neck blast but susceptibility to bacterial blight and stripe virus diseases. The milled rice yield potential of Manna is about 5.05 MT/ha under the late transplanting cultivation. Manna would be adaptable for the middle and Honam plain of Korea.

‘Saenuri’ is a new japonica rice variety developed and registered by the rice breeding team of Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, NICS, RDA in 2007. This variety was derived from a cross between Gyehwa17 with lodging tolerance and high yield potential, and HR14026-B-68-6-1-5 with resistance to diseases and good eating quality. This variety has about 124 days growth duration from transplanting to harvesting in west-southern coast, Honam and Youngnam plain of Korea. It is about 78 cm in culm length and tolerance to lodging. In reaction to biotic and abiotic stresses, it shows moderately resistance to blast, and resistance to bacterial blight pathogen races from K1 to K3 and stripe virus, but susceptible to other major diseases and insect pests. The milled rice of “Saenuri” exhibits translucent, relatively clear non-glutinous endosperm and midium short grain. It has similar amylose content of 19.0% and lower protein content of 6.1%, and good palatability of cooked rice compared with Nampyeongbyeo. The milled rice yield performance of this variety is about 5.71MT/ha in local adaptability test for three years. “Saenuri” would be adaptable to west-southern coast, Honam and Youngnam plain of Korea.

“aegseolchal”is a new Japonica type waxi rice variety developed and registered by the rice breeding team of Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, NICS, RDA in 2007. This variety was derived from a across between Iksan435 which is highly tolerant to lodging and high yield potential, and Iksan425 which is resistance to multiple diseases. This variety has about 120 days of growth duration from transplanting to harvesting in middle, Honam and Youngnam plain of Korea. It is about 80 cm in culm length and tolerant to lodging. It is moderately resistant to blast, and resistance to bacterial blight pathogen races from K1 to K3, but susceptible to other major diseases and insect pests. “aegseolchal”is midium-short grain and the milled rice exhibits high whiteness. The milled rice yield was about 5.37 MT/ha in local adaptability test for three years. “aegseolchal” would be adaptable to plain areas south of the Chungnam Province of Korea.

‘Gangbaek’ is a japonica rice variety developed and registered by the rice breeding team of Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, NICS, RDA in 2006. ‘Gangbaek’ was derived from a cross between ‘Suweon345’ with good grain quality and ‘DV85’ resistant to bacterial blight, K3a. F1 plants were grown in the greenhouse in winter of 1992/1993 and backcrossed with ‘Suweon345’ as the recurrent parent. Plants resistant to K3a race of bacterial blight (BB) were selected from BC1F1 to BC4F1 and used as parents in the backcrossing processes. This variety has about 120 days growth duration from transplanting to harvesting in west-southern coast and Honam plain of Korea. It is about 69 cm in culm length and tolerance to lodging. In reaction to biotic and abiotic stresses, it shows moderately resistance to blast, and resistance to bacterial blight pathogen, K1, K2, K3 and K3a, but susceptible to other major diseases and insect pests. The milled rice of ‘Gangbaek’ exhibits translucent, relatively clear non-glutinous endosperm and midium short grain. It has lower amylose content of 18.6% and protein content of 6.4% compared with ‘Nampyeongbyeo’. The milled rice yield performance of this variety is about 5.28 MT/ha in local adaptability test for three years. This cultivar would be adaptable to the bacterial blight-prone area in the south-western coastal and Honam plain of Korea.

국내 육성 조생종 품종(7개) 및 우량계통(47개)을 대상으로 중국 운남성에 위치한 쿤밍, 아징 지역에서 출수일수, 간장, 수장, 임실율 등 내냉성 관련형질을 조사하였다. 기상 특성에 있어서 벼 재배 기간동안 고위도 저지대인 쿤밍기온은 우리나라와 달리 월별로 큰 변화 없이 일정하였다. 최저기온의 경우 벼의 이앙․분얼기인 5월과6월에는 쿤밍지역이 운봉보다 더 높으나, 출수․등숙기인7, 8월에는 쿤밍, 아징 지역의 최저기온이 더 낮았다. 벼의 냉해를 유발할 수 있는 한계온도 범위인17～19℃를 기록한 날은 아징, 쿤밍, 운봉의 순으로 많았다. 내냉성 관련 형질 중 출수일수의 경우 쿤밍에서 평균130일로 조사되었다. 이는 운봉의 무처리구 보다 26일 정도 지연된 것이며, 온도가 낮았던 아징은 쿤밍보다 평균 10일 정도 출수가 지연되었다. 조사대상 재료들의 간장은 쿤밍에서 63±5.9cm, 아징이 54±5.5cm로 약 10cm의 간장단축율을 나타내었다. 한편 운봉의 무처리구는 76.7±5.0cm, 냉수처리구는 69.7±6.4cm로 조사되었다. 수장의 경우에는 쿤밍이 19.0±1.0cm, 아징은 16.4±0.9cm로 약 3cm 정도 수장이 단축되었다. 임실률은 쿤밍에서 42±22.2%로 조사되었다. 품종별로는 오대벼(74.8%), 황금보라(66.7%), 운광벼(61.2%), 소백벼(42.3%), 삼백벼(26%) 순으로 임실율이 높았다. 아징의 경우 임실률이 5%이하로 불임이 상당히 높았고, 또한 이삭추출도 역시 불량하였다. 이와 같이 냉해 유발 기상조건을 가진 지역에서 출수지연, 간장단축, 이삭추출불량, 임실율 감소 등의 변화가 나타났으며, 이들 내냉성 관련 형질 중 임실감소율은 시험재료에 따라 변이가 커 유용한 내냉성 선발지표가 될 수 있었다.

벼의 황숙기 이후의 잦은 강우와 낮은 휴면성으로 인해 발생하는 수발아는 수량감소는 물론 미질을 떨어뜨려 품질에 악영향을 초래한다. 최근의 지구온난화와 같은 이상기후에 의한 등숙기 고온과 강우는 수발아 발생의 위험성을 증가시키고 있다. 이에 국내178개 육성 품종을 대상으로 수발아 검정을 실시하였다. 수발아율이 60%이상인 품종은 21품종, 11～60%는 84품종, 10%이하의 품종은 69품종이었다. 10%이하의 수발아율을 보인 품종을 살펴보면 검정에 공시된 18개의 통일형 품종 모두 이 군에 속하였고, 나머지 51품종은 자포니카형 품종이었다. 숙기별로는18개 통일형은 중생종이었고, 자포니카형 품종 중 오대벼 포함 24개 품종이 조생종, 동진1호 포함11품종이 중생종, 남평벼와 황금누리를 포함한 중만생종이 16품종이었다.

신간척지에 조기에 벼를 재배하기 위해서는 내염성 품종개발을 필요로 한다. 내염성 벼 개발을 위해 애기장대로부터 클로닝한 NHX1(Na+/H+ antiporter) 유전자를 아그로박테리움을 이용하여 벼에 형질전환하였다. BNHX1 형질전환체 T3 23계통, NHX1 형질전환체 T6 64계통을 선발하고 내염성 유묘검정을 수행하였다. 이 검정을 토대로 염에 대한 저항성을 5개 그룹으로 나누어 염에 대한 생육변화와 무기이온 함유량을 비교분석하였다. 내염성 벼인 인디카 계열의 Pokkali와 형질전환 계통일수록 초기 생육이 좋았고, 특히 염스트레스 초기에 뿌리생장이 염에 약한 계통보다 3~4배 큰 생장변화를 나타냈다. 또한 줄기부위의 양이온(Ca2+, K+, Mg2+ ) 함유량의 변화폭이 크며, Pokkali와 염에 강한 계통의 경우 염처리 시기동안 줄기부위의 Na+ 함유량이 염에 약한 계통보다 2~3배 적은 것을 확인하였다. 이렇게 선발된 내염성 계통은 간척지 적응성 내염성 벼 개발을 위한 중간모본으로 이용하고자 한다.

“Unmi” is a new japonica rice variety developed by the rice breeding team of Honam Agricultural Research Institute, NICS, RDA in 2007. This variety was developed from a across between Samcheonbyeo with lodging and cold tolerance and HR17870 derived from the cross of Iksan435 (Sobibyeo) and Sangju17 with resistance to diseases and good quality. This variety has about 110 days of growth duration from transplanting to harvesting in northern plain, northern and southern mid-mountainous areas of South Korea. It is about 68 cm in culm length and tolerant to lodging. In reaction to biotic and abiotic stresses, it shows moderate resistance to blast, and to bacterial blight pathogen races from K1 to K3, but susceptible to other major diseases and insect pests. The milled rice of “Unmi” is translucent and has relatively clear non-glutinous endosperm and medium short grain. It has about 17.3% amylose content, 6.3% of protein and similar palatability of cooked rice compared with Odaebyeo. The milled rice yield performance of this variety is about 5.16 MT/ha under the standard fertilizer level of the ordinary transplanting cultivation. “Unmi” would be adaptable for ordinary transplanting in the northern plain, northern and southern mid-mountainous area of South Korea.

“unbora”is a new japonica rice cultivar developed from a cross between Iksan433 resistant to bacterial blight and Miyadamamochi, a waxy line. at Honam Agricultural Research Institute, NICS, RDA, in 2006. This cultivar is a short grain shape and about 118 days of growth duration from transplanting “unbora”to harvesting under Korean climatic conditions. The milled rice are snow white and glutinuous. This cultivar shows high resistant reactions to the bacterial blight pathogen race K1～K3 and blast respectively. The milled rice yield of “unbora”is about 5.34 MT/ha under the standard fertilizer level of the ordinary transplanting cultivation. “unbora”would be adaptable for in the middle plain, north middle-mountin plain and Honam plain, and Youngnam plain areas of Korea.

“wangkeumbora”is a new japonica rice cultivar developed from a three way cross of Jinbubyeo, Odaebyeo and Fukei126 at Honam Agricultural Reaserch Institute (HARI), NICS, RDA, in 2006. This cultivar has about 110 days growth duration from transplanting to harvesting under Korean climate condition. The milled kernel of “wangkeumbora”is translucent with non- glutinous endosperm. Amylose content of “wangkeumbora”is about 19.3%. “wangkeumbora”has better palatability of cooked rice compared with “daebyeo”and shows high resistant reaction to the blast, but susceptible to major diseases and insect pests. The milled rice yield of "Hwangkeumbora" is about 5.37 MT/ha under the standard fertilizer level of the ordinary transplanting cultivation. “wangkeumbora”would be adaptable for ordinary transplanting in northern plain, mid-mountainous and southern mountainous of Korea.

Hwangeumnodeul is a new japonica rice cultivar developed from a cross between Milyang165 and HR15151-B-21-3 at Honam Agricultural Research Institute (HARI), NICS, RDA, in 2007. This cultivar has short grains and about 139 days of growth duration from direct seeding to harvesting in the southern plain areas. Culm length of this cultivar is 78 cm and the number of spikelet per panicle is similar to that of the check cultivar, Nampyeongbyeo, while filled grain rate is lower than the check variety. This cultivar is moderately resistant to leaf blast, bacterial blight pathogens of K1, K2 and K3 and stripe virus but susceptible to major virus diseases and insect pests. Milled kernel of Hwanggeumnodeul is translucent with non-glutinous endosperm. This cultivar has about 5.7% and 18.6% of protein and amylose contents, respectively. Palatability of cooked rice of Hwanggeumnodeul is similar to Nampyeongbyeo. Its milling recovery and head rice were 75.6% and 90.0%, respectively. Hwanggeumnodeul yielded 5.69 and 5.61 MT/ha in milled rice at the under wet-direct and dry-direct seeding conditions, respectively which are 17% and 12% higher than the check variety, Juanbyeo. It yielded 5.86 MT/ha, 8% higher than Nampyeongbyeo at the standard fertilizer level of the ordinary transplanting cultivation. “wanggeumnodeul”would be adaptable for ordinary transplanting as well as direct seeding in the southern plain including Chungcheong province.

‘nnuri’is a japonica rice cultivar developed from the cross between ‘ilyang 165’and HR14732-B-67-2-3 at Honam Agricultural Research Institute (HARI), NICS, RDA, in 2005. This cultivar has a short grain shape and about 121 days growth duration from transplanting to harvesting in Korean climate condition. In reaction to biotic and abiotic stresses, it shows resistance to blast, bacterial blight pathogen from K1 to K3 and stripe virus, but susceptible to other major diseases and insect pests. The milled kernel of ‘nnuri’is translucent with non-glutinous endosperm. It has about 18.6% of amylose content and better palatability of cooked rice compared with ‘hucheongbyeo’cultivated in Kyunggi province. The milled rice yield of ‘nnuri’is about 5.94 MT/ha under the standard fertilizer level of the ordinary transplanting cultivation. ‘nnuri’would be adaptable to southern plain of Cheonan, middle-northern plain, and southern mid-mountainous of Korea.

“Dami”is a new japonica rice variety developed and registered by the rice breeding team of Honam Agricultural Research Institute, NICS, RDA in 2006. This variety was derived from a cross between Iksan438 with lodging tolerance and high yield potential, and Iksan426 This variety has about 122 days of growth duration from transplanting to harvesting in Honam and Youngnam plain of Korea. It is about 83 cm in culm length and tolerance to lodging. In reaction to biotic stresses, it shows moderately resistance to blast, and resistance to bacterial blight pathogen races from K1 to K3, but susceptible to other major diseases and insect pests. The milled rice of “ami”has high Quality, midium short grain. The milled rice yield of this variety is about 5.92 MT/ha in local adaptability test for three years. “ami”would be adaptable to Middle plain, Honam plain and Youngnam plain area of Korea.

“ongjin2”is a new japonica rice cultivar developed from the cross between Milyang165 with short culm and lodging resistance and F1 plant of Iksan438, HR14018-B-1-1 and Iksan435 with high palatability at Honam Agricultural Research Institute (HARI), NICS, RDA in 2005. This cultivar has short grain shape and about 143 days growth duration from direct seeding to harvesting under Korean climate condition. The milled kernels of “ongjin2”is translucent with non-glutinous endosperm. It has about 19.3% of amylose content and better palatability of cooked rice compared with “ampyeongbyeo” This cultivar shows high resistance reaction to the bacterial blight pathogene race from K1 to K3, blast and stripe virus but susceptible to insect pests. “ongjin2”yields about 5.71 and 5.74 MT/ha under the wet direct seeding and the transplanting at standard fertilizer level. “ongjin2”would be adaptable for the southern plain area of Korea.

‘'Sinunbong 1’' is a japonica rice cultivar developed from the cross between “"Sangjubyeo”", high yield cultivar and ‘'Unbong 17’', cold tolerance at Honam Agricultural Research Institute (HARI), NICS, RDA, in 2005. This cultivar has a short grain shape and about 111 days growth duration from transplanting to harvesting in Korean climate condition. This cultivar shows high resistant reaction to the blast, but susceptible to bacterial blight and strip virus. This variety has cold tolerance, compared to Odaebyeo. The milled kernels of ‘'Sinunbong 1’' are translucent with non-glutinous endosperm. It has about 19.2% of amylose content and better palatability of cooked rice compared with ‘'Odaebyeo’'. The milled rice yield of ‘'Sinunbong 1’' is about 5.46 MT/ha under the standard fertilizer level of the ordinary transplanting cultivation. ‘'Sinunbong 1’' would be adaptable to the northern plain, mid-mountainous, southern mountainous of Korea.

‘'Hwangkeumnuri’' is a japonica rice variety developed and registered by the rice breeding team of Honam Agricultural Research Institute, NICS, RDA in 2006. This variety was derived from a cross between ‘'Milyang 165’' (Junambyeo) with good quality and high yield and HR14732-B-67-2-3 with multi-disease resistance. This variety has about 125 days growth duration from transplanting to harvesting in west-southern coast, Honam and Youngnam plain of Korea. It is about 76 cm in culm length and tolerance to lodging. In reaction to biotic and abiotic stresses, it shows resistance to blast, bacterial blight pathogen from K1 to K3 and stripe virus, but susceptible to other major diseases and insect pests. The milled rice of ‘'Hwangkeumnuri’' exhibits translucent, relatively clear non-glutinous endosperm and midium short grain. It has similar amylose content of 18.9% and lower protein content of 6.2%, and good palatability of cooked rice compared with ‘'Nampyeongbyeo’'. The milled rice yield performance of this variety is about 5.74 MT/ha in local adaptability test for three years. ‘'Hwangkeumnuri’' would be adaptable to west-southern coast, Honam and Yeongnam plain of Korea.