가축(돈)분뇨는 고농도의 유기성폐기물로서 높은 함수율을 나타내고 있기 때문에 처리에 중점을 두어야 할 부분이 수분 처리 방법이다. 이에 기존 가축분뇨 처리방법으로 고상과 액상을 분리하여 고상은 퇴비화, 액상은 액비화 또는 정화 처리 후 하천에 방류하여 방류수 기준을 만족하는 방법을 사용하고 있다. 하지만 본 연구에서는 기존기술개발의 차별화 및 기존기술의 회피 전략을 위해, 돈분뇨의 유기물을 고온발효미생물에 의해 분해하여 85℃ 이상의 열에너지를 발생시켜 수분을 제거하는 무방류시스템이다. 여기에 유기물 BOD, COD의 농도변화는 발효조 진행방향에 따라 현저하게 감소되어 90%, 80%의 제거효율을 나타내었으며, 질소 성분인 T-N, NH3-N 역시 발효조 진행방향에 따라 각각 72%, 74%의 제거효율을 나타내었다. 뿐만 아니라 고체연료의 발열량을 높이기 위해 무연탄, 코크스, 기름 등의 열량보조제를 첨가하는 기존 방법 대신에 돈분에 적당량의 퇴비를 첨가한 고체연료 제조방법으로 4,500kcal/kg 이상의 높은 발열량을 얻을 수 있었다. 화석연료의 연소 등에 의한 2차 오염을 방지할 수 있으며, 생산 단가가 저렴한 친환경 기술이다. 따라서 본 무방류시스템은 고온발효미생물의 발열반응에 의해 가축분뇨를 저렴한 비용으로 고액 동시에 처리 할 수 있으며, 높은 발열량의 고체연료를 제조할 수 있는 새로운 기술이다.

본 연구에서는 소비자들의 이해를 돕고자 건강에 좋은 육류로 알려져 있는 백색육(오리고기, 닭고기)와 말고기의 식품학적 성분을 비교하여 기초자료를 얻고자 하였다. 말 고기는 저지방 고단백 저콜레스테롤 육류임을 확인할 수 있었으며, 총 아미노산에 대한 필수 아미노산(어린이)의 비율은 말고기의 등심 부위와 닭고기(가슴살)이 유의적으 로 높은 것으로 나타났다. 말고기의 palmitoleic acid의 비율 은 오리고기 및 닭고기에 비해 최대 2.6배 가량, linolenic acid의 비율은 최대 4.1배 가량 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 유의적 차이가 인정되었다. 다가불포화지방산(PUFA)의 비 율은 말고기가 19.13~21.64%로 오리고기 15.81~16.04%, 닭 고기 15.68~15.85%에 비해 유의적으로 높은 것으로 나타났 으며, 필수지방산의 비율이 19.08~21.59%로 오리고기 15.71~15.91%, 닭고기 15.50~15.69%보다 유의적으로 높았 다. 무기성분 함량은 K, P, Na, Mg, Ca, Zn, Fe의 순이었으며[백색육(다리살) 제외], 말고기의 Fe 및 Zn의 함량이 백색육 (오리고기, 닭고기)에 비해 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 성분 분석결과는 말고기가 닭고기나 오리고기보다 식품영 양적 가치가 더 우수함을 보여주었다.

본 연구에서는 명월초 추출물의 메탄올 분획물과 아글리콘 분획물을 제조하였고, 이들에 대한 항산화 활성을 측정하였다. 항산화 활성 측정은 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) radical을 이용한 프리 라디칼 소거활성, 루미놀 발광법을 이용한 활성산소 소거활성(총 항산화능) 및 활성산소(1O2 등)로 유도된 세포손상에 있어서 세포 보호 효과를 측정하였다. 명월초 추출물의 프리 라디칼 소거활성(FSC50)은 메탄올 분획이 90.25 μg/mL이고, 당을 제거한 아글리콘 분획은 81.38 μg/mL를 나타내었다. 총 항산화능(OSC50)은 메탄올 분획 16.96 μg/mL, 아글리콘 분획 12.30 μg/mL로, 프리 라디칼 소거활성 및 활성산소 소거활성 모두 아글리콘 분획에서 큰 활성을 나타내었다. 1O2로 유도된 사람 적혈구의 세포손상에 대한 보호 효과는 τ50 값으로 확인하였다. 5 μg/mL 농도에서 메탄올 분획 및 아글리콘 분획의 τ50이 각각 36.7 및 76.1 min으로, 비교 물질인 (+)-α-tocopherol (35.4 min)과 비교했을 때 아글리콘 분획이 약 2배 더 큰 세포 보호 효과를 나타내었다. 이러한 결과들은 명월초 추출물의 아글리콘 분획물이 항노화 관련 화장품에 있어서 항산화소재로서 응용가능성이 있음을 시사하였다.

This study is to determine the flexural reinforcement performance of the RC beam through the NSM reinforcement experiment. To do this, to produce non-reinforced specimen and reinforced specimens were performed the experimental study. As the results of this study, the tension reinforcing steel has been confirmed between the FRP bar and filled material integrated behavior before yielding. Compared with non-reinforced specimen the reinforced specimens showed that the rigidity of the reinforced specimens is higher than that of the non-reinforced specimen about 16.7%, and increases 8.3%~20.0% and 33.3%~52.7% for yielding strength and ultimate strength respectively. It appears an excellent bending reinforcing effect.

The effect of phytoncide solution treatment on the browning and quality of fresh-cut iceberg lettuce during storage was studied. The treatments were applied as four solutions adjusted at 10℃: distilled water (DW) as the control; edible ethanol (EE); 1% (v/v) phytoncide essential oil from pine needle diluted with distilled water (DP); and 1% (v/v) phytoncide essential oil diluted with edible ethanol (EP). Fresh-cut lettuce was dipped in each solution for 60 sec, was rinsed with distilled water, was packaged with an OPP film bag, and was then stored at 4℃ for 12 days. The EP group had a significantly high level of total soluble solids, titratable acidity, and carbon dioxide, and low total bacteria counts, pH, and oxygen. The sensory score of color in the EP group recorded a high value, but the EE and EP groups recorded low scores in aroma and taste during the storage period. Alcohol and phytoncide were vaporized by opening the package for two hours, and the score of the aroma and taste of EP showed no differences from those of the other groups. Based on the above results, it was determined that the phytoncide essential oil diluted in edible alcohol with 1% solution inhibited the browning of and microbial growth in fresh-cut lettuce, and will be a useful natural compound in maintaining the quality of fresh-cut produce.

This study was carried out to investigate the food value of K. pictus sprouts. The total ginsenoside content was 67.4 mg/kg. Including Ginsenoside Rg1, a total of five different types were detected by the experiment. The total phenol content was 33.77 mg/100 g. Including seven different type of essential amino acids, the total amino acid content of K. pictus sprouts was 33,744 mg/100 g. The results of the analysis of the free amino acid content showed that the total bitterness was much higher than the total sweetness. From the above results, the food characteristics of K. pictus sprouts could be determined. To improve their consumption, their bitterness must be reduced.

The food functional properties of Pleurotus eryngii cultivated with different wavelengths of light-emitting diode (LED) light were analyzed in this study. The levels of total soluble solids of Pleurotus eryngii increased with all the LED lights, except mixed LED light (B*R, B*G and R*G). Thirty one kinds of components were detected by analyzing the free amino acids. The total free amino acid contents had a slightly higher tendency in the control group, but the ratios of eight essential amino acids among the total amino acids of Pleurotus eryngii cultivated under all the LED lights, including the blue light (blue, B*R, B*G and B*R*G*U) and the green light, were higher than that in the control group. K was the highest-content of mineral, and Mn was the lowest-content. The Ca content increased through cultivation under all the LED lights, except the blue light, but the Fe content (under the green and B*R lights), K content (under the red and UV-A lights) and Mg content (under the R*G, UV-A and red lights) increased under the exclusive LED light. The total phenolic compounds increased by cultivation under all the LED lights, except the UV-A and mixed lights (R*G and B*R*G*U). The DPPH radical scavenging activity was also improved by all the LED lights, except the mixed light (R*G).

Enzymatic action and microbial growth degrade the quality of fresh-cut lettuce. Browning, a bad smell, and softening during storage are the major forms of quality deterioration. Health-oriented consumers tend to avoid foods treated with chemicals to maintain their freshness. This study was conducted to evaluate the change in the quality of fresh-cut lettuce with combined low-temperature blanching (LB) and ultrasonication (US). The optimum condition was selected using the response surface methodology (RSM), through a regression analysis with the following independent variables; the ultrasonication time (X1), blanching temperature (X2), blanching time (X3), and dependent variable; ΔE value (y). It was found that the condition with the lowest ΔE value occurred with combined 90s US and 45℃ 90s LB (US+LB). The combined treatment group (US+LB) was stored at 10℃ for 9 days with the control group and each single-treatment group, with low-temperature blanching and ultrasonication. Overall, the US+LB group had a significantly high L* value, which indicates significantly low a*, b*, ΔE, browning index, PPO, and POD activity values, and a low total bacteria count (p < 0.05). The US+LB group also had the highest sensory score (except for aroma and texture; p > 0.05).

The effect of the wavelength of the light emitted by the light-emitting diode (LED) on the growth characteristics and physicochemical and sensory qualities of Pleurotus eryngii were investigated. Pleurotus eryngii were grown under different light sources: blue light (450 nm), red light (650 nm), green light (525 nm), UV-A (365 nm), and mixed light (B*R, B*G, R*G, B*R*G*UV-A). The quantity of LED light was set up at 50% (LED: 64.9-108.0 p㏖m-2·s-1;fluorescentlight:11.7lux). Fluorescent light was used as control. There were no significant differences in the flesh firmness. In the case of the Pleurotuseryngii cultivated under red, green, and mixed light (R*G), the color of the pileus and the length of the stipe were similar to those of the control group. The sensory scores were not significantly different between the LED lights (red, green, and R*G) and the control. Among the three LED light conditions, the sample cultivated under red light recorded the highest score. The samples under UV-A, blue, and mixed light (B*R, B*G, B*R*G*U) had a dark pileus color and had a short stipe. These results showed that the wavelength of LED light affected the growth and quality characteristics of Pleurotus eryngii, and that using red LED light is preferable for the cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii with better quality.

This study investigated the protective roles and mechanism of magnolol, from the stem bark of Magnolia officinalis against potential neurotoxin 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK)-induced neuronal cell death. For the evaluation of protective role of magnolol, we examined cell viability, apoptotic nuclei, change of mitochondrial membrane potential and caspase activity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. It was found that 3-HK induces neuronal cell death in the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line. The reduced cell viability produced characteristic features such as cell shrinkages, plasma membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, and nuclear fragmentation. The cells treated with 3-HK showed an increase in the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as in caspase activity. In addition, both are involved in the 3-HK-induced apoptosis. Magnolol attenuated the cell viability reduction by 3-HK in both a dose- and time-dependent manner. Optical microscopy showed that magnolol inhibited the cell morphological features in the 3-HK-treated cells. Furthermore, the increase in the ROS concentration and the caspase activities by 3-HK were also attenuated by magnolol. These results showed that magnolol has a protective effect on the 3-HK induced cell death by inhibiting ROS production and caspase activity.

A significant fraction of nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus released from sediment are utilized by primary production in the shallow water of coast and lake. The purpose of this study is to introduce the mechanism of nutrients release from sediment and to introduce the methods of the measurement of nutrient released from sediment. One approach is to calculate nutrients released from sediment by a concentration gradient between sediment pore waters and overlying water based on the Fick's law. The other approaches of measurement are the undisturbed sediment core experiments and measurement of nutrient released from sediment by the in situ chamber equipment.

The purpose of the present study is to estimate the release of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorous from sediments of Deukryang Bay. One method used in this study is to calculate nutrients released from a concentration gradient between sediment porewaters and the overlying water based on the Fick`s law, and the other method is to measure nutrients released from the sediment-core experiments. The calculated and measured ammonium released from the sediments were 8.93㎍-atN/㎡·hr and 60.4㎍-atN/㎡·hr, respectively in July. 8.57㎍- atN/㎡·hr and 32.9㎍-atN/㎡·hr, respectively in October. The ammonium was released more highly in July than in October, and the measured ammonium flux was higher than the calculated one. The calculated nitrate plus nitrite released from the sediments were 0.31㎍-atN/㎡·hr in July and 0.84㎍-atN/㎡·hr in October. The measured nitrate plus nitrite released from the sediments was 282㎍-atN/㎡·hr in October. The calcuated was lower than the measured because the content of the nutrients in the sediments was always much more than in the overlying waters, and it has shown a differently seasonal pattern compared to the ammonium flux. The calculated phosphorous released from the sediments were 0.97㎍-atN/㎡·hr and measured negative fluxed -6.50 ㎍-atN/㎡·hr in July, and calculated 0.18 ㎍-atN/㎡·hr and measured 24.6 ㎍-atN/㎡·hr, respectively in October.