동아시아에서 일산화탄소의 지역적 배경 농도 수준을 분석하기 위해, 1991년부터 2004년까지 장기간 중국 Waliguan(WLG), 몽골이아의 Ulaan Uul(UUM), 한국의 태안반도(TAP), 일본의 Ryori(RYO)에서 관측한 일산화탄소 농도를 분석하였다. 연평균 일산화탄소 농도는 WLG(135±22ppb), UUM(155±26ppb), RYO(171±36ppb), TAP(233±41ppb) 순서로 높은 농도를 보이고 있었다. WLG를 제외하고 전체적으로 봄철에 높고 여름철에 낮은 계절 변동의 특징은 동아시아 다른 지점들에서도 공통적으로 나타나고 있다. TAP는 WLG, UUM, RYO와 비교하여 전체 계절에 높은 일산화탄소 농도를 보이고 있으며 히스토그램에서 넓은 농도 분포를 보이는데 동아시아 대륙, 특히 중국의 가까운 풍하측에 위치하고 있어 광역적 대기 오염의 영향이 크기 때문이다. TAP는 중국 동부 지역을 경유하는 RPC가 봄, 가을, 겨울에서 높은 농도를 나타내었고, 여름철에는 저위도 북태평양으로부터의 OBG에 의해 낮은 일산화탄소 농도를 갖고 있는 해양성 기단의 영향을 받고 있다. NOAA 위성 영상과 GEOS-CHEM 모델 시뮬레이션은 중국 남동부 연안으로부터 황해를 거쳐 한반도와 동해로 확산하고 있는 광역적 대기오염 이동 사례를 확인하고 있다.

For a cosmetic plant wastewater containing surfactants of high concentration, adsorption treatment by granular activated carbon(GAC) having different pore size distribution was studied. Three sorts GACs were used and regenerated afterwards with methanol. Experiments were composed of batch process and column test for both virgin and regenerated GACs. Following conclusions were drawn from the study: Methylene blue activating substance(MBAS) adsorption data from the batch tests for three GACs are described well by BET isotherm and Freundich isotherm. Simulation with the BET isotherm shows that maximum adsorption appears to be affected not only by specific surface area but also by pore size distribution. Maximum adsorption from the BET isotherm for MBAS appears to diminish as the number of reactivation increases. The diminishing ratio of maximum adsorption appears to decrease as the pore size decreases. Recovery ratio of the methanol by vacuum evaporation from the spent methanol ranges from 95% to 97%.

Various humic substances are widely distributed in natural water body, such as rivers and lakes and cause the yellowish or brownish color to water. The evidence that humic substances are precursors of THMs formation in chlorinated drinking water has been reported m the Jiteratures. For the reason of public health as well as aesthetics, needs for humic substances removal have been increased in the conventional water treatment processes. In this research, the characteristics of aluminium coagulation of humic acids and humic acids were investigated. The optimum pH and coagulants dosage to remove these materials simultaneously by coagulation were alto studied. The results are as followed; 1. UV-254 absorptiometry for measuring the concentration of aquatic humic acids showed good applicability and stable results. 2. The optimal pH range for humic acids removal by aluminium coagulation was 5 to 5.5, however, an increase in aluminium coagulant dosage could enhance the removal rate of humic acids in the wide pH range. 3. Coprecipitation of humic acids in the typical pH range of 6.5 to 8 in water treatment processes may require the sweep coagulation mechanism with the excess aluminium coagulant dosage. 4. Using PAC(poly aluminium chloride) or PASS(poly aluminium silica sulfate) as coagulants was able to expand the operating range for removing humic acids. 5. From the coagulation of humic substances(UV-254) and turbidity at pH range of 5.5 - 6.0 and alum dose of 86 ppm, the removal efficiency of turbidity from the reservoir water was above 90% and that of UV-254 was above 70%. 6. By using the reservoir water, the optimum condition of rapid mixing for simultaneous removal of turbidity and UV-254 absorbance was pH of 5.8 and LAS dose of 86 ppm, in this study.

The shortwave aerosol direct radiative forcing (SWARF) was analyzed using the Clouds and Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) data in the East Asian region from 2001 to 2010. In the Yellow Sea and the Korean Peninsula, located in the leeward side of China, significantly negative high SWARF at the top of atmosphere (TOA) occurs due to the long-range transport of anthropogenic (e.g. sulphate) and natural aerosols (e.g. mineral dust) from the East Asian continent. Conversely, eastern China has much higher levels of SWARF at the surface (SFC) due to anthropogenically emitted aerosol than in the Yellow Sea and the Korean Peninsula. Since the radiative forcing of aerosols in the atmosphere are different in type, aerosol types were classified into sea salt+sulphate, smoke, sulphate and dust by using satellite data. The analysis on the SWARF by the classified aerosol types indicated that sulphate occupies a predominant portion of the atmosphere in the Yellow Sea and the Korean Peninsula in the summer. In particular, the annual averages of the summer TOA SWARF increased in the Yellow Sea and the Korean Peninsula from 2001 to 2010.

This study analyzed mass concentrations of TSP, PM10 and PM2.5 and elemental constituents according to the isentropic backward trajectories of air parcel from Cheongwonin East Asia during the period January – October, 2011. Mass concentrations of the continental polluted airflow (CP) showed levels of TSP and PM10 mass concentrations higher than the continental background airflow (CB). Also, PM2.5 mass concentrations of anthropogenic fine particles ran higher in CP than in CB. The elemental constituents and elemental constituent ratio ended up varying depending on the origin of atmospheric aerosols generated. The average absolute content of elemental constituents reached its height in CB, the ratio of anthropogenically originating elements (PE) among the all elements (AE) analyzed marked a high in CP, and Mg+Na/AE reached its height in the oceanic airflow (OA). At the same time, TSP, PM10 and PM2.5 mass concentrations, the ratio of PM2.5/TSP and PE/AE element ratio ran higher in CP than CB. Episodes of large-scale transport of atmospheric pollutants as observed at Cheongwon were 8 cases and 22 days. The ratios of PM10, PM2.5 among TSP mass concentrations showed different results and the ratios of PM2.5 showed an increasing trend in the episodes of anthropogenic air pollution transport. Overall, dustfall episodes show a level of elemental constituents higher than those of anthropogenic air pollution.Dustfall episodes were observed to contain more of Fe, Al and Ca originating from continental soils and those of air pollution were observed to contain more of Zn, Mn, Cu and Pb. By difference in contents of absolute elemental constituents, episodes of anthropogenic air pollution showed a high PE/AE rate, and dustfall episodes a high SE/AE rate.

본연구는 서양삼(西洋蔘)(Panax quinquefolium Linne) 과육(果肉)에 의한 Brassica(Brassica chinensis Linne) seed를 대상으로 발아(發芽) 억제작용을 검토하였다. 서양삼과즙(果汁)에는 발아(發芽)억제물질이 존재하고. 그 억제작용은 희석도에따라 감소하였다. 즉 희석배수가 0, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100일때 배근(胚根)의 길이는 각각 0, 0.32, 0.72, 3.13, 483, 16.07, 16.73, 23.50 mm이였다(CK=25.98 mm). 과육의 존재는 종배(種胚)의 성장을 현저하게 억제하였다. 수확(收穫)후 과육이 종자 표면에 부착한 시간이 0, 15, 30, 60일 때 종자 생장에 대한 억제 시간은 각각 30, 75, 135, 135일로 나타났다. 종자 썩는 비율도 높아졌다. 과육의 부착한 시간이 0, 15, 30, 60, 270일 때 종자 썩는 비율은 각각 5.47, 5.71, 19.05, 27.14, 33.33%로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 과육에 서양삼종자휴면(西洋蔘種子休眠)을 일으키는 주요한 억제성분이 함유되어 있다는 것 을 시사하였다.