2006년 국내 디스플레이 산업의 규모는 약 48조원 수준이며 2000년대 이후 20% 이상의 높은 성장률을 나타내고 있으나 3 ~ 4년 내외의 짧은 산업 사이클을 보임에 따라 디스플레이 폐기물량도 급속히 증가하여 2015년에는 200 ~ 300만대가 발생할 것으로 예측되고 있다. 현재 일본과 EU 등 주요 재활용 선진국에서는 경제성이 있는 재활용 기술을 개발하기 위한 연구가 선도적으로 진행되고 있지만 국내의 경우, 폐 디스플레이에 함유되어 있는 유가금속을 재자원화 하는 기술의 부재 및 낙후로 대부분 소각이나 매립이 되고 있어 재활용 기술이 시급히 요구되는 실정이다. 본 연구는 전자산업의 발달로 PCB의 수요가 증가하면서 대량으로 발생하고 있는 폐 PCB를 효율적으로 재활용하기 위하여 수평형 시스템에 폐 PCB의 장입, 롤러 및 회전식 커터에 의해 기판과 해체 부품으로 분리하고 센서의 감지에 의해 자동으로 에어를 적절하게 분사하는 공정을 개발하였다. 이를 통해 기존에 문제점으로 지적되던 작업 처리량 문제, 커터날 교환의 어려움 등을 해결하기 위한 시스템의 설계 및 제작, 이를 운용하여 분리된 기판과 회수 부품들을 회수하고 성분 분석 및 작업 효율을 평가하였다.

Degree of damage of the bridge and safety level is closely related to the characteristics of the lifetime maximum load effect that occur on the bridge. Maximum load effect is dominated by traffic characteristics such as heavy vehicle composition and daily traffic volume. The purpose of the study is to analyze the structural characteristics of vehicle loading based on survey data collected, in which some major factors, such as vehicle configurations, vehicle wieghts, traffic modes by the probabilistic approach. Then, this study perform analysis of the safety level as compared with design criteria domestic highway bridges the current regulations are enclosed.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between Calvin and Anabaptist radicals in the sixteenth century This study first traces the relations of Calvin and Anabaptists from historical perspective, and then examines from theological perspective Schleitheim Confession(1527), which is an early Anabaptists’ articles of faith, and Calvin’s Brief Instruction Against the Errors of the Common Sect of the Anabaptists(1544), which is Calvin’s refutation against Schleitheim Confession. In the sixteenth-century reformation movements, Calvin on the one hand should fight against Roman Catholicism, and on the other hand have to stand against Anabaptist radicals. Calvin cries for reform against Roman Church’s ecclesia deformata, at the same time he raises his voice against Anabaptist’s sectarian errors pursuing ecclesia perfecta. This study discloses what Calvin and Anabaptists argue, and what theological points of dispute between them are. In particular, it analyzes their differences from three significant topics, baptism, church, and state.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the life and works of Sébastien Castellion, a French humanist and reformer of the 16th century. The reason why I am concerned about Castellion is that his idea of tolerance is very suggestive to us who live in religious plural society. In order to fulfill this goal I first introduce a dramatic but tragic life of Castellion briefly, and then examine his central idea through his works. In particular, I will focus my interest on the tolerance issue of the 16th century that broke out between Calvin and Castellion concerning the death of Michael Servetus in 1553. In this paper, I look into Castellion’s several works dealing with tolerance problem: I select five primary works to reveal Castellion’s tolerance thought: “Preface to the Latin Bible, Dedicated to Edward VI,” “Concerning Heretics,” “Reply to Calvin’s Book,” “Counsel to France,” and “Concerning Doubt and Belief.” Castellion was a prophet of his time, a rationalist before Rationalism, and an advocate of religious tolerance in an age of intolerance. He was certainly ahead of his time. I hope this study will provide a momentum for sincere and academic concern about Castellion and his tolerance thought.

Environmental impacts of suspended solids (SS) released in coastal area by dredging, reclamation and construction can cause serious damages to coastal habitats and benthic organisms. Acute toxicity tests (4-7 days) were conducted to identify the relationship between SS concentration and mortality of three marine benthic species; benthic copepod (Tigriopus japonicus) adult, Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) spat, and olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) fry. Benthic copepod was the most sensitive to SS followed by olive flounder fry and Pacific abalone spat, with an LC50 (lethal concentration of 50% mortality) value of 61.0 mg/L and LOEC (lowest observed effective concentration) value of 31.3 mg/L for benthic copepod. LOEC and 7 day-LC50 for Pacific abalone spat were 500.0 mg/L and 1887.7 mg/L, and those for olive flounder fry were 125.0 mg/L and 156.9 mg/L, respectively. The tolerance limits of the test species to SS revealed the various concentration ranges of SS, which reflects the physiology and ecology of the test species. These results are very valuable for the determination of SS concentration of effluents released into the coastal area by dredging, reclamation and construction etc. Also, sharp increase of SS can cause long-term damages to the benthic and sessile fauna by blanketing of benthic substratum. These experimental procedures for marine bioassay and acute toxicity results can be a useful guideline for practical management planning of SS discharge into coastal area.

The mixotrophic marine ciliate Mesodinium rubrum possesses a highly modified algal endosymbiont as a nutrition source for the species. Accordingly, we assumed that the species can reflect the ecotoxicity on marine producer (as phytoplankton) and consumer (as zooplankton) both. A series of experiments were conducted to identify the potential of the species as a standard test species for marine ecotoxicological study. The comparison of species sensitivity on reference toxic materials was made using potassium dichromate for phytoplankton and copper chloride for zooplankton. The ciliate revealed the highest sensitivity on both reference materials among the seven test species including phytoplankton, benthic copepod and rotifer species. The toxicity end point of the species was 72hr-EC50=1.52 mg/L (as potassium dichromate) estimated by population growth inhibition (PGI), which is more sensitive than the most sensitive phytoplankton Skeletonema costatum (72hr-EC50=3.05 mg/L). As comparison to rotifer, it also revealed higher sensitivity on copper chloride; 72hr-EC50=0.38 mg/L for ciliate and 48hr-EC50=0.48 mg/L for rotifer. Also, the elutriate toxicity test of various ocean disposal wastes were conducted to identify the potential of ciliate toxicity test application using industrial waste sludges. The toxicity of leather processing waste sludge was highest on the ciliate, followed by dyeing waste sludge and dye production waste sludge as an increasing order of toxicity. 72h-EC50 of ciliate PGI test was 1.83% and that of S. costatum 3.84% for leather waste sludge which showed highest toxicity. The toxicity test results also revealed that the highest sensitivity was observed on ciliate species on ocean disposed sludge wastes. Also, ciliate toxicity test well discriminated the degree of toxicity between sludge sources; 72h-EC50 values were 1.83% for leather processing waste sludge, 16.75% for dye production waste sludge and 27.75% for textile production waste sludge. Even the laboratory culture methods of the species were not generally established yet, the species has high potential as the standard test species for marine toxicity test in terms of the dual reflection of phyto- and zooplankton toxicity from single test, sensitivity and test replicability.

Long-term trends and distribution patterns of water quality were investigated in the Asan coastal areas of Yellow Sea, Korea from 1975 to 2005. Water samples were collected at 3 stations and physicochemical parameters were analyzed including water temperature, salinity, suspended solids (SS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved oxygen (DO) and nutrients. Spatial distribution patterns were not clear among stations but the seasonal variations were distinct except COD, SS and nitrate. The trend analysis by principal component analysis (PCA) during twenty years revealed the significant variations in water quality in the study area. Annual water qualities were clearly discriminated into 4 clusters by PCA; year cluster 1988-1991, 1994-1997, and 1992-1993/1998- 2005. By this multi-variate analysis we can summarize the annual trends as the followings; salinity, suspended solids and dissolved oxygen tended to increase from late 1980's, increased pH and COD from 1992, and decreased salinity and increased nitrogen and COD from 1990 due to the runoff frow agricultural lands causing eutrophication.

Long-term trends and distribution patterns of water quality were investigated in the Cheonsu Bay of Korea from 1983 to 2004. Water samples were collected at 4 stations and physicochemical parameters were analyzed including water temperature, salinity, suspended solids (SS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved oxygen (DO) and nutrients. Spatial distribution patterns were not clear between stations but the seasonal variations were distinctive except COD, SS and nitrate. Twenty two year long-term trend analysis by PCA revealed the significant changes in water quality in the study area. Water quality during 1980's and early 1990's showed high SS, low nutrients and low COD which increased during the mid and late 1990's and early 2000's. Overall water quality in the Cheonsu Bay indicated the increase in nutrients and COD concentration.

A series of experiments was conducted to identify the potential of five phytoplankton species as standard test species for marine ecotoxicological tests. The candidate phytoplankton species are Skeletonema costatum, Heterosigma akashiwo, Prorocentrum micans, Isochrysis galbana, and Tetraselmis suecica. Salinity tolerance and sensitivity on potassium dichromate as a reference material were identified. Toxicity of eleven ocean-dumped sewage sludges and four red tide expellent extracts were estimated by the inhibition of population growth rates (PGR) of marine diatom S. costatum. While most species revealed relatively weak tolerance on salinity, T. suecica demonstrated the highest salinity tolerance ranged from 5～35 psu and the others 15～35 psu. H. akashiwo revealed the highest sensitivity as 72h IC50=0.76mg/L and T. suecica the lowest as 72h IC50=8.89mg/L on potassium dichromate. Sludge extracts from industrial waste, domestic sewage and livestock farm waste sludge showed high toxicity as 72h IC50<2% and lowest toxicity from filtration bed sludge as 72h IC50=30.50%. NOEC (No Observed Effective Concentration) of sludge extract ranged from <0.4% to 1.6% and this indicated high phytotoxicity of ocean dumped sewage sludge. The test sensitivity of phytoplankton PGR inhibition was much higher than those of marine rotifer Brachionus plicatilis mortality test and bioluminescent inhibition test by marine bacteria Vibrio fischeri, and comparable with the sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus intermedius) fertilization test. As a result the phytotoxicity test using phytoplankton PGR inhibition (IC50) must be a useful tool for marine phyto-toxicological evaluation of ocean dumped materials.