This study developed the pressure measurement monitoring system named VIP-2000 for monitoring a pressure of ullage space in cargo tank. VIP-2000 is designed in compliance with IMO(international maritime organization) SOLAS 74, Chap. II-2 Req. 59. IMO is providing the establishment of a pressure measurement equipment for secure the stability from vacuum or the overpressure that caused by in breakdown of the P/V valve. VIP-2000 operates the early warning of the visible and audibility in dangerous situation of cargo tank. In order to evaluate the performance of VIP-2000, the pressure measurement experiments have been conducted.

In order to supply the high-quality electric power, several researches have been conducted. For the high-quality power, it is necessary to inspect the power lines and insulators before the lines or insulators are disconnected or damaged. However, it is not enough to inspect all the power lines by human inspectors. In previous study, a power line inspection robot was developed to investigate the power lines and insulators. According to replace the human operators by the robot, the inspection robot has several advantages: the improved working conditions, machine accuracy, and the prevention of accident. However, the robot has some defects in its heavyweight. In this study, a lightweight inspection robot has been developed using a RP and a vacuum casting. And, this study developed a fault detection monitoring program for the high voltage equipment using a microphone which detects the location of fault and the thermal imaging and CCD cameras which verifies the fault and stores the image, respectively.

Due to the industrialization and urbanization, the transport of hazardous materials increases, which rises possibilities in occurring prospective accidents in terms of hazardous material transport as well. This study applied the model developed from the previous research to analyze the scale of damage areas from the accidents related to hazardous material accidents, as well as suggested a method to measure automatically the scale of accident including casualties and environmental damage based on the guideline which suggests the quantities of hazardous materials exposed from an accident and was defined in the study of standardization for hazardous material classification. A buffering analysis technique of Geographic Information System (GIS) was applied for that. To apply the model which evaluates the scale of population and exposure to environment on each link, rail network, zones, rail accident data, rail freight trips, and locations of rivers etc were complied as a database for GIS analysis. In conclusion, a method to measure damage areas by the types of hazardous materials was introduced using a Clip and a Special Join technique for overlay analysis.

The types and quantities of Hazmat and Hazmat transportation are gradually increasing, keeping pace with industrialization and urbanization. At present the safety management for Hazmat transportation only considers reducing accident probability, but even when an accident involving Hazmat-carrying vehicles occurs, that is not regarded as a Hazmat-related accident if the Hazmats do not leak out from the containers carrying them. Thus the methods to reduce risk (Risk=Probability×Consequence) have to be developed by incorporating accident probability and consequence. By using Geographic Information System (GIS), a technical method is invented and is automatically able to evaluate the consequence by different types of Hazmat. Thus this study analyzed the degree of risk on the links classified by the Hazmat transport pathways. In order to mitigate the degree of risk, a method of 7-step risk management on Hazmat transportation in railway industries can be suggested. (1st step: building up GIS DB, 2nd step: calculating accident probability on each link, 3rd step: calculating consequence by Hazmat types, 4th step: determination of risk, 5th step: analysis of alternative plans for mitigating the risk, 6th: measure of effectiveness against each alternative, and 7th step: action plans to be weak probability and consequence by the range recommended from ALARP). In conclusion, those 7 steps are used as a standardization method of optimum transportation routing. And to increase the efficiency of optimum transportation routing, optional route can be revise by verification.

Power steering gear is the part of an automobile. That converts circular movement of steering wheel into lateral movement of rack for changing driving direction. Recently power steering gear gets more common. A Korean company manufactures a speed sensitive power steering gear, which provides variable steering feel depending on speed of the car. However, the Broens company in Australia produces and exports the test equipments for manufacturing power steering valves. Some Korean companies import the test equipments from Broens and the maintenance cost gets increasing. The purpose of this study is development of the valve balance tester to measure the valve torque of the power steering gear. This study designed and manufactured a chuck and a jig of the valve balance tester to take hold of the power steering valve using CAE analysis.

In terms of deregulation requests from business, incidents at construction sites are rapidly increasing after reducing the regular safety training hours. Especially, to prevent incidents through safety trainings for construction site workers, who have lots of hazardous tasks than general manufacturing, is not only to protect property of both the companies and the country but also to increase their profits. That is why there are loud voices regarding that the safety training is a core mandatory to prevent industrial incidents. But, most companies, as soon as the deregulation for safety training is implemented, mitigated conducting safety trainings to prevent incidents. With this, the incidents are currently to be increased and caught in a vicious circle of many incidents at the smaller companies because of their absentmindedness regarding safety training due to their poorness as subcontractors of major companies, comparing to major companies. This study explains that the difference between managers and workers are existing about safety awareness and knowledge. And, we confirmed that the educational factor led by deficiency of safety awareness and knowledge was the major factor.

In January, 2005, the "Railroad Safety Act" was presented, preparing the systematic equipment that allows several railroad operators to consider the railroad safety issue, and each of the railroad operative institutions accepted such situation that the construction of the emergent system of coping, resulting in the construction of the emergent system of coping with the railroad fire accident through the relevant study to improve the railroad security efficiency against fire. This study tried to present the on developing the emergent educational program for coping with the KTX fire accident, which is distributed to the spot, to the railroad emergency staff for improving the railroad security efficiency against fire through the education of systematic and efficient emergent countermeasure procedures against fire accidents the fire accident in KTX.

The Railroad Safety Act was implemented in 2005 due to the increased concerns regarding railroad safety since the Daegu subway fire in 2003. In line with this, the Act became a standard to build the total railroad safety systems which has been overlooked compared to the quantitative growth of the railroad business. The minister of the ministry of Land, Transportation and Maritime Affairs lays down the Act for railroad Companies to conduct emergency programs in response to the emergency occurring on the railroad such as fire, explosion, derailment, etc. By enacting the Safety Act, the nation's construction of the contingency management system for railroad emergency increased", and it made the railroad company prepare the Emergency SOP by establishing 'The guideline on the Establishment of the railroad Emergency Plan' in order to support the efficiency of the Act. In line with this, I would like to analyze a matter of system development and the main function of the "railroad Emergency Training Program" for activation improvement of standardized operation procedure developed through the 'Total capitalize Safety Technology development'.

There may be several factors influencing the safety performance of railway safety personnel. These include human psychological and physiological states, physical conditions about working environment, and workers' stress and fatigue etc. Some researches indicate that human personality is close connection with human error. This study focuses on the workers' personality which is one of psychological traits of railway safety personnel. Thus, we survey and analyze it for railway safety personnel-locomotive engineers, station employees, and train commanders-in Korean railway company. Through the survey that is designed to investigate eight safety personality factors from the questionnaires composed of seventy eight questions, we study the workers' personality factors related to railway safety according to affiliated offices, operations, age, and working years. Finally, after categorizing survey results into sixty six patterns, we explain an example to show a corresponding worker to the pattern result.

The purpose of this study is to optimize an emission test method for building materials and to understand the characteristics of total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) and carbonyl compounds emission from building materials, especially solid-phase building materials, using a small chamber test method. As a result of the evaluation for small chamber system, temperature and humidity was maintained constantly at 24.5℃, 50.2%. The background concentration of total volatile organic compounds and formaldehyde were also controlled below 20 ㎍/㎥ and 0.5 ㎍/㎥, respectively. Air leakage of emission test chamber and the duplicate precision between two emission test chambers were satisfied. As a result of evaluation for sampling and analysis system (such as the breakthrough test), repeatability of response factor, and retention time in GC/MS and HPLC, desorption efficiency, method detection limits were excellent. The concentration of total volatile organic compounds emitted from wallpapers (made of PVC) was higher at 25℃ than at 23℃. Also, the concentration of formaldehyde emitted from floorings made from non-PVC (wood-based) was higher at 25℃ than at 23℃. On the other hand, there was not a significant difference between the concentrations of total volatile organic compounds emission from wallpaper (made of PVC) which was stored for 2 weeks at 25℃ and 4℃ with tight sealing. In conclusion, emission characteristics of TVOC and formaldehyde from solid-phase building materials would be expected to apply to the plan for the management of indoor air quality.

비선형시스템을 등가의 선형시스템으로 치환하는 것은 해석이 간단하다는 매우 중요한 장점을 제공하지만 구조물의 실제 비선형거동을 정확하게 모델링하지 못하기 때문에 능력스펙트럼법의 정확도는 정확한 등가주기와 등가감쇠비의 산정과 구해진 등가감쇠비에 따른 탄성응답스펙트럼의 수정방법과 그에 따른 요구곡선의 산정에 영향을 받는다. 본 논문에서는 요구곡선의 산정방법에 따른 능력스펙트럼법의 정확성을 분석하였다. 이를 위해 ATC-40과 Euro Code에서 제안한 감소 계수 등의 유효성을 평가하였다. Newmark와 Hall의 수정계수에 기초로 한 ATC-40에서 주어진 감소 계수에 의해 구해진 가속도 응답에 비해 Euro Code에서 주어진 감소 계수를 이용하여 구한 가속도 응답이 실제 평균 응답에 보다 유사함을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 유사가속도 응답을 이용한 방법과 절대가속도 응답을 이용한 방법을 이용하여 요구곡선을 산정하여 능력스펙트럼법의 정확성을 검증해 보았다. 절대가속도 응답을 이용한 결과가 전반적으로 유사가속도 응답을 이용한 결과에 비해 커짐을 알 수 있었고, 능력스펙트럼법이 전반적으로 응답을 과소평가하는 경향이 있어서 이러한 큰 값을 주는 것이 좀 더 정확한 결과를 줌을 알 수 있었다. 하지만 탄성 최대 강도에 대한 항복 강도의 비가 커질수록 그리고 항복 후 강성비가 커질수록 이러한 결과의 차이는 거의 없어짐을 알 수 있었다

탄성응답스펙트럼을 사용하는 능력스펙트럼법은 비선형 시스템을 등가의 선형시스템으로 치환하여 주어진 지진 하중에 대한 구조물의 최대 비선형 거동을 예측한다. 본 연구의 목적은 이러한 능력스펙트럼법들의 정확성을 검증하고, 예측 특성을 비교하는 것이다. 이를 위해, ATC-40, G lkan, Kowalsky, 그리고 Iwan이 제시한 방법을 이용하여 등가주기와 등가감쇠비를 산정한 후, ATC-40에서 제시한 절차B에 따라 성능점을 산정 하였다. 전반적으로 ATC-40 방범은 구조물의 응답을 과소 평가하여 안전하지 못한 설계결과를 가져 올 수 있으며, G lkan과 Kowalsky의 방법은 과대 평가하는 경향을 가지고 있다. Iwan이 제시한 방법은 ATC-40 방법과 G lkan과 Kowalsky 방법의 중간 값을 예측함으로써, 비교적 정확한 값에 가까운 최대 변위를 산출하였다. 그리고, Kowalsky 방법은 항복 후 강성비에 따라 등가감쇠비를 음수로 산정함으로써 예측 값을 제시하지 못하는 경우가 있음을 확인하였다.

In the capacity spectrum method (CSM), the peak response of an inelastic system under a given earthquake load is estimated transforming the system into the equivalent elastic one. This paper presented estimating the peak inelastic response is evaIuated by the CSM. The equivalent period and damping are calculated using the ATC-40, Gülkan, Kowalsky, and Iwan methods, and the performance points are obtained according the procedure B of ATC-40. Analysis results indicate that the ATC-40 method generaIly underestimates the peak response, while the Gülkan and Kowalsky methods overestimate the responses. The Iwan method produces the values between those by the ATC-40 method and the Gülkan and Kowalsky methods, and estimates the reponses relatively closer to the exact ones. Further, it is found that the Kowalsky method gives the negative equivalent damping ratios depending on the hardening ratios, and thereby can not be used to estimate the responses in some cases.

가중행렬은 일반적인 최적 제어 설계에서 우선적으로 필요하지만 일반적으로 제어 설계자들 이 경험적 지식에 의존하고 있다. 이 논문은 구조물의 에너지를 고려한 최적제어기의 가중행렬을 결정하는 체계적인 절차를 제시하였다. 최적제어기는 LQR과 ILQR로 구분될 수 있다. 구조물의 총에너지를 고려한 Lyapunov 함수를 적용하고, 이로부터 유도된 식이 음수라는 상태를 이용하면 가중행렬을 어렵지 않게 구할 수 있다. 이러한 방법으로 산정된 가중행렬을 이용하여 LQR과 ILQR제어기를 설계하고 제어효율을 입증하였다.

현재 컴퓨터교육계의 큰 동향은 컴퓨터교육을 통한 학생들의 컴퓨팅적 사고(computational thinking)의 신장에 있으며 우리나라 또한 이러한 세계적 추세에 발맞추어 컴퓨터교육의 궁극적인 교육목표를 컴퓨팅적 사고의 증진에 두고 알고리즘 등의 컴퓨터과학 분야의 학습 중요성을 강조하고 있다. 그러나 초등학생을 대상으로 하는 컴퓨터과학 교육의 교수 학습 모형에 대한 연구는 아직 미진하며 초등학생의 특성에 맞으면서 알고리즘적 사고를 신장시킬 수 있는 교수 학습 모형의 도입이 시급하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 실제적 수학교육을 위한 RME (Realistic Mathematical Education) 교수 학습 모형을 컴퓨팅적 사고 증진을 위한 알고리즘 수업에 맞게 수정하고 관련수업 프로그램을 개발하여 이를 초등학교 수업에 적용하였다. 이 모형을 교육 현장에 적용한 실험 결과 학생들의 문제해결력에 효과가 있음이 통계적으로 확인되었다.

본 연구에서는 재해상황판단 측면에서 중소하천유역의 홍수예경보를 위한 분포형 모형의 적용 기법을 검토하였다. 중소하천의 홍수예보를 위해서는 실시간으로 수집되는 레이더 강우자료와 예측자료를 이용하여 홍수량을 분석 및 예측하는 기술이 필요하며, 이를 위해서는 분포형 강우-유출 모형의 적용이 필수적이다. 최근 홍수피해가 중소하천유역에서 크게 발생하고 있다. 그러나 홍수예경보는 대하천 본류 중심으로 이루어지고 있는 실정이므로 중소하천의 홍수재해 취약지구까지 적용 가능한 홍수예경보체계의 개발 및 확대가 필요하다. 국내에서는 다양한 분포형 모형의 적용사례가 있으나 국내 상황을 적합하게 반영할 수 있는 것으로 널리 적용성이 인정된 모형은 많지 않다. 현재 국제적으로 Vflo 모형은 기존에 개발된 분포형 모형 중 가장 적용성이 높고 다양한 유역조건에 따라 유연하게 유출모의가 가능한 것으로 알려져 있어 우리나라의 특수한 여건을 반영한 홍수예경보를 위한 유출해석 및 침수범람해석 모의를 위한 기본모형으로 도입시 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.