PURPOSES: This study was initiated to estimate the benefits from the campaign to prevent drowsy driving crashes on expressways. The study was conducted by the Korea Expressway Corporation using a contingent valuation method. METHODS : First, a questionnaire was designed for a preliminary survey. From the survey’s results, the initial willingness to pay for the campaign was determined by averaging different amounts of payments chosen under virtual scenarios in the survey. The willingness to pay data was used to find a first bid price for the open-ended method used for the second survey. After that, a primary questionnaire was designed and conducted using a single dichotomous choice question (SDBCQ). Drivers at expressway resting areas were asked their willingness to pay for the campaign. Based on statistical analysis using data collected from the second survey, the mean willingness to pay was estimated using a probability utility function. Finally, the benefit from the campaign was calculated using the estimated willingness to pay and accident data on expressways. CONCLUSIONS : Based on the result from the contingent valuation method, the benefit from the campaign to prevent drowsy driving crashes was estimated to be 170.6 won per expressway trip. The benefit is to be paid as an additional toll. In addition, the traffic crash cost estimate is about 2,209,680,000 won less than the cost during the same period in 2014.

급격한 산업화 및 인구증가로 물부족 문제가 가속화됨에 따라 최근 수처리 공정은 방류수 수질기준을 준수하여 방류하는 단순한 수준을 넘어서 보다 엄격한 수질을 만족시켜야하는 방향으로 발전하고 있는 추세이다. 이러한 노력의 일환으로 많은 하⋅폐수 처리장에서 생물학적 처리와 멤브레 인이 결합된 MBR 공정을 적용하고 있으나, 적용 현장별 특징을 충분히 반영하지 못한 설계로 MBR 공정의 우수한 처리성능을 제대로 활용하지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 이에, 본 연구에서는 산업단지 내에 설치되는 폐수처리시설의 입지여건과 특성을 반영하여 저유량 및 수질의 불균질화 문제를 해결하기 위한 설계사례 등 을 제시하고자 하였다.

PURPOSES : This study evaluated the feasibility of implementing protected-permissive left-turn (PPLT) signals at three-leg signalized intersections. METHODS: A three-leg signalized intersection with permissive left-turn was first selected. A VISSIM simulation model was constructed using data collected from the test site. The VISSIM network was calibrated by adjusting related parameter values in order to minimize the difference between the simulated and surveyed critical gap. The calibrated network was validated by the number of waiting left-turning vehicles per cycle. Finally, the mobility and safety measures were extracted from simulation runs in which permissive, protected left turns as well as PPLTs were realized based on diverse traffic volume scenarios. RESULTS : The mobility-related measures of effectiveness (MOEs) of the case with PPLT outperformed the other two left-turn treatment scenarios. In particular, the average waiting time per cycle for the left-turn vehicles in the case with PPLT was reduced by 30 s. The safetyrelated MOEs of the case with PPLT were somewhat higher than those in the case with protected left-turns and much higher than those in the case with permissive left-turns. CONCLUSIONS : Based on the mobility- and safety-related MOEs generated from the VISSIM simulation runs, the use of PPLT seems to be feasible at three-leg signalized intersections where the left-turn is permissive and a pedestrian signal exists at the conflicting approach. However, in order to use the PPLT in earnest, it is necessary to revise the road traffic act, traffic signs, and related manuals.

목 적 : 지금까지 생체 부분 간 이식을 위한 공여자의 간 용적 측정에서 방사선을 이용한 CT 3D 용적측정 검사가 매우 우수한 측정방법으로써 시행되고 있으며, 추가적으로 수술 시 공여자의 안정성 판단을 위해 MR 검사가 함께 시행되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 MR 검사와 CT 검사를 함께 시행한 공여자를 대상으로 각각 3D 용적측정 후 그 우수성을 비교 분석해보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 대상은 간 이식 수술 전 MR 검사와 CT 검사를 함께 시행한 공여자로 남자 23명, 여자 7명이었고, 평균나이 29.1세였다. 검사장비로는 MR Systems Achieva Release 3.2.2.0와 CT Brilliance 64CH를 사용하였으며, 분석장비로는 MR Adw 4.2와 CT Mx View 3.5를 사용하였다. 검사방법은 Primovist 조영제를 사용한 MR 검사 eTHRIVE Portal Phase(Fov 340×340, Thickness 5.0mm) 영상을 MR Adw 4.2 Workstation에서 용적을 측정하였으며, Ultravist 조영제를 사용한 CT 검사는 CT Hepatobiliary Portal Phase(FOV 350×350, Thickness 3.0mm) 영상을 Thickness 5.0mm로 Reconstruction 후 Mx View Workstation에서 용적측정 하였다. 분석방법은 MR 3D 검사와 CT 3D 검사에서 측정된 전체 용적 측정값과 좌엽 용적 측정값이 일치하는지 분석하였다. 공여자의 안정성 판단에서 중요한 사항으로 나타내는 우엽 용적 측정값 비교에서는 실제 수술실에서 적출한 우엽 간 용적값을 MR 3D와 CT 3D의 우엽 용적 측정값과 각 각 비교 분석하였다. 통계방법은 SPSS version 18.0를 사용하여 대응표본 t-test(p < 0.05)와 Pearson 상관계수로 검증하였다(r > 0.001). 결 과 : MR 3D 검사의 전체 용적 측정값은 1238cm³이며, CT 3D 검사는 1402cm³로 전체 평균 용적 측정값이 차이를 보였다(p < 0.05). 좌엽 간의 MR 3D 검사에서 용적 측정값은 450cm³이며, CT 3D 검사에서 용적 측정값은 554cm³으로 좌엽 용적 측정값의 차이를 보였다(p < 0.05). 우엽 간 측정값은 수술 후 적출한 우엽 간 평균 용적 측정값이 678g이었으며, CT 3D 검사의 우엽 용적 측정값은 847cm³(r=0.852)였고, MR 3D 용적 측정값은 787cm³ (r=0.871)로 측정되었다. 결 론 : 지금까지 간 이식 공여자는 이식 될 우엽 간을 미리 예측하기 위하여 주로 CT 3D 용적 측정검사를 하였다. 그러나 MR 3D 용적 측정검사 역시 CT 3D 용적 측정검사와 함께 매우 정확하고 우수한 측정방법으로써 증명되었으며, MR 3D 용적 측정검사가 간 이식 전 공여자의 안정성 판단에 중요한 검사가 될 것으로 사료된다.

The Ministry of Environment established a data base platform called environmental statistic portal. From there we collected environmental statistics including sulfurous acid gas, fine dust, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, household waste, domestic waste, construction waste, the number of factories, the amount of waste water, the amount of organic matter, etc. We collected the number of tuberculosis (TB) patients from National Health Service in Korean Statistical Information Service. We consider the number of TB patients and environmental statistics as a dependent variable and predictors, respectively. A multiple regression analysis is performed to find out significant predictors that affect the number of TB patients. A deep analysis is done to discover the relationship between significant predictors and the dependent variable depending on national district areas, i.e. Gu or Goon, by use of a multivariate analysis and a covariance analysis.

이 글의 목적은 박경리 『토지』에 나타난 유교 담론을 연구하는 것이다. 작품에 나타난 유학자들의 담론 양상은 크게 세 가지로 분류할 수 있다. 첫 번째 유학 담론은 외세의 부당한 개입에 맞서 물리적 대결을 해야 한다는 주장이다. 작품에 나타난 가장 대표적 인물은 김 훈장이다. 『토지』는 김 훈장을 통해 일제에 대해 물리적 대결을 하려는 당대 유학자들의 진정성을 인정하면서도, 그 한계를 비판하고 있다. 두 번째 유학 담론은 현실의 부정성을 비판하면서 맞서 싸우지 않고 도피해야 한다는 주장이다. 유학의 도(道)를 미래에까지 계승하기 위해서는 의미없는 죽음보다는 비겁하지만 목숨을 부지하는 것이 더 중요하다고 생각했기 때문이다. 세 번째 유학 담론은 시류에 편승해야 한다는 주장이다. 그들은 자신들의 기득권을 바탕으로 시류에 편승하여 엘리트로서의 역사적 과제를 무시하고 사적 이익을 취하였다. 조준구로 대표되는 이 유형의 인물들은 『토지』에서 가장 크게 비판을 받는다.

Excavator working in the quarry and junkyard, is very difficult to move the things in the truck, because the position of the cab is low, eyesight is not visible. The cab visibility, safety and ease of operation is obtained by the development of the cab lifting system moving the position. To apply cab lifting system on the existing excavator, development of new sub-frame is positively necessary. In this study, the sub-frame, which is suitable for its main function, is manufactured and is verified through hardness test, finite element analysis and endurance test.

According to the rapid evolution of information technology, the salesperson's business efficiency and faster information sharing within the enterprise that need to improve competitiveness has been increasing steadily. In general, many companies has been managed the sales through the ERP system. However, the ERP informations as a result of operating activities can not perform customer maintenance activities from strategic planning. Therefore, a series of sales activities information as corporate intellectual assets is needed strategic business solutions for managing it. In this study, the web-based SFA systems were designed for salesperson. Salespersons improve the efficiency of the business through management and improvement activities of sales information. The systematic customer information management contribute to improving the company's revenue through improved customer service satisfaction.

Recent cross-country competition and Chinese steel industry because of the emerging steel industry in Korea is a very difficult situation. Therefore, the steel industry in order to overcome this difficult market environment, the quality, cost competitiveness, enhance customer service levels and enhance international competitiveness through is needed. In this study, the purpose of strengthening the competitiveness of steel companies in order and hit the recovery of raw materials have been developed to optimize the model, developed before and after the results were analyzed. In addition, when applied to other products in order to minimize risk and optimize cutting trial stage of development details of the model is presented in detail. Therefore, the developed model was applied to order the recovery of raw materials hits and significantly improved production planning time has been shortened dramatically. In the present study the contents of other products when properly applied and the competitiveness of companies to improve customer service levels are expected to be helpful.

본 연구는 식물공장의 각 공정 간을 연결하는 육묘라인을 폐쇄형 레일로 설정하고, 그 레일 상에서 구름바퀴 이동을 하는 육묘베드가 있고, 이 육묘 베드위의 일정위치에 육묘트레이를 자동으로 올려놓는 자동적재장치를 개발하기 위하여 수행되었다. 이 장치의 개발을 위한 기초시험으로 바닥재 위에 육묘트레이를 올려놓고 밀기이송을 하는 시험을 실시하고, 밀기이송력의 변화를 측정 분석하여 최적의 육묘트레이 자동적재장치를 개발하였다. 바닥 위에 파종완료한 트레이를 올려놓고 밀기 이송을 할 때 최대 이송력은 이송속도 30 cm/s에서 트레이 3개를 이송할 때로 초기이송시점에서 최대 피크이송력과 초기 과도상태 이후 최대 정상상태 이송력이 각각 바닥재료가 고무판에서는 32.8 N, 29.4 N, 목재판 29.7 N, 22.5 N, 아크릴판 26.9 N, 19.6 N, 철판 27.6 N, 19.1 N으로 나타났다. 이 이송력의 변화는 모노레일 컨베이어가 트레이와 충돌 직후 최대로 발생했으며, 이후 점차 줄어들어 안정적으로 변화되는 것으로 나타났다. 트레이를 2개 이상 맞대어 밀기이송 시 트레이 외각 받침날의 겹침현상이 일어났다. 최종적으로 개발한 육묘 트레이 적재이송장치는 100회의 작동시험 결과 작동에러는 없었으며, 최대 육묘트레이 적재이송 작업속도는 2초/매, 트레이 이송위치 최대오차는 0.5 cm로 나타났다.

Today, many companies have introduced an ERP system - an enterprise resources planning - in order to improve corporate credibility through transparent management and for quick responses to market situations through quick decision making. After the construction of an ERP system, many companies are having difficulty in calculating the appropriate number of personnel required for running the system because of a lack of standard for doing so, as well as a lack of pertinent procedures. As a result, the companies are having to resort to a trial-and-error approach. Therefore this paper studied a model for calculating the appropriate number of personnel required for efficiently running an ERP system after its construction, as well as for constantly meeting its performance targets. The developed model was applied empirically to calculate an appropriate number of personnel required, and an organization was set up according to this. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to present an optimized model for calculating the number of personnel required for operating an ERP system, that which addresses problems of existing models, in order to help companies organize the operation personnel and its size, as well as to provide more objectivity to the calculated number of personnel required and to improve credibility.

The company protects the information of legacy system to satisfy all member in company. Integrating between applications is increasing recently because of e-Business activation. The e-Business activation also make between extra companies and intra companies integrated. This paper suggest on implementing the ERP using Phased Approach Method and the EAI(Enterprise Application Integration) with legacy system. This paper also suggest the standard method which would be used in implementing the EAI in another company and reduce the mistake during the EAI project. Therefore, it would be the one system between complicated systems through application integration, it would be also make shop floors visualized. This research would help users and service suppliers getting more advantages of e-Business system.

The Port treat 99.7% of freight for imports & exports in our country. So The Port is much accounted of the economy. Then the government and economy study about rasing port efficiency and productivity. But most of the studies are related with container terminal. Container is easy to treat. Because container is standardized. And it also is easy to implement to a system. But general terminal which treats bulk-cargo or general cargo is not. In this study, Stevedoring System applying PDA is developed by analyzing current system and business process. It is based on Web Service. So It is easy of access.

Today, many companies will be isolated in competition if they do not have competitive power to overcome quick change and big crisis of market. Nowadays, globally high-grade companies have done their best for increasing their competitive power through a many kinds of methods in keen competition for making of pacesetting position. This study focuses on distribution with the domains like capacity, layout, amount of location, assignment of product, operation procedure and operation rule in order to improve these domains, we make a further application of eight analysis ways based on DMAIC method for improving operation of processes of distribution center as the third profit source. The purpose of this study is to seek an approach that can easily adopt of Lean Six Sigma in operational management of distribution center by a kind of data, analysis method and template.

본 논문에서는 케이블-막구조의 요소이동을 고려한 해석 기법을 제시하기 위하여 초기평형형상해석 및 응력해석과 요소이동성을 고려한 해석으로 구분하여 연구함으로서 이론적인 접근을 통해 요소이동성을 평가하였으며, 요소이동을 고려한 해석으로 ALE(Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian) 유한요소법을 이용하여 작성된 알고리즘을 제시하여 다양한 예제의 검증을 통해 제안방법을 평가하였다.

In most recent years, the business competition has spreads over all fields of corporations and their management area regardless of time and place, which makes the survival environment of each enterprise fiercer. In order to secure a high position in the competitive market, the various firms has implemented many methods related to price, quality, and service efficiency. However, the implementation with only low price or high quality might be helpless to hold a high position in modem market. Moreover more attention should be paid to the internal business processes of an organization. Therefore, a new and different method should be searched or developed in order to win the competitive power among other enterprises. This research will focus on the improvement of the business processes within the non-manufacturing industry by applying Lean Six Sigma methodology. DMAIC method will be applied to improve the inbound and outbound logistics processes, manage the inbound and outbound vehicles, and control the receiving and shipping activities.

Payment and security requirement are playing an increasingly critical role in RFID system, allegedly the core of the ubiquitous, especially in logistics. Therefore, security technology has been playing essential role gradually unlike the past when only the perception of equipment was considered important technology. The current encoding system allows the access only to the user who has the secret key. Many encoding algorithm has been studied to ensure the security of secret key. Security protocol is the most typical way to authorize appropriate user perception by using the data and secret key to proceed the encoding and transmit it to the system in order to confirm the user. However, RFID system which transmits more than dozens of data per second cannot be used if the algorithm and protocol of the existing wired system are used because the performance will degrade as a consequence. Security protocol needs to be designed in consideration of property of RFID and hardware. In this paper, a protocol was designed using SNEP(Sensor Network Encryption Protocol), the security protocol used for the sensor similar to RFID- not the current system used in wired environment- and ECC (Elliptic Curve Cryptography: oval curve encoding), the encoding algorithm.