Naphthoquinone-1,2-diazide-5-sulfonyl [NDS]derivatives members of Quinone diazide compound that are utilizable as photoresist for printing plate were synthesized, and photoresist were prepared by mixing these derivatives with a matrix resin(PF, CF) at various weight ratios. Photosensitive characteristics of photoresist were studied by Gray scale method, and SEM to analyze if they can be used as photosensitive material in a printing plate. Experimental results showed using IR, UV, NDS derivatives were photoconverted and developer-soluble photoresist were produced. Photoresist in the mixing ratio of 1:4 of NDS[II] and CF resin gave rise to the highest dissolution rate. In addition, photoresist obtained at this condition resulted in the most superior sensitivity.

The synthetic method of pyrazole was performed by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with dipolarophile instead of the reaction between diazomethane and acetylene. The cycloaddition mechanism and reactivity of 3-phenyloxadiazole derivatives with dipolarophiles was investigated. In order to investigate the mechanism and reactivity of this cycloaddition, the effect of substituents having various kinds of electron withdrawing or releasing groups were examinated. Considering the effect of substituents, an electron withdrawing group attached at the 4-carbon position in 3-phenyloxadiazole derivatives decrease the reaction rate because of the lack of electron density in oxadiazole ring. The reaction rate of 3-phenyloxadiazole derivatives with dipolarophiles were more conveniently measured using UV than using a volumetric analysis which was used before. From the result of this study, it was that the cycloaddition was found to be a first-order reaction depending upon the concentration of 3-phenyloxadiazole only.

Furfurylidene acetophenone derivatives were synthesis, it was measured that nucleophilic addition made use of UV at a wide pH 1.0~13.0 range in 30% dioxane-H2O solution, 25℃. On the basis of general base catalysis, substitutent effect, confirmation of nucleophilic addition products, it was measured the reaction rate of furfurylidene acetophenone derivatives for the pH change. It may be concluded that a part was unrelated to pH and another part was in proportion to concentration of hydroxide ion: Above pH 10.0. sulfide anion adds to the double bond (Michael type addition), a part having no concern with pH, addition reaction to double bond is initiated by addition of neutral thiourea molecule. From the result of measurement the reaction rate, nucleophilic addition of furfurylidene acetophenone derivatives confirmed to the irreversible first order. Through measurement the substituent effect. It found that reaction rate was accelerated by electron attracting group. On the basis of these findings, nucleophilic addition of thiourea for the furfurylidene acetophenone derivative was proposed a fitting mechanisms.

Naphthoquinone-1,2-diazide-5-sulfonyl[NDAS] derivatives members of quinone diazide compound that are utilizable as photosensitive polymer material were synthesized, and photoresist were prepared by mixing these derivatives with m-cresol novolak(a matrix resin) at various weight ratios. Photosensitive characteristics of photoresist were studied by examining UV and IR, relative sensitivity using a Gray scale method, and SEM to analyze if they can be used as photosensitive material in printing process. Experimental results showed that, by UV, NDAS derivatives were photoconverted and developer-soluble photoresist were produced. The mixing ratio of 1:4(by mass) of NDAS+p-ydroxybenzophenone+sensitizer and m-cresol novolak gave rise to the highest dissolution rate. In addition, photoresist obtained at this condition resulted in the most superior sensitivity and contrast.

We have synthesized the water-insoluble chitosan derivative, N-dithiocarboxy chitosan sodium salt, through the reaction of chitosan with carbon disulfide in the presence of alkali metal hydroxide, Chitosan itself has been prepared using chitin, one of the most abundant compounds in nature, as a starting material. To elucidate this natural polymer the capacity of adsorbing heavy metal ions, we have performed adsorption experiments using chitosan derivatives of various average molecular weights with different contents of sulfur. The effect of pH, adsorption time and temperature on adsorption efficiency was also studied. The adsorbent derived from chitosan of average molecular weight ranging 5,700~20,000 was shown to have the highest capacity of adsorbing heavy metal ions. Adsorbing efficiency was increased as the reaction time was increased and as the reaction temperature range of 25~45℃. The adsorption capacity at various pH, however, appeared to vary depending on the heavy metal ions studied.

Chitosan itself has been prepared using chitin, one of the most abundant compounds in nature, as a starting material. We have synthesized the water-soluble chitosan derivative, N-dithiocarboxy chitosan sodium salt, through the reaction of water-soluble chitosan with carbon disulfide in the presence of alkali metal hydroxide. To elucidate this natural polymer capacity of adsorbing heavy metal ions, we have performed adsorption experiments using the water-soluble chitosan derivative various average molecular weight and of different percent contents of sulfur. The effect of pH, adsorption time and temperature on adsorption efficiency was also studied. The adsorbent derived from water-soluble chitosan of average molecular weight ranging 9,000~120,000 was shown to have the highest capacity of adsorbing heavy metal ions. On the whole, adsorbing efficiency was increased as the reaction time goes longer and also increased as the reaction temperture goes higer in temperture range of 15℃~45℃. The adsorption capacity at various pH, however, was appeared to vary depending on the heavy metal ions studied Judging from these finding, water-soluble N-dithiocarboxy chitosan sodium salt, a derivative of a biodegradable nature polymer, is believed to be a potential adsorbent for heavy metal ions since it not only is shown to lower the concentration of heavy metal ions to below the drainage quality standard, but also it would not cause acidification and hardening of soil which is one of the detrimental effects of synthetic macromolecular adsorbents present.

Fluorenylidene chalcone derivatives were synthesized by condensation. The structure of these compounds were ascertained by means of UV, melting point, IR and 1H-NMR spectra. The nucleophilic addition reaction kinetics of Thioglycolic acid to fluorenylidene chalcone was investigate by UV in 20% dioxane-H2O at 25℃. The rate equation which were applied over a wide pH1.0~13.0 range. On the basis of general base catalysis and confirmation of addition reaction product, the nucleophilic addtion reaction kinetics of thioglycolic acid to fluorenylidene chalcone were measured by the pH change. From the result of the above caption, a plausible nucleophilic addition reaction mechanism of thioglycolic acid to fluorenylidene chalcone was proposed. These compounds may be used as the starting materials for the preparation of the engineering plastics or the germicide.

Furfurylidene acetophenone derivatives were synthesis, it was measured that hydrolysis made use of UV at a wide pH 1.0~13.0 range in 30% dioxane-H2O solution, 25±1℃. On the basis of general base catalysis, substitutent effect, confirmation of hydrolysis products, it was measured the reaction rate of furfurylidene acetophenone derivatives for the pH change. It maybe concluded that a part was unrelated to pH and another part was in proportion to concentration of hydroxide ion : Above pH 10.0, It was in proportion to concentration of hydroxide ion, a part having no concern with pH was added to the neutral H2O molecule. From the result of measurement the reaction rate, hydrolysis of furfurylidene acetophenone derivatives confirmed to the irreversible first order. Through measurement the substituent effect, It found that reaction rate was accelerated by electron attracting group. Also, From the result of final product, There were furfural and acetophenone. On the basis of these findings, Hydrolysis for the furfurylidene acetophenone derivative was proposed a fitting mechanisms.

Benzoyl styrene derivatives were synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation. It was measured that nucleophilic addition of thiourea for benzoyl styrene made use of ultraviolet spectrophotometery at a wide pH 1.0~13.0 range in 5% dioxane-H2O at 40℃. On the basis of general base catalysis, substitutent effect, and confirmation of addtion reaction product, the nucleophilic addtion kinetics of thiourea for benzoylstyrene derivatives were measured by pH change. It maybe concluded that a part was unrelated to pH and another part was in proportion to concentration of hydroxide ion : Above pH 10.0. It was in propotion to concentration of hydroxide ion, a part having no concern with pH was added to the neutral thiourea molecule. From the results of measurement the reaction rate and there findings, nucleophilic addition of thiourea to benzoylstyrene derivative was proposed a fitting mechanism.

Phenylvinylsulfone derivatives were synthesized by Kirners condition. The structure of these compounds were ascertained by means of ultraviolet, melting point, IR and 1H-NMR spectra. The nucleophilic addtion reaction kinetics of L-cysteiene for phenylvinylsulfone was investigated by ultraviolet spectrophotometery in 40% EtOH-H2O at 25℃. The rate equations which were applied over a wide pH 1.0~13.0 range. On the basis of general base catalysis and confirmation of addtion reaction product, the nucleophilic addtion reaction kinetics of L-cysteiene for phenylvinylsulfone were measured by the pH change. From the result of the above caption, a plausible nucleophilic addtion reaction mechanism of L-cysteiene for phenylvinylsulfone was proposed. These compounds may by used ad the starting materials for the preparation of the engineering plastics or the germicide.

The rate constant of Nucleophilic addition of sodium thiophenoxide to nitrone were determined by UV Spectrophotometry and a rate equation which can be applied over wide pH range was obtained. Base on the rate equation, general base effect, substituent effect and final product, plausible mechanism of addition reaction have been proposed. Blow pH 3.0, the reaction was initiated of thiophenol, and in the range of pH 3.0~10.0, proceeded by the competitive addition of thiophenol and thiophenoxide anion. Above the pH 10.0, the reaction proceeded through the addition of a thiophenoxide anion.

The rate constant of the nucleophilic addition of 1-propanethiol to α-phenyl-N-iso-propylnitrone derivatives were determined at various pH and a rate equation which can be applied over wide pH range is obtained. Final product of the addition reaction was α-thiopropyl-p-phenylbenzylideneamine. Base on the rate equation, general base effect, substituent effect and final product, plausible mechanism of addition reaction have been proposed. Below pH 3.0, the reaction was initiated by the addition of 1-propanthiol, and in the range of pH 3.0-10.0, proceeded by the competitive addition of 1-propanethiol and propanethiolate. Above the pH 10.0, the reaction proceeded through the addition of propanethiolate.

The Hydrolysis kinetics of Benzoyl Styrene Derivatives[I]~[IV] was investigated by ultraviolet spectrophotometery in 5% dioxane-H2O at 40℃. The structure of these compounds were ascertained by means of ultraviolet, melting point, IR and NMR spectra. The rate equations which were applied over a wide pH range (pH 1.0~13.0) were obtained. The substituent effects on Benzoyl styrene derivatives[I]~[IV] were studied, and the hydrolysis were facilitated by electron attracting groups. On the basis of the rate equation and substitutent effect and final product, the plausible hydrolysis reaction mechanism was proposed: At pH 1.0~pH 9.0, not relevant to the hydrogenl ion concentration, neutral H2O molecule competitively attacked on the double bond. By contrary. Above pH 9.0, It was proportional to concentration of hydroxidel ion.

Intermediates, 1-benzyl-2-substituted-3-carboxaldehyde[I]-[II], were prepared by the reaction of 2-substituted indole-3-carboxaldehyde with benzyl chloride. Indolylacrylophenone derivatives[III]-[X] were prepared from 1-benzyl-2-substituted-3-carboxaldehyde with acetophenone derivatives. They are as follows; 3-(1'-benzylindole-3'-yl)-1acrylophenone [III] 3-(1'-benzylindole-3-yl)-1(p-methoxy)acrylophenone [IV] 3-(1'-benzylindole-3-yl)-1(p-bromo)acrylophenone [V] 3-(1'-benzylindole-3-yl)-1(p-chloro)acrylophenone [VI] 3-(1'-benzyl-2'-methylindole-3'-yl)-1-acrylophenone [VII] 3-(1'-benzyl-2'-methylindole-3'-yl)-1-(p-methoxy)acrylophenone [VIII] 3-(1'-benzyl-2'-methylindole-3'-yl)-1-(p-bromo)acrylophenone [VIII] 3-(1'-benzyl-2'-methylindole-3'-yl)-1-(p-chloro)acrylophenone [X]

The rate constants of hydrolysis of α-phenly-N-iso-propylnitrone and its derivatives have been determined by UV spectrophotometry at 25℃ and a rate equation which can be applied over a wide pH range was obtained. On the basis of rate equations derived and judging from the hydrolysis products obtained and general base and substituent effects, plausible mechanism of hydrolysis in various pH range have been proposed. Below pH 4.5, the hydrolysis was initiated by the protonation and followed by the addition of water to α-carbon. Above pH 10.0, the hydrolysis was proceeded by the addition of hydroxide ion to α-carbon. In the range of 4.5~10.0, the addition of water to nitrone was rate controlling step.

The hydrolysis reaction kinetics of 2-thienyl chalcone derivatives [II]~[V] was investigated by ultraviolet spectrophotometery in 20% dioxane-H2O at 25℃ and the structure of these compounds were ascertained by means of ultraviolet, infrared and NMR spectra. The rate equations which were applied over a wide pH range(pH 1.0~13.0) were obtained. The substituent effects on 2-thienyl chalcone derivatives[II]~[V] were studied, and the hydrolysis were facilitated by electron attracting groups. On the basis of the rate equation, substitutent effect and final product, the plausible hydrolysis reaction mechanism was proposed : At pH 1.0~9.0, not relevant to the hydrogen ion concentration, neutral H2O molecule competitvely attacked on the double bond. By contraries, above pH 9.0, it was proportional to concentration of hydroxide ion.

The kinetics of the addition of thiourea to cinnamenylisophorone derivatives(X : H, p-Br, p-CH3 m-CH3, p-OCH3) was investigated using ultraviolet spectrophotometry in 20%(v/v) dioxane-H2O at 25℃. A rate equation which can be applied over wide pH range(pH 1.0~13.0) was obtained. In order to investigate the substituent effects of cinnamenylisophorone derivatives. Hammett constant was plotted. As the result, the rate of uncleophilic addition of thiourea to cinnamenylisophorone derivatives was facilitated by electron donating group. It was found that addition of neutral thiourea which was not dissociated at the pH 1.0~9.0 was proceeded, the reaction was proceeded by addition of dissociated anion of thiourea above the pH 10.0. On the basis of this kinetic study, the reaction mechanism of nucleophilic addition of thiourea was investigated.

The hydrolysis kinetics of 2-furyl chalcone derivatives [I]~[V] was investigated by ultraviolet spectrophotometery in 30% dioxane-H2O at 25℃ and the structure of these compounds were ascertained by means of ultraviolet, infrared and NMR spectra. The rate equations which were applied over a wide pH range(pH 1.0~12.0) were obtained. The substituent effects on 2-furyl chalcone derivatives [I]~[V] were studied, and the hydrolysis were facilitated by the electron attrecting groups. On the basis of the rate equation, substituent effect, general base effect and final product. the plausible hydrolysis mechaism was proposed: Below pH 4.0, it was only proportional to concentration of hydronium ion, at pH 4.0~9.0, neutral H2O molecule competitively attacked on the double bond. By contrast, above pH 9.0, it was proportional to concentration of hydroxide ion.

The kinetics of the hydrolysis of indolylacrylophenone derivatives(IA) was investigated by ultraviolet spectrophotometry in 30% dioxane-H2O at 25℃ Rate equations were obtained over a wide pH range. On the basis of rate equation, general base catalysis and Hammett's plot, the mechanism of hydrolysis to the (IA) were proposed: Below pH 3.0, the hydrolysis of (IA) was proportional to hydronium ion concentration, between pH 4.0~9.0 neutral water molecule and hydroxide ion were added to carbon-carbon double bond and over pH 10.0 hydrolysis of (IA) was proportional to hydroxide ion concentration.

The kinetics of the addition of 1-benzylindole-3-(p-substituted) acetophenone derivatives was investigated by ultraviolet spectrophotometery in 30% dioxane -H2O at 25℃. A rate equation which can be applied over wide pH range was obtained. The Substituent effects on 1-benzylindole-3-(p-substituted) acetophenone derivatives were studied, and addition were facilitated by electron attracting groups. On the base of the rate equation, substituent effect, and general base effect the plausible addition mechanism was proposed : Below pH 3.0, only neutral thiourea molecule was added to the carbon-carbon double bond, and in the range of pH 0.0~14.0, netural thiourea molecule and thiourea anion competitively attacted the double bond. By contrast, above pH 10.0, the reaction was dependent upon only the addition of thiourea anion.