Mucous retention cyst (MRC) is not uncommon in the pathology of maxillary sinus, which should be differentially diagnosed from chronic maxillary sinusitis. The main stream of diagnosis usually depends on the clinical symptoms and radiological findings. Thus it was sometimes puzzling to confirm the histological features of mucous retention phenomenon in the antral mucosa, when the specimen was from a limited portion or much degenerated by inflammatory reaction. This study aims to define the histopathological features of MRC through reevaluation of MRCs (n=19) and maxillary sinusitis (n=65) diagnosed previously. The present study classified three types of MRC, i.e., an extravasation type, a luminal retention type, and a mixed type of MRC. The extravasation type MRC showed clear pseudocyst cavity under sinus mucosa with infiltration of foamy macrophage, and the luminal retention type MRC showed mucous retention in the luminal cavity of maxillary sinus accompanied with inflammatory reaction, and the mixed type MRC showed the both features of extravasation and luminal retention type MRCs. Resultantly, among nineteen cases of MRC only three cases belonged to the extravasation type MRC, eleven cases belonged to luminal retention type MRC, and three cases belonged to mixed type MRC, while two cases were turned out to be postoperative residual cysts of maxillary sinus. The MRCs examined in this study showed different pathological features from ordinary maxillary sinusitis, exhibiting the typical mucin retention phenomenon of extravasation type or luminal retention type with relatively mild inflammatory reaction with infiltration of mucin-pooled macrophages. However, the luminal retention type MRC was predominant among the MRCs (11/17, 64.7%) and each of the extravasation and mixed type MRCs was only three cases out of 17 MRCs (17.6%). The extravasation type MRC characteristically produces a pseudocyst by the overexpressions of matrix metalloprotease-3 (MMP-3) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). Because not only the pathogenetic mechanism but also the prognosis of MRC is different from chronic maxillary sinusitis, we suggest that the MRC of maxillary sinus should be classified into extravasation, luminal retention, and mixed types in the histological observations in addition to the clinical and radiological informations.

본 연구는 지불계수를 이용하여 시험포장 구간의 품질을 평가하고 이에 따른 피로수명의 변화를 분석하기 위해 실시되었다. 특히 품질관리가 어려운 아스팔트 함량을 지불규정 기준인자로 선정하여 지불계수를 산출하였다. 먼저 아스팔트 함량이 피로수명에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위하여 아스팔트 함량에 따른 피로수명의 연관성을 분석하였다. 이후 총 2회에 걸쳐 시험포장 구간에서 시료를 채취해서 지불계수를 산출하여 시험포장 구간의 품질을 평가하였으며, 지불계수에 따라 시험포장 구간의 품질에 차이가 있음을 확인 할 수 있었다. 시험포장 구간에 포설된 아스팔트 혼합물을 이용하여 시편을 제작, 피로수명을 분석하였다. 그 결과 지불계수가 높은 시험포장의 피로수명이 월등히 높음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이는 통계이론을 이용한 지불계수가 실제 포장의 피로수명을 반영한다는 것을 의미한다고 사료된다. 또한 시험포장 구간에 아스팔트 혼합물을 납품한 플랜트의 배합보고서와 동일한 시편을 제작하여 휨 피로시험을 실시하여 1, 2회차 시험포장의 피로수명들과 비교하였다. 그 결과 배합보고서를 기초로 제작한 시편의 피로수명이 시험포장 구간의 피로수명에 비해 월등히 높음을 알 수 있었다. 이는 입도나 기타 요인에 따른 공용성 감소현상이 발생 할 수 있음을 나타내는 것이라 사료된다. 따라서 지불규정을 적용중인 미국과 같이 입도, 공극률 등을 지불규정 기준인자로 선정하여 최종적인 지불계수를 산출하는 것이 보다 정확한 도로포장의 품질을 평가할 수 있을 것이다.

본 연구는 콘크리트 포장의 지불규정 인자 중 콘크리트 휨강도와 표면 평탄성이 콘크리트 포장 공용성에 미치는 영향에 대하여 분석하고, 이러한 인자에 대한 지불규정을 적용할 때 인자의 크기에 따른 적절한 허용범위를 결정하는 근거를 마련하기 위하여 수행되었다. 콘크리트의 휨강도에 대하여 AASHTO, 지수형, 선형 피로파손 공식 등의 공용성 모델을 이용하여 분석을 수행하였으며, 콘크리트 포장의 표면 평탄성에 대해서는 PSI, IRI, PrI 등의 평탄성 지수와 AASHTO 피로파손 공식을 사용하여 분석을 수행하였다. 연구결과, 휨강도의 허용 기준은 휨강도 손실률(손실량/휨강도)을 기준으로 하여야 하며, 휨강도 손실률이 증가할수록 설계수명이 선형으로 감소하기 때문에 이에 적절하게 공사비를 차감 지급해야 하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 표면 평탄성은 초기 평탄성이 우수할수록 평탄성지수의 손실률을 크게 허용해야 하며, 휨강도와 같이 평탄성 지수 손실률과 포장 수명 감소가 선형으로 비례하므로 공사비 차등 적용도 이에 적절하게 하여야 한다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

Krox-25, a Kruppel type zinc finger protein, may play an important role for the morphogenesis of tooth in ectomesenchymal interaction between enamel epithelium and odontogenic mesenchyme. The interrupted expression of Krox-25 by antisense inhibition is supposed to affect the abnormal development of tooth germ similar to the deranged proliferation of odontogenic tumors. This study was performed to know the histomorphogenetic effect of Krox-25 antisense inhibition in tooth germs of mouse embryos and to understand the abnormal expressions of Krox-25 in different odontogenic tumors which proliferate in aberrant direction of ecto-mesenchymal interaction. Total 95 tooth germs obtained from pregnant mice in the 13th day of fertilization were cultured with antisense oligonucleotides targeting mouse Krox-25 gene, and their histological patterns were compared with those of different odontogenic tumors, i.e., ameloblastic fibro-odontoma (n=5), ameloblastoma (n=8), and ameloblastic carcinoma (n=2). Resultantly, the cultured tooth germs treated with antisense oligodeoxynucleotides produced primitive dentine and enamel by odontoblasts and ameloblasts, respectively, but they aberrantly grew and formed abnormal tooth organs. Especially, the harmonious growth of enamel and dentine formation was greatly deranged by the antisense inhibition in the organ culture system. These findings were much similar to the abnormal growth of odontogenic tumors. The relatively well differentiated enamel epithelium of ameloblastic fibro-odontoma showed irregularly strong reaction of Krox-25, while the poorly differentiated enamel epithelium of ameloblastic carcinoma showed weak reaction. These data suggest that Krox-25 may play important roles for the histomorphogenesis of tooth germ by signaling the ecto-mesenchymal interaction between odontoblasts and ameloblasts in normal tooth germ development of mouse embryos as well as in cytodifferentiation of odontogenic tumors.

A patient complaining of severe pain in the right submandibular area showed a huge sialolith in radiogram. During the operation, the submandibular gland was much indurated, and large amount of pus was discharged out at an incision of the salivary gland. The removed salivary gland contained a huge sialolith in the major excretory duct of submandibular gland, which had an intact grayish-white surface in ovoid shape. In the histological examination its excretory ducts were extensively dilated without extravasation of saliva, and the involved salivary gland was almost destroyed by the granulomatous r eaction. Most of a cinar cells were d isappeared and r eplaced by ductal cells filled with exudative materials. The microsections of sialolith showed typical laminar structures of calcification containing amorphous basophilic material in the center, in which a lot of Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms were found. In the center of sialolith numerous microorganisms were admixed with mucinous materials which were strongly positive for the antibody of mucin-1, and formed multiple colonies. In the periphery of the bacterial colonies proline rich proteins (PRPs) were condensely localized, and followed by the consistent positive reaction of transglutaminase 4 (TGase-4). These data suggest that the sialolith of this study is formed from the primary nidus of bacterial colony aggregated with salivary mucin-1 and PRPs by the crosslinking reaction of TGase-4.

In order to know the degenerating state of postnatal cleft lip tissue, total 23 cases of lip biopsy obtained from cleft lip surgery were collected and examined pathologically. The cleft lip tissues characteristically disclosed epithelial hyperplasia (13/23), stromal myxoid degeneration (20/23), salivary gland degeneration (1/23), muscular degeneration (11/23), and sebaceous gland hyperplasia (15/23), melanocytic infiltration (5/23). The epithelial hyperplasia was marked with hyperkeratosis and basal hyperplasia, which was usually coincident with the myxoid degeneration of underlying connective tissue. The myxoid degeneration was diffuse in the deep connective tissue with chronic inflammatoryreaction, and followed by extensive muscular degeneration. The sebaceous gland hyperplasia was usually predominant in the skin area of the cleft lip. In this study the lip biopsy from 30years old patient still showed remarkable retrogressive degeneration of lip tissue. Therefore, it is considered that the postnatal cleft lip tissue is continuously degenerative, and its retrogressive change gradually affects the deterioration of perioral muscular structures, consequently resulted in the failure of lip functions as well as further bizarre malformation of oro-facial shape during the postnatal period. These data also indicate that the biopsy of postnatal cleft lip should be recommended to know its variable degenerating status and to perform the proper rehabilitation surgery of cleft lip.

A case of chronic osteomyelitis caused by prolonged intake of bisphosphonate showed multiple recurrences involving extensive area of mandibular body. After saucerization the removed bony fragments were decalcified, microsected in 4 ㎛ thickness, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Masson trichrome, von Gieson, and periodic acid Schiff reaction. The inflammatory lesion contained fragile osteophytes easily propagated into sequestra. Histologically, this osteomyelitis was relatively less suppurative but almost granulomatous, highly infiltrated with small round cells and macrophages. The osteophytes were frequently deposited on the old lamellate bone, but their ossification was extremely immature and frequently filled with sclerosed collagen bundles positive for von Gieson stain. In the polarizing microscope observation under Masson trichrome stain the newly deposited osteophytes were lack of birefringence image of Haversian system contrast to the old bone nearby. Therefore, we presume that the prolonged intake of bisphosphonate may induce the immature osteophytes lack of Harversian system, which are partly filled with sclerotic collagen bundles, and the immature bone is easily undergone extensive degeneration and necrosis, resulted in the inflammatory foci for multiple recurrent osteomyelitis.

Although the sparganosis involving soft tissues, i.e, tongue, cheek, etc., has been frequently reported, the mandibular involvement of sparganosis is not reported up to date. We present a case of intraosseous sparganosis involving whole mandible, which was clinically diagnosed as chronic osteomyelitis. After surgical operation of saucerization for the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis the removed specimens were pathologically examined and finally turned out intraosseous sparganosis. Radiological findings showed irregular multiple radiolucencies in round to ovoid shape throughout both mandibular body areas, of which peripheral rarefying radiopacity was less remarkable compared to the ordinary osteomyelitis. However, the radiolucencies of periapical granuloma, #34-36, were closely associated with the osteolytic lesions of mandibular body. Pathological examination showed a tunnel like space for the passage of sparganum larva, and heavy infiltration of eosinophilicleukocytes. And more, the parasitic tegument materials were found admixed with eggs in the granulomatous lesion, which were gradually degraded and resolved. Taken together, we presumed that the mandibular inflammatory lesion was primarily involved with sparganosis and secondarily aggravated by the periapical infection of #34-36.

The polarizing images of hard tissues including bone and cementum show characteristic features of different birefringence fortheir microstructures. Nevertheless, the clear mechanism of the amplified birefringence under polarizing microscope has not been well understood. We hypothesized that the unique polarized light could be accumulated in the microtubules due to the decreased refractory angle by the inside lower-density matrix, and then the accumulated light in the microtubules could be dispersed brightly. In order to elucidate the polarizing effect on the microtubules, the dentinal tubules in different conditions were observed, and compared with each other to explain their birefringence phenomena. In the decalcified sections of normal tooth, the dentinal tubules located near the pulp chamber showed strong birefringence, while the sclerosed dentinal tubules near the dentino-enamel junction did not show the birefringence. The birefringence was more conspicuous in the longitudinal sectionsof dentinal tubules than in the cross sections. In the decalcified sections of complex odontoma, which produced abnormal and immature dentinal tubules, the birefringence was not observed in the shrunken dentinal tubules filled with dense materials, while the peritubular matrix showed clear birefringence. The birefringence was also observed in the collagen fibers in the connective tissue, and continuously strong in the immature cemental materials containing precollagen fibers. However, the highly mineralized osteodentine did not show the birefringence. Taken together, these data suggest that the microtubules composed ofless-dense matrix than the background tissue, i.e., dentinal tubules, Haversian canals, etc., produce the amplified birefringence by the polarizing light according to the hypothesis of microtubule refraction.

본 연구는 국내에 적합한 지불규정을 도입하기 위해 아스팔트 포장의 품질측정 방법을 제시하고자 수행되었다. 지불규정은 통계이론을 바탕으로 포장의 품질을 결정하여 시공비용을 조정하는 방법으로 지불규정을 적용하는 미국 대다수의 주에서는 고유의 품질테이블을 이용해 PWL(Percent With in Limit)을 산정한다. 따라서 미국 South Carolina에서 적용중인 품질측정테이블을 사용한 PWL과 통계분석방법에 기초한 확률이론의 비교분석을 통해 PWL의 국내 적용여부의 가능성을 판단하였다. 시험포장구간의 데이터를 사용하여 통계이론을 이용해 산출한 확률값과 PWL을 미국AASHTO에서 제시한 지불계수(Pay Factor)에 대입한 결과는 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으며 확률값 도출을 위한 Z-Value산출과정에서 모집단의 평균을 추정해 계산한 확률값 역시 PWL과 유사한 값을 보였다. 또한 현행 아스팔트 포장의 시방규정을 만족하지만 표준편차가 큰 가상의 데이터를 이용하여 지불계수를 산정한 결과 데이터의 평균값은 현행 시방규정에 만족하지만 지불계수는 100%이하로 산정되는 경우가 있는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이는 PWL방법을 이용함으로써 균질하고 성능이 우수한 품질의 측정이 가능한 것을 의미하며 따라서 국내실정에 접합한 품질측정테이블을 개발하여 PWL을 국내 지불규정의 품질측정방법으로 사용하는 것이 적합한 것으로 판단되었다.

53 years old female showed repeated ulceration of labial gingival mucosa at upper and lower anterior teeth, which was a partly desquamated and erythematous lesion. The lesion was slightly extended into vestibule and buccal mucosa in oral cavity, but the similar lesion was not found in other organs by medical inspection. The incisional biopsy including the border of the ulcerated mucosa and normal mucosa showed a severely inflamed mucosa, of which epithelium was gradually detached from the underlying conective tissue, so that it was diagnosed as a mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) pathologically. The epithelium was thinned, almost lost its rete pegs, and the basement membrane was completely distorted by the epithelial detachement. The inflammatory cell infiltration was mainly composed of small round cells and plasma cells. Immunohistochemistry was performed to know the expression of pathogenetic proteins using antisera of Igk, E-cadherin, laminin a5, elafin, and eIF5A. The basement membrane at the epithelial detachment was condensely positive for Igk, and the involved epithelium became atrophic but showed consistently positive reaction of matrix proteins and protein translation factor, i.e., E-cadherin, laminin a5, elafin, and eIF5A similar to the adjacent normal mucosa continuous to the MMP lesion. The Igk was also diffusely deposited on the basement membrane of nearby normal mucosa. Many plasma cells infiltrated around the lesion were strongly positive for Igk in their cytoplasms. Therefore, we suggest that the MMP be characterized by the deposition of Igk on the basement membrane of the detached epithelium in the absence of no other pathognomic changes of molecular events.

Most of mucous retention phenomena occurred in the mucous secretory glands, 1 e ‘ minor salivary gland, sublingual gland and submandibular gland. The mucous retention cyst from parotid gland has been very rarely reported in the literature As the parotid gland is composed of serous acini, the serous saliva is less likely to produce the retention phenomenon in the ducts or extraductal tissue. Here, a case of mucous retention cyst in parotid gland was demonstrated The patient of this case has been complaining of recurrent swelling of right cheek in parotid gland a'rea, and showed a feature of chronic sialadenitis or benign salivary gland tumor. The extravasated serous saliva was diffusely dispersed into the adjacent connective tissue, forming an ill-defined cyst cavity with hyalinized sclerotic luminal surface The inflammatory reaction was relatively mild compared to the extensive destruction of periglandular connective tissue However, the typical foamy macrophage was not seen but the infiltrated macrophages containing abundant eosi nophilic cytoplasm. The mucous retention phenomenon could be very rare in parotid gland, which is also easily distinguishable from chronic sialadenitis or benign tumor through path이ogical examination.

In order to develop a protective carrier scaffolder for the external usage of medical and hygienic materials, three essential protective elements existing in nature, i.e., algin, cellulose, and calcium phosphate apatite, were investigated. The algin is a main skeletal component of sea weeds, the cellulose is of vegetables, and the calcium phosphate apatite is of vertebral animals. In the present study we select the agarose which is a derivative from algin, the cellulose fiber obtained from skin of sea squirt, calcium oxide purified from shell powder, and tricalcium phosphate apatite purchased commercially. Consequently, the agarose-cellulose hybrid was made by the hydrogen bonds intermediating the calcium phosphate apatite between agarose and cellulose molecules. As the calcium phosphate apatite is formed by the addition of calcium hydroxide into tricalcium phosphate solution, we used calcium oxide to accelerate the hybridization between the agarose and calcium phosphate apatite and also between the cellulose and calcium phosphate apatite. In the phase contrast microscopic observation the agarose-cellulose hybrid showed more compact matrix structure than the mixture of agarose and cellulose. The agarose-cellulose hybrid showed increased storage modulus but decreased loss modulus in Rheometer test compared to those of the other materials tested in this study, representing that the agarose-cellulose hybrid has the highest elasticity among them and similar water capacity to agarose. The agarose-cellulose hybrid showed the strongest antimicrobial effect in bacteria killing assay than the other materials, and also it showed a potent blood clotting effect but no immunological hypersensitivity on the human skin. From the above results we presumed that the nobel material, agarose-cellulose hybrid, is a compact scaffolding matrix which has proper elasticity, high capacity to hold substrates, and antimicrobial and blood clotting property potent enough to carry the bio-medical and hygienic materials for external treatment safely.

본 연구는 콘크리트 도로 포장의 고품질을 확보하기 위한 방안으로 지불규정을 개발하는 과정의 일환으로 수행되었으며 지불규정 적용을 위한 합리적인 품질측정방법의 개발 방안을 모색하고 품질에 따라 지불계수를 결정하는 기법을 개발하는 것이 목적이다. 우선 콘크리트 포장의 지불규정 인자인 슬래브 두께에 대하여 통계적인 기법을 이용하여 측정 자료를 분석함으로써 측정자에 따른 읽음오차를 감안하여 지불규정의 기준에 대한 허용오차를 결정하는 방법을 제시하였으며 두께 측정 시 측정 간격 및 위치 등의 측정빈도를 결정하는 방법도 제시하였다. 또한 지불계수를 합리적으로 결정하는 방법을 제시하기 위하여 슬래브 두께와 콘크리트 철강도 등의 지불규정 인자에 대하여 미국에서 사용하고 있는 PWL 방법을 이용한 지불계수를 산정하여 정규분포와 t분포를 이용하여 구한 지불계수와 비교분석함으로써 국내에 적용하기 적절한 지불계수를 산정하는 방안을 제시하였다.

35 peri-implantitis recently referred for 10 years showed four types of inflammatory lesions, such as mild granulomatous lesion(n=5), severe granulomatous lesion(n=4), severe inflammatory fibrous scar tissue(n=15), severe abscess formation(n=11). However, the inflammatory lesions were usually localized at the peri-implant area accompanying compensatory hyperplasia of fibrous connective tissue. The fibrous scar and the necrotic abscess frequently occurred depend on the severity of inflammatory reaction. Among 30 cases of severe inflammatory lesions, only 2 cases involved condensing osteitis in adjacent alveolar bone. Thus, we suppose that the inflammatory progression of peri-implantitis could be partly inhibited by the hyperplastic fibrous stromal tissue stimulated by implant material. And more, the focal abscess formed around the implant can be easily drainaged through the fibrous tract of implant pathway, resulted in the chronic persistent inflammatory granulomatous lesion, that is contrast to the common socket granuloma after tooth extraction. However, depend on the degree of inflammatory reaction in the peri-implantitis the inflamed fibrous collagenous tissues, unregenerated graft materials, necrotic abscess and sequestra should be removed by surgical intervention and followed by antibiotic therapy, because the peri-implant tissue is as vivid as the normal periodontium for the inflammatory defense system. Therefore, we suggest that the inflammatory lesions of peri-implantitis be carefully treated to improve the prognosis for the following dental treatments