The objective of this study was to investigate the quality properties of sausages added with the atmospheric pressure plasma treated extract of Perilla frutescens Britton var. acuta Kudo (red perilla). The lyophilized powder of red perilla extract treated by atmospheric-pressure plasma contained 7.5 g kg-1 nitrite. Sausage samples were manufactured with the addition of sodium nitrite (Control), celery powder (Celery), or plasma-treated extract of red perilla (PTP) to obtain nitrite concentration of 70 mg kg-1. The residual nitrite content was the lowest in PTP during storage for 21 days at 4℃ (p<0.05). The total aerobic bacteria counts were higher in PTP than in Control and Celery during storage at 4℃ (p<0.05). Malondialdehyde content of sausages was significantly lower in PTP than in Control and Celery during storage (p<0.05). PTP showed the lowest L* value and the highest b* value among the tested sausage samples during storage (p<0.05). PTP received the low scores in all the sensory properties of sausages because of its inherent color and flavor. The results suggested that the plasma-treated extract of red perilla was an unsuitable natural nitrite source for cured meat products because of its adverse effect on sensory quality. However, natural nitrite source with increased nitrite content can be produced by the treatment of the natural plant extract with atmosphericpressure plasma.

Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) is used for the various piezoelectric devices owing to its high piezoelectric properties. However, lead (Pb), which is contained in PZT, causes various environment contaminations. (K,Na)NbO3 (NKN) is the most well-known candidate for a lead-free composition to replace PZT. A single crystal has excellent piezoelectric-properties and its properties can be changed by changing the orientation direction. It is hard to fabricate a NKN single crystal due to the sodium and potassium. Thus, (Na,K)NbO3-Ba(Cu,Nb)O3 (NKN-BCuN) is chosen to fabricate the single crystal with relative ease. NKNBCuN pellets consist of two parts, yellow single crystals and gray poly-crystals that contain copper. The area that has a large amount of copper particles may melt at low temperature but not the other areas. The liquid phase may be responsible for the abnormal grain growth in NKN-BCuN ceramics. The dielectric constant and tan δ are measured to be 684 and 0.036 at 1 kHz in NKN-BCuN, respectively. The coercive field and remnant polarization are 14 kV/cm and 20 μC/cm2.

This study was conducted to determine the absorption properties of silicone oil, liquid paraffin, and silicone rubber as absorbents for hydrophobic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) mainly emitted from the printing and publishing industry through VOCs absorption efficiency and partition coefficient. Also, changes in absorbability were tested through blending of absorbents and load of target VOCs mixtures. The results obtained can be used as fundamental data to choose an appropriate absorbent. All of the three absorbents showed an excellent absorption efficiency of above 98% for each 5 wt% load of the target VOCs including toluene, xylene, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), isopropyl alcohol (IPA), 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene (124-TMB), and n-Nonane. In terms of toluene load, all absorbents showed good absorption efficiency of above 95% to a high load of 15 wt%. The air-absorbent partition coefficient of each target compound (P value) exhibited the highest value of 9.8 × 10−5 for 124-TMB in silicone rubber and the lowest value of 1.6 × 10−2 for IPA in liquid paraffin. These results indicate that the target VOCs had high affinity for the three absorbents. Absorption efficiency for the target VOCs at various absorbent blending ratios using three kinds of absorbents was improved to 99.9% regardless of the absorbent type or blending ratio. This result suggests that the shortcomings of single absorbents can be overcome through absorbent blending, enabling cost reduction and applicability to a dry-type treatment process. In treatment for mixture of the target VOCs to mimic an actual VOCs treatment, the absorption performances of silicone oil showed an absorption efficiency of 99% for 16 wt% of total VOCs load. These results indicated that silicone oil could be considered as a good absorbent.

A pilot-scale biocover was installed at a sanitary landfill for municipal waste, and the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by the biocover was evaluated for a long period of 550 days. The biocover (2.5 m W × 5 m L × 1 m H) was constructed with the mixture of soil, perlite, earthworm cast and compost (6:2:1:1, v/v). The total VOCs concentration of the inlet gas into the biocover was 820.3 ppb~7,217.9 ppb, and the total VOCs concentration of the outlet gas from the surface of the biocover was 12.6 ppb~1,270.1 ppb. The average removal efficiency of total VOCs was 87.6 ± 11.0% (60.5% for minimum and 98.5% for maximum). Toluene concentration was the highest among the inlet VOCs, followed by ethylbenzene, m, p-xylene and o-xylene. These aromatic VOCs accounted for more than 50% of the total VOCs concentration. Other than these aromatic VOCs, hexane, cyclohexane, heptane, benzene, and acetone were major VOCs among the inlet VOCs. Compared with the VOC profiles in the inlet gas, the relative contribution of dichloromethane to the outlet VOCs emitted from the biocover layer increased from 0.1% to 15.3%. The average removal efficiencies of BTEX in the biocover were over 84% during the operation period of 550 days. The average removal efficiencies of hexane, cyclohexane and heptane in the biocover were 86.0 ± 18.9%, 85.4 ± 20.4% and 97.1 ± 4.0%, respectively. The removal efficiency of VOCs in the biocover decreased not only when the ambient temperature had fallen below 5oC, but also when the ambient temperature had risen above 23oC. Information on the VOCs removal characteristics of the biocover installed in the landfill field can be useful for commercializing the biocover technology for the treatment of VOCs.

본 연구는 그림책을 활용한 부모 양육코칭 프로그램을 개발하는 것에 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 먼저 양육, 부모양육, 그림책 관련 선행연구를 중심으로 문헌고찰을 실시하였으며, 그림책을 활용한 부모 양육코칭 프로그램의 최종안을 개발하여 제시하였다. 본 연구를 통해 개발된 ‘그림책을 활용한 부모양육코칭 프로그램’은 그림책 16권을 중심으로 모형개발을 하였다. 본연구는부모양육코칭프로그램으로자녀양육을위한구체적인방법을제시하였다는 점에서 의의가 있으며, 이를 바탕으로 유아교육현장에서 효과적인 부모로서 자녀의 양육이 실천되길 기대 한다.

농축산미생물배양실은 농축산미생물을 지자체에서 안전하게 관리하고 지원하기 위해 설립되었으며, 현재 전국에 130개소 이상 분포하고 있다. 주로 배양되는 미생물은 고초균, 광합성균, 유산균, 효모균, 질소고정균 등이다. 농축산미생물배양실의 종균관리, 오염등 품질관리에 대한 조사 연구가 수행되지 않아, 본 연구에서 농축산미생물배양실의 질적, 양적 오염 현황을 조사하였다. 조사결과 배양실에서는 공기 중에서 높은 농도의 세균(104CFU/m3)과 진균(104CFU/m3)이 검출되어 오염에 취약하였으며, 또한 배양실에서 보유 중인 종균이 다른 균주로 규명되는 경우도 조사 되었다. 효모 종균이 식중독균으로 동정되는 결과도 관찰되었다. 대부분의 농축산미생물배양실에서 미생물의 특성을 고려하지 않고 혼합하여 배양하였으며, 기업으로부터 납품받은 일부 배지에서는 미생물이 생육하지 못하는 현상도 조사 되었다. 또한, 인체병원균으로 분류되는 황색포도상구균, Bacillus cereus 병원성대장균등이 농민들에게 나누어 주는 미생물배양액에서 검출되었다. 이러한 문제점들은 배양 업무 담당자와 농민, 나아가 국민의 건강 을 해치고, 농업 경제에 악영향을 줄 수 있다.

This paper is a review on the treatment of volatile organic compounds using absorbents. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are carbon-based compounds with a boiling point ranging from 50℃ to 250℃. VOCs have been considered as contributors of photochemical smog and global warming as well as hazards to human health. VOCs can be removed by a variety of methods, including those that are destructive (incineration, catalytic oxidation, and biodegradation) and non-destructive (adsorption, absorption, and condensation). The removal performance of VOCs in the gas phase is influenced by gas-liquid mass transfer and/or the microbial activity depending on VOC properties such as solubility, diffusivity, bioavailability, and toxicity. Since the usual processes for VOCs removal involve water as a VOC absorbent, it is necessary to improve the removal efficiency of hydrophobic VOCs. In addition, VOC removal processes do not appear to show consistently satisfactory performance due to transient high-strength VOC loading in practical fields. To increase the gas-liquid mass transfer of hydrophobic VOCs and to prevent the functional deterioration due to transient high loading, the use of nonaqueous phase VOC absorbents is a promising strategy. This review offers a critical overview of the types, properties, and the applications of the VOC absorbents, including liquid organic solvents, ionic liquids, and solid polymers. This paper also details the advantages by employing the VOC absorbents for the removal of hydrophobic VOCs in the integrated process, absorption and biodegradation coupling process. The challenges of and future perspectives on the development of efficient VOC removal processes using VOC absorbents are briefly discussed.

The purpose of this study was to establish valerenic acid as a marker compound for the standardization of ethanol extract of Valerinan officinalis (valerian) root as a functional health food. We established valerenic acid as a marker compound using HPLC. HPLC was used to quantify the marker compound in the valerian extract after validation of methods with linearity, accuracy, and precision. The specificity for retention time was met by comparative analysis of the valerian extract and standard compound using HPLC. The method showed high linearity of the calibration curve with a coefficient of correlation (R2) of 0.9999. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was 10 μg/mL. The accuracy of measurement was 99.88~ 00.68% and the relative standard deviation (RSD) value was 0.59%. In addition, our analytical method yielded a 29% mean content of valerenic acid in the valerian ethanol extract. These results indicate that the established HPLC method facilitated the determination of marker compounds in the valerian extract for the standardization of health functional foods. Key words: Valerinan officinalis, valerenic acid, HPLC, validation, functional health food

본 연구는 스토리텔링을 활용한 인권활동이 유아의 긍정적 자아개념과 배려행동에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 살펴보는데 목적이 있다. 연구대상은 실험집단 유아 16명과 비교집단 유아 16명을 대상으로 긍정적 자아개념과 배려행동연구를 하였다. 인권 활동은 교실에서 진행이 되었으며, 실험집단은 대집단활동 시 인권에 대한 스토리텔링을 1주일에 2번씩 실시하였고, 비교 집단은 대집단활동 시 다양한 주제로 이야기나누기 활동을 하였다. 이 연구에서 수집된 자료는 SPSS 22.0 프로그램을 사용하여 사전검사와 사후검사로 t 검증을 실시하였다. 스토리텔링을 활용하여 현장에서 인권에 관한 활동을 영유아를 대상으로 실시한 결과, 첫째, 스토리텔링을 활용하여 인권활동을 실시하는 것은 유아들의 긍정적 자아개념 향상에 영향을 주었다. 둘째, 스토리텔링을 활용한 인권활동을 실시한 결과, 배려행동의 하위요소인 정서적 행동, 능동적 행동, 규범적 행동, 가치부여적 행동에 의미있는 영향을 주었다. 영유아의 인권활동이 영유아를 둘러싼 환경속에서 자신의 존재에 대한 긍정적 자아개념과 타인을 배려하는 행동에 긍정적 영향을 미침으로 이러한 교수 학습방법에 대한 현장의 연구노력은 앞으로도 더욱 다양하게 시도되어질 필요가 있다.

연구는 인성의 부재로 인한 학교폭력 등의 문제를 해결하기위해 부모의 인성교육이 시급함을 인식하고, 유아기 부모를 대상으로 한 인성코칭프로그램을 개발하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위하여 C시에 소재한 어린이집의 유아기 부모 164명을 대상으로 프로그램에 대한 인식과 요구에 관한 설문지를 배부하고 회수하여 프로그램 개발하는 기초자료로 활용하였다. 인성교육 프로그램은 코칭프로그램(ACTIVE코칭 대화모델)을 활용하여 인성교육내용을 다루며 핵심내 용은 감성, 도덕성, 사회성을 포함하였다. 소집단형태로 각 회기별 2시간씩 총 6회기로 부모인성코칭을 통해 부모로서 바로서고 인성에 대한 올바른 이해를 통해 인성코치사로서 부모역할을 설정하도록 구안하였다. 본 연구의 의의는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 부족한 부모인성교육프로그램을 보급하고, 부모들이 요구하는 인성교육의 접근기회가 부족한 상황에서 인성코칭프로그램을 통해 긍정적인 부모의 역할을 수행하도록 돕는다. 둘째, 부모인성코칭 프로그램은 코칭의 과정을 접목하여 효과적으로 목표를 달성할 수 있도록 도우며, 인성코치로서의 부모의 자신감을 획득할 수 있도록 한다. 또한 부모자녀관계에 긍정적 목표달성을 도모할 수 있는 코칭의 프로세스를 익힘으로써 부모의 역량을 키울 수 있다.

A strain-gradient crystal plasticity finite element method(SGCP-FEM) was utilized to simulate the compressive deformation behaviors of single-slip, (111)[101], oriented FCC single-crystal micro-pillars with two different slip-plane inclination angles, 36.3o and 48.7o, and the simulation results were compared with those from conventional crystal plasticity finite element method(CP-FEM) simulations. For the low slip-plane inclination angle, a macroscopic diagonal shear band formed along the primary slip direction in both the CP- and SGCP-FEM simulations. However, this shear deformation was limited in the SGCP-FEM, mainly due to the increased slip resistance caused by local strain gradients, which also resulted in strain hardening in the simulated flow curves. The development of a secondly active slip system was altered in the SGCP-FEM, compared to the CP-FEM, for the low slip-plane inclination angle. The shear deformation controlled by the SGCP-FEM reduced the overall crystal rotation of the micro-pillar and limited the evolution of the primary slip system, even at 10% compression.

Seasonal emission characteristics of odors and methane were investigated throughout the period of 17 months in which the emission status of odors and methane from soil cover layers in a sanitary landfill was measured. Complex odor emitted from soil cover layers fluctuated largely at the range of 7~20,800 OU (Odor Unit) in odor dilution ratio, and the median and average values were 2,080 and 4,203 OU, respectively. The intensity of complex odor showed higher values in the spring (5,663 ± 4,033 OU) and winter (6,056 ± 8,372 OU) than in the summer (1,698 ± 3,676 OU) and fall (1,761 ± 451 OU). Based on average concentrations, the compounds with high contribution values for the sum of the odor quotient (SOQ) were hydrogen sulfide (46.1%), methyl mercaptan (26.4%), and dimethyl sulfide (16.8%). This result shows that sulfur compounds were the main odor-causing compounds in the target landfill. The flux of complex odor was 0.17~70.36 OU·m−2·min−1 (Median 0.47, Average 5.40), and the flux of hydrogen sulfide was 0~114.70 μg·m−2·min−1 (Median 0.13, Average 5.91). The methane flux was 0.59~312.70 mg-CH4·m−2·min−1 (Median 25.61, Average 47.99). The methane concentrations emitted at the soil cover layers showed the highest values of 1.0~62.5% (Median 33.0, Average 21.1) in the spring, and the lowest values of 0.1~11.7% (Median 2.3, Average 3.7) in the winter. The methane concentrations in the summer and fall were similar with the average of 17.9% (range of 0.2-44.2%) and 12.5% (range of 2.2-42.5%), respectively. The emission data of odors and methane from soil cover layers can be utilized to establish management policy and apply mitigation technologies for the control of odor and greenhouse gases emitted in landfills.

Alcoholic steatosis is a fundamental metabolic disorder and may precede the onset of more severe forms of alcoholic liver disease. In this study, we isolated enzymatichydrolysate from Semisulcospira libertine by alcalase hydrolysis and investigated the protective effect of Semisulcospira libertine hydrolysate on liver injury induced by alcohol in the mouse model of chronic and binge ethanol feeding (NIAAA). In an in vitro study, the hydrolysate protects HepG2 cells from ethanol toxicity. Liver damage was assessed by histopathological examination, as well as by quantitating activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). After the administration of S. libertina hydrolysate, fat accumulation and infiltration of inflammatory cells in liver tissues were significantly decreased in the NIAAA mouse model. The elevated levels of serum AST, ALT, and ALP activities, along with the lipid contents of a damaged liver, were recovered in experimental mice administrated with S. libertina hydrolysate, suggesting its role in blood enzyme activation and lipid content restoration within damaged liver tissues. Moreover, treatment with S. libertine hydrolysate reduced the expression rate of cyclooxygenase (COX-2), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6, which accelerate inflammation and induces tissue damage. All data showed that S. libertine hydrolysate has a preventive role against alcohol-induced liver damages by improving the activities of blood enzymes and modulating the expression of inflammation factor, suggesting S. libertine hydrolysate could be a commercially potential material for the restoration of hepatotoxicity.

국제 교역 규모의 증가 및 기후변화는 과거와 달리 다양한 해외 병해충의 국내 침입 및 토착화 가능성을 증가시킬수 있다. 해외에서 유입되는 식물병해충은 국내의 자연생태계와 농업환경 전반에 걸쳐 피해를 줄 수 있기에 국가차원에서 선진화된 검역기법을 통한 병해충의 조기차단과 침입한 병해충에 대한 신속하고 효과적인 방제가 이루어져야 한다. 따라서 국내로 유입가능성이 높은 고위험군의 해외병해충에 대한 선제적 연구를 위해 해충전용 밀폐연구시설의 국내 조성 필요성 및 인식에 관한 내용을 곤충학자를 대상으로 설문조사를 진행하였다. 그 결과 전체 설문응답자중 중견연구자와 신진연구자의 경우 각각 85%와 60% 이상 밀폐연구시설의 국내 조성이 필요하며, 이러한 시설은국가주도로 이루어져야한다고 전체 피설문자의 75% 이상이 응답하였다. 또한, 전체 설문 응답자의 95% 이상은밀폐연구시설이 국내 식물검역기술개발과 검역관련 정책에 기여 할 수 있을 것으로 이 답변하였다.

점차 증가하는 해외병해충의 국내 침입 가능성에 대응하기 위한 선제적인 연구가 필요하다. 이를 위해 일부국가에서는 해충 전용 밀폐연구시설(physical containment)을 구축하여 생태계 교란을 방지하기 위한 해충 연구를진행하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 밀폐연구 시설의 구축 시 필요한 망의 크기별 해충의 탈출능력과 풍력 및진공조건에서 해충의 이동능력을 조사하였다. 그 결과, 딱정벌레목의 거짓쌀도둑거저리, 나비목의 담배나방과 배추좀나방, 파리목의 오이꽃과실파리와 오이과실파리 모두 0.65m/s 이상의 풍속조건에서 성충의 이동에는 영향을 주었으나유충에는 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 또한, 진공조건에서는 모든 해충의 행동이 둔해지는 경향을 보였다. 0.25mm의망 크기에서 나비목과 딱정벌레목 해충의 경우 1령 단계에서유출이 가능하였으나, 2령부터는 몸의 크기가 증가하여유출이 되지 않았다.

공항을 통한 여행객들의 식물류 반입 실태를 조사하기 위하여 김해공항을 대상으로 2017년 3월부터 6월까지여행객들의 휴대식물에 대한 검사를 실시하였다. 검사받은 휴대식물 중 323건에서 해충 발생 조사를 실시하였으며,반입국가는 13개국이고, 41개 과실류 품목이었다. 해충이 검출된 건수는 98건이며, 망고 17건, 망고스틴 17건, 슈가애플9건, 자두 8건, 고추 6건, 구아바 5건 등의 순이었다. 반입국가는 베트남 76건으로 가장 많았으며, 태국 8건, 필리핀4건 등의 순으로 많았다. 해충의 종류는 매미목이 45건이었으며, 깍지벌레과와 가루깍지벌레과가 대부분이며, 파리목25건이고 그 중 과실파리류는 24건이었고 오리엔탈과실파리류가 23건을 차지하였다. 본 결과를 토대로 여행객들의휴대식물을 통한 해충류의 침입이 우려되는 상황이며, 검역강화를 위하여 검역관 증원 및 휴대식물 검사강화 등의대책이 필요하다.