In this paper, I undertake the study of click fraud by Cases Analysis and Law Analysis. Click fraud is a type of fraud that occurs on the Internet search advertising in pay-per-click (PPC) when a person, automated script or computer program imitates a legitimate user of a web browser clicking on an ad. PPC advertising is an arrangement in which operators of websites display links from advertisers in exchange for a charge per click. Competitors of advertisers may wish to harm a competitor who advertises in the same market by clicking on their ads. Click-fraud perpetrators essentially pile up and burn their competitors’ marketing budgets in the one place they can attack them. The perpetrators do not profit directly but force the advertiser to pay for irrelevant clicks, thus weakening or eliminating a source of competition. Using a computer to commit click fraud is a felony. According to the Act on promotion of information and communications network utilization and information protection, etc in Korea, No one shall cause a trouble to an information and communications network purposely to interfere with stable operation of the information and communications network by sending a large amount of signals or data, letting the network process an illegitimate order, etc. Also according to the criminal act, Any person who interferes with another person’s business by damaging or destroying any data processor, such as computer, or special media records, such as electromagnetic records, or inputting false information or improper order into the data processor, or making any impediment in processing any data by other way, shall also be subject to the same punishment as referred to in paragraph. In this paper, I have described the concept; ‘letting the network process an illegitimate order’ and inputting false information or improper order.

【벼리】본 연구의 목적은 효율적인 한국어 반의어 교육방법을 모색 하는 데 있다. 이를 위해 실제 한국어 반의어 교육의 현황을 교수자, 학 습자로 나누어 분석하였다. 구체적으로 한국어 교수자와 외국인 학습자 를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시한 후, 다양한 통계기법을 활용하여 한국어 반의어 교육 현황을 분석하였다.

Usually, columns are the key load bearing elements in concrete frame structures. They are typically weak, not to long distance explosive loadings, but to short distance loadings. In this study, the effect of blast loadings occurring within a short distance was examined analytically. Various aspect ratios of column sections with the same sectional area and reinforcement ratio were considered as variables in order to evaluate damage levels. It was found that ratio of residual strength to nominal axial strength of columns decreased as contact area of column to the blast loading became smaller.

In recent years, many potholes in asphalt pavement occurred. In order to facilitate the repair, in this study, repair materials with high durability and excellent productivity appropriate for asphalt pre-cast materials was developed. Physical properties test and durability test of various repair materials(SMA, PMA, guss mixtures, water-reactive mixtures) were performed. In order to evaluate the workability at pre-production time of samples using repair materials were made in different shapes and sizes. Finally, after comparing mixtures, water-reactive mixture was selected as repair material. This was verified through several testing.

Online game industry in Korea is growing up. The growth of game industry brings new problem of Item fraud, stealing by hacking other’s game account, trade of online game accounts etc. Korea Supreme Court decided that a person who had sold his account of online game to others is not guilty when he changed the password of that account after trading game account.The buyer has illegal rights to access to a game accounts, even though he purchased a game accounts. On the contrary the seller has a rightful to access that account. Game service providers prohibit the account trade at their adhesion contracts. Though accounts trading is prohibited from adhesion contracts of online game, the effect of contract is valid to game user and service provider. The trading is a valid contract to the party concerned and the right to access is moved to the buyer entirely.The ‘information of others’ in the article 49 in Act on Promotion of Information and Communications Network Utilization and Data Protection, etc. is to be interpreted from the legality to access to the information not to the network of information service. That is not correct that the Seller who made account first in online game changed this password after trading game account, he is not guilty. Rather this is correct that he violates his contract because he blocked the buyer’s use of account including change of password, playing games, etc. Buyer has an information proprietary rights about games because he buys game account.

The objectives of this study are to examine the processing of oils contamination soil by means of using a micronano-bubble soil washing system, to investigate the various factors such as washing periods, the amount of micro-nano bubbles generated depending on the quantity of acid injection and quantity of air injection, to examine the features involved in the elimination of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) contained in the soil, and thus to evaluate the possibility of practical application on the field for the economic feasibility. The oils contaminated soil used in this study was collected from the 0~15 cm surface layer of an automobile junkyard located in U City. The collected soil was air-dried for 24 hours, and then the large particles and other substances contained in the soil were eliminated and filtered through sieve No.10 (2 mm) to secure consistency in the samples. The TPH concentration of the contaminated soil was found to be 4,914～5,998 mg/kg. The micronano-bubble soil washing system consists of the reactor, the flow equalization tank, the micronano- bubble generator, the pump and the strainer, and was manufactured with stainless material for withstanding acidic phase. When the injected air flow rate was fixed at 2 L/min, for each hydrogen peroxide concentrations (5, 10, 15%) the removal percents for TPH within the contaminated soil with retention times of 30 minutes were respectively identified as 4,931 mg/kg (18.9%), 4,678 mg/kg (18.9%) and, 4,513 mg/kg (17.7%). And when the injected air flow rate was fixed at 2 L/min, for each hydrogen peroxide concentrations (5, 10, 15%) the removal percents for TPH within the contaminated soil with retention times of 120 minutes were respectively identified as4,256 mg/kg (22.3%), 4,621 mg/kg (19.7%) and 4,268 mg/kg (25.9%).

2009년 3월 17일 채집된 황사 총시료(TSP)의 개별 입자에 대하여, 고분해 주사전자현미경 및 에너지분산 X선 분광분석을 이용한 광물학적 특성 및 혼합상태 분석을 실시하였다. 황사 입자들 중, 석영, 사장석, K-장석, 각섬석, 흑운모, 백운모, 녹니석, 방해석 등은 비교적 조립질 입자로 산출되며, 이들 입자는 앓은 극미립 일라이트질 점토광물 층으로 피복되어 있다. 극미립 점토광물 입자들은 또한 개별 점토 덩어리를 형성한다. 조립질 방해석 외에 나노섬유 방해석들이 개별적으로 또는 집합체로 큰 입자를 피복하거나 점토광물과 함께 덩어리를 형성한다. 입자의 주 광물에 따라 광물학적 분류를 실시하고 빈도를 구하였다. 이번 TSP의 단일입자 광물학적 특성 및 혼합상태는 기존의 PM10 분석 결과와 거의 차이가 없었다.

The Supreme Court precedent is related to this litigation regarding several important issues. The first issue is on the exact definition of trade secrets acquisition and their use under the Article 18 of the Prevention of Unfair Competition Act. Other pertinent issues are, once an employee appropriates trade secrets or main assets for a rival company, in what case it would be considered as committing occupational breach of trust and what would constitute as onset of the crime.The Supreme Court held that accessing trade secrets within close time frame of the pertaining business activity with intentions to use the confidential business information regarding that activity would be sufficiently deemed as start of the crime. Additionally, in the case of electronic files such as a tub cards holder, the Supreme Court decided that running of the electronic files would be recognized as onset of the crime. These decisions by the Supreme Court are not particularly problematic. On the other hand, since it is more difficult to determine whether a retired or former employee has committed such occupational breach of trust, the issue calls for further discussion. In order to charge a former employee with professional misappropriation, the employee must be “a person who deals with affairs of others.” In such case, if the former employee has signed a contract with the employer to keep trade secret for reasonable time, there are discernable grounds for putting burden on the employee to maintain confidentiality. However, any confidentiality agreement that is either permanent or lacking specific term for time limit can be excessively infringing on the freedom of former employees to choose their occupation. As a result, provided that the former employee does not have a confidentiality agreement, he should not be punished for occupational misappropriation in order to respect constitutional freedom of career choice and to maintain a balanced interpretation. Furthermore, it is likely that the court will interpret an action requiring an employee to keep business information confidential for unreasonably long time many years after expiration of his employment contract as excessively infringing upon fundamental rights of the employee, such as the freedom of career choice. In addition, other related precedents show similar attitudes even when the employee acquires trade secrets by means of his memories. Thus, I strongly believe that the court should be more cautious in this matter in order to guard basic human rights from ambiguous interpretations.

While it is well known that space environment can produce spacecraft anomaly, defining space environment effects for each anomalies is difficult. This is caused by the fact that spacecraft anomaly shows various symptoms and reproducing it is impossible. In this study, we try to find the conditions of when spacecraft failures happen more frequently and give satellite operators useful information. Especially, our study focuses on the geosynchronous satellites which cost is high and required high reliability. We used satellite anomaly data given by Satellite News Digest which is internet newspaper providing space industry news. In our analysis, 88 anomaly cases occurred from 1997 to 2008 shows bad corelation with Kp index. Satellite malfunctions were likely to happen in spring and fall and in local time from midnight to dawn. In addition, we found the probability of anomaly increase when high energy electron flux is high. This is more clearly appeared in solar minimum than maximum period

하천은 지역마다 독특한 하도특성을 지니고 있다. 우리나라는 전 국토의 70 %가 산지로 구성되어 있으며, 이 가운데 노년기에 지형도 적지 않다. 이를 가로 지르는 우리나라 하천에서 특이한 하도형태의 모습을 보이는 구간이 곳곳에 산재하고 있다. 그 대표적인 모습이 충적하도와 침식하도가 연속해 발생하는 과정에서 나타나는 하천 협소부이다. 하천 협소부란 하천지형학에서 일반적으로 쓰이고 있는 용어이며, 하도수리학에서는 지배유량에 종속되는 일정하폭의 범위를 크게