In order to investigate the PM10 concentration trend and its characteristics over five different sub area in Busan from 2013 to 2015, data analysis with considering air flow distribution according to its topography was carried out using statistical methodology. The annual mean concentrations of PM10 in Busan tend to decrease from 49.6㎍/m³ in 2013 to 46.9㎍/m³ in 2015. The monthly mean concentrations value of PM10 were high during spring season, from March to May, and low during summer and fall due to frequent rain events. The concentration of PM10 was the highest in five different sub-area in Busan. High concentration episodes over 90 percentile of daily PM10 concentration were strongly associated with mean daily wind speed, and often occurred when the westerly wind or southwesterly wind were dominant. Regardless of wind direction, the highest correlation of PM10 concentrations was observed between eastern and southern regions, which were geographically close to each other, and the lowest in the western and eastern regions blocked by mountains. Wind flow along the complex terrain in Busan is also one of the predominant factors to understand the temporal variation of PM10 concentrations.

We investigated the effects of Acorus gramineus water extract on the blood lipid levels in high fat diet-fed obese male mice. We divided thirty-five C57BL/6 mice into 5 groups: normal group, control group, and groups treated with Acorus gramineus water extract at concentrations of 20, 100, and 500 ㎎/㎏. We inoculated Acorus gramineus water extract per orally once a day for 6 weeks respectively. The results revealed that Acorus gramineus water extracts had positive effects on the total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.

Toxoplasmosis is an important cause of foodborne, inflammatory illnesses, as well as congenital abnormalities. Currently available therapies are ineffective for persistent chronic disease and congenital toxoplasmosis or have severe side effects which may result in life-threatening complications. There is an urgent need for safe and effective therapies to eliminate or treat this cosmopolitan infectious disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro anti-Toxoplasma activities of Plantago asiatica L., one of the herbal extracts, using tachyzoit of T. gondii RH strain infected HeLa cells. As the results, the selectivity of Plantago asiatica L. extract was 4.5, which was higher than Sulfadiazine selectivity (0.4). Also, we perfomed the cell proliferation inhibition test and the morphological study to evaluate the anti-T. gondii activity of Plantago asiatica L. extract with HeLa cells. As the results, the inhibition rate of the Plantago asiatica L. extract was high inhibition rate. This indicates that the Plantago asiatica L. extract may be used for new anti-T. gondii agent.

폐수 내 존재하는 인은 수질에 부영영화를 일으키며 생물학적 처리가 어렵다. 인을 처리하는 방법 중 Mg2+을 결정핵으로 이용하여 struvite로 회수하는 방법은 인 제거효율이 높고 회수 후 비료로 이용할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 축산폐수를 이용하여 struvite를 형성하는데 있어, pH 조절제에 따른 phosphate 제거율을 알아보기 위해, 8 N NaOH와 pH buffer solution으로 쓰이는 0.2 M glycine and 0.2 M NaOH, 0.2 M Na2CO3 and 0.2 M NaHCO3, 및 0.05 M borax and 0.2 M NaOH를 사용하였으며, struvite가 잘 형성되는 pH9로 조절하였다. 폐수 내의 인의 농도는 음이온 컬럼(A supp 5 150, Metrohm)이 장착된 ion chromatography(883 basic IC plus, Metrohm)를 이용하여 측정하였고, 표준곡선은 Multi Element IC Std 1 Solution A(highpuritystandards, USA)을 이용하여, 2 ppm ~ 20 ppm 사이의 농도로 작성하였다. Struvite 결정화 반응 5분 후에 인산염 제거율이 각각 100%, 100%, 97.31%, 96.5%, 95.93%로 나타냈으며, 각 pH 조절제를 첨가한 실험구의 결정화 후 pH는 각각 9.02, 9.22, 9.05, 9.11이었다. 회수된 struvite는 증류수에 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%(w/v)로 용해시켜, 시간의 변화에 따른 용해율을 알아보았다. 대조군으로는 시중에 판매되는 양액을 기준으로 비교하였다. 그 결과, 양액의 인산농도는 117.788 mg/L로 일정한 반면, struvite가 들어간 실험군은 용해 초기 값인 42~67 mg/L에서 36시간 결과 후 3~4배(172.13~194.1 mg/L)로 인산염 농도가 증가하였다. Struvite 0.1 g를 황산 95%(Duksan, Korea) 25 mL에 용해시켜 녹인 후, 증류수 25mL를 첨가하여 최대 용해되는 struvite 인산염 농도는 2000 mg/L였다. 그러므로 struvite 용해 실험은 더 진행해야 할 것이며, struvite는 서서히 용출되는 완효성비료로 사용가능할 것이다.

Onion (Allium cepa L.) is one of the richest sources of flavonoids in human diet. Onion peel contains over 20times more quercetin than onion flesh. In this study, we studied the effects of onion peel water extract (OPE) on the bloodlipid profiles in mice. The onion peel extracts was extracted with hot water. The experimental groups were divided with 3groups (n=6) of ICR male mice: normal diet+distilled water (NC), high-fat diet+distilled water (HF), high-fatdiet+onion peel water extract 20㎎/㎏ (OPE-20). The oral administration was conducted daily. The experimental periodwas 7 weeks. Onion peel water extract showed higher concentration of polyphenol gallic acid and anti-oxidant trolox equiv-alent than the ethanol extract. The body weight gain and food efficiency ratio was significantly lower in the OPE-20 group ascompared with HF group (p<0.05). The epididymal fat and retroperitoneal fat showed significantly lower weights and sizesin the OPE-20 group as compared with HF group (p<0.05). The serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and trig-lyceride were significantly lower in the OPE-20 group as compared with HF group (p<0.05). The OPE-20 group showedhigher HDL cholesterol concentration than HF group (p<0.05). Atherogenic index was ignificantly lower in as comparedwith HF group (p<0.05). The serum levels of glucose, GOT and GPT were significantly lower in the OPE-20 group as com-pared with HF group (p<0.05). In these results, we suggests that onion peel water extracts supplementation can reduces theserum lipid components and improves the lipid metabolism in hyperlipidemic mice induced with a high-fat diet.

This study was attempted to evaluate the change of microbial community in inoculums, lag, and stationary phase using the community level physiological profiles (CLPP) base on C-substrate utilization. It was to ascertain the characterizing microbial community over time in the enrichment step of microbial fuel cells. Microbial fuel cell is a device that converts chemical energy to electricity with aid of the catalytic reaction of microorganisms using C-substrate included wastewater. Microbial fuel cells enriched by a mixture of anaerobic digestive sludge of the sewage treatment plant and livestock wastewater were used. The current after enrichment was generated about 0.84 ± 0.06 mA. Microbial community in inoculums, lag and stationary phase used amine group, phosphorylated chemical group, and carboxylic acid group (some exclusion). However, phenolic compound did not use by microorganisms in lag and stationary phase. It means that there are not the microorganisms capable of decompose the phenol in microbial fuel cell enriched by livestock wastewater. In case of substrates of amino acid and carbohydrates group, these C-substrates were only used by microorganisms in the stationary phase. It may be that electrochemically active microorganisms (EAM) which we want to know should utilize the better these C-substrates than that of lag phase. This study showed that the electrochemically active bacteria that can be distinguished by electron changes of C-substrate utilization over time could be separated.