Hybrid surveys using hydroacoustic and fish sampling gears such as trammel net, trap were conducted to investigate total biomass, distribution and dominant fish species of the demersal fishes in the marine ranching area (MRA) of Jeju. Four surveys were carried out in June, August, October and November using 38kHz quantitative echo sounder. Catch data using trammel net and trap were used to calculate biomass and to examine dominant fish species. Fish schools were mainly detected in the waters of 20 meters below and around Chagwido waters. By the result of fishing experiments, fish species living in MRA of Jeju were about 40 species, dominant fish species of a detectable fish such as Family Sparidae and Family Monacanthidae etc. were identified 59.4~68.8% of total biomass. Based on the hydroacoustic data, fish length-weight function and target strength information, mean density of the demersal fish estimated were as follows; 0.88g/m2 on June, 1.12g/m2 on August, 1.35g/m2 on October and 1.18g/m2 on November. An estimated average biomass in MRA of Jeju was founded 20.5 tons in 2007, 20.6 tons in 2008, 23.0 tons in 2009, 25.9 tons in 2010. The results showed that biomass of MRA is getting increased slowly. Therefore the hybrid survey method using hydroacoustic and fish sampling gears is assured an effective biomass survey in the waters of mixed species.

Simulation technique for the fish behavior was applied to estimate fish school movement in the cage net. Individual-based fish behavior model (Huth and Wessel, 1991) was evaluated in a free area to understand the characteristics for the model, and the movement in the cage net was simulated by defining the fish reaction against the displacement of cage net. As a result, the distance to the net was not considerably changed and the space among fishes in cage net was slightly decreased by reducing the net space. Swimming area was, however, significantly affected by changing the net space and the relationship between swimming area and net displacement was theoretically estimated as y=-0.21x+1.02 (R2=0.96). these results leads the conclusion that individual-based model was appropriated to describe the fish school reaction in the cage net and be able to use for evaluating the influence on cultured fish.

Hydro-acoustic survey was carried out to estimate a fish distribution at marine ranching area and aggregated fish schools at artificial reef area in Oeyeondo, Korea. The survey system was set up with DGPS system, scientific echo sounder (EK60, Simrad Co.), and ECDIS (Mecys. Co. LTD). A track survey and a random survey was respectively applied to the marine ranching area (474.4ha) and to the artificial reef area (within a radius of 300m). As the result, fish distribution and MVBS values in marine ranching area showed that created fisheries resources didn't come to be abundant yet as to appear fish distribution in all of the area. In the artificial reef area, it was, however, able to detect many fish school signals on the top of and around artificial reefs and to confirm the luring effect of artificial reefs.

Squid by-product like viscera has just been recognized as one of the serious pollutants on the surrounding marine environment in Ulleung island of Korea. The effect as a marine pollutant, however, has not been examined and evaluated properly. It was carried out the comprehensive examination of the marine pollution by disposing squid by-products. The sediments and water qualities were investigated in several positions, including the dumping position around Ulleung island. It is also estimated a spreading of by-product in terms of estimating the sinking speed and evaluating the attracting characteristics as a feed. As a result, There were no significant pollutions of the sediment and water quality. The spreading of by-product by the local current was 2-2.5 times of the depth, and it will become longer in spring tide. It was confirmed that the squid by-product has attracting ability for local fish by acoustical survey. Furthermore, it can be useful for the local fish species as feeds.

The moving ranges and behavior of four wild abalones, Haliotis discus hannai, were measured by an acoustic telemetry technique. The shape of the sea bottom of the experimental area was surveyed by a bathymetry system and three self-recording type acoustic receivers were used for monitoring the behavior and measuring the movement range. The abalones (WA1-WA4) attached acoustic tags were released and measured the movement during ten months. Three abalones (WA1, WA3 and WA4) were successively detected around the released point during the experiment and were moved to the V2 area where water depth is deeper than the V1 area. The change of inhabitation depth was also detected from the depth sensor of WA4. As the result, abalones were moved to deeper water area accordance with the decrease of the water temperature. The moved ranges of abalones were approximately 200 - 400m from the release point.

The indirect target strength (TS) estimation method which uses the Kirchhoff ray mode model (KRM model) was discussed to apply for a biomass estimation in the water of mixed species. TS of 25 live scorpion fishes for 120kHz were measured by a tethered method and of others dominant 5 species in the marine ranching ground of Jeju coastal water including a scorpion fish were also estimated by KRM model. The measurement TS of scorpion fish well agreed with the theoretical values and the standard formula of scorpion fish was estimated as TS120kHz=20Log (L)-72.9 (r2=0.67). TScm values estimated on trial to each sample of dominant 5 species were from -69.3dB to -75.1dB at 120kHz and they were in the general range of swimbladdered fish. It was clarified that TS by KRM model can be used to estimate fish biomass estimation by increasing a sample number and is more effective under the condition that there is rare TS information for inhabiting species in mixed-species area.

Assessment and management of fisheries abundance in fresh water like a river or a lake is very important to maintain fisheries itself as well as tourist industry even if their scale is not much large. The species for catch in fresh water are mainly a mandarin fish, a carp, an eel, and others. Because oriental river prawn is a main prey of these species and the change in its abundance is directly related to their abundance change in fresh water, information on the abundance and distribution of the species are necessary. Hydroacoustic survey is known to one of the efficient method among several methodology. Information on acoustic target strength is key parameter to estimate abundance for acoustic survey. In this study, measurements on oriental river prawn, Macrobrachium koreana, were conducted for two high frequencies(200kHz and 420kHz) with tilt angle using automatic rotating system. The results of acoustic target strength obtained from the experiment were compared with those of acoustic scattering model, Distorted Wave Born Approximation(DWBA) model. For 200kHz, the result of acoustic target strength experiments was expressed in terms of the averaged target strength dependence on the body langth(BL, cm) as a following relationship; 〈 TS200kHz 〉 = 45.9log(BL) - 107.4. These results provide basic information for studying acoustic target strength and conducting acoustic survey of oriental river prawn.

정치망 원통의 거동을 장기선 방식으로 측정할 수 있는 계류식 수중위치측정시스템을 제작하고, 그 실용성을 확인하기 위하여 소조기 (2000. 10. 6)와 대조기 (2000. 11. 28)에 현장실험을 실시하였다. 현장실험에서 4개의 트랜스폰더는 원통의 남북방향으로 부착시키고, 1개의 트랜스폰더는 해저에 고정시켰다. 그리고, 원통까래의 상하진동은 3개의 테이터로거를 원통의 동서방향 (원통의 길이 방향)으로 부착시켜 대조기에 관측하였다. 소조기에 측정한 원통의 동서방향, 남북방향, 상하방향의 변화폭은 각각 3.2 m, 3.4 m, 2.1 m이었고, 대조기에는 각각 7.8 m, 7.8 m, 5.0 m로 소조기보다 2.3배 이상 컸다. 원통까래의 상하진동폭은 비탈그물에 가까운 쪽이 3.2 m, 중앙부가 3.7 m, 머거리쪽이 8.4 m이었다. 전반적으로 유속이 10 cm/s 이상일 때와 흐름의 방향이 원통의 길이방향과 일치하지 않을 때에 까래의 심도 감소와 상하진동이 빈번하게 발생하였다. 해저에 고정시킨 트랜스폰더를 사용하여 수파기 좌표의 변동을 측정한 결과, 정치망 사개에 부착한 수파기라도 흐름에 의해 그 좌표가 수 m 정도 변함을 알 수 있었고, 정치망의 거동 측정시 이러한 좌표의 변동을 보정하여야 측정오차를 줄일 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구에서 제작한 3차원 수중위치측정시스템의 위치오차는 가두리에서 측정한 결과, x축, y축, z축이 각각 0.6 m, 0.8 m, 1.2 m이었고, 기선의 내부이거나 기선에 가까울수록 작았다.