The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary habits and snack consumption behaviors of middle school students with different obesity indexes in the Chungnam area. The survey was carried out using self-questionnaires and included 385 students(119 underweight, 193 normal weight, 66 overweight). The rate of skipping meals was higher for underweight students than overweight students; however, this difference was not statistically significant. The mean time of meal was 10 to 20 minutes and the criteria for choosing to eat a meal were ‘hunger’ and ‘taste’ in all groups. More than half of the subjects ate snacks 1 time a day, which were purchased outside. The typical snack time was ‘between lunch and dinner’. The criteria of for consuming a meal were ‘taste’ and ‘price’ in all groups. In the underweight group, the snack food scores were ice cream(4.4), fruit(4.3), fried chicken(4.1), sports beverage(4.0), fruit juice(4.0), pizza(4.0) and, tteokbokki(3.9). In the normal weight group, the snack food scores were ice cream(4.3), fried chicken(4.2), pizza(4.0), sports beverage(3.9), fruit juice(3.9) and, tteokbokki(3.9) in the overweight group, the snack food scores were ice cream(4.3), fruit(4.3), fried chicken(4.2), yogurt(4.0), sports beverage(4.0), fruit juice(4.0) and, ramen(4.0). In conclusion, the snaking behaviors of the subjects were not significantly different based on their obesity index. However, this study may provide basic information on the snacking behaviors of middle school students, and the findings suggest that nutrition education or counseling can improve snack intake habits and positive behaviors toward healthy adolescents diets.

Enforcement of the beef traceability system can block the sale of imported beef disguised Hanwoo and help customers to know detailed information of the Hanwoo beef while purchase. This study was carried out to investigate the possibilities of identifying DNA upon various ripening and roasting methods (soy sauce, gochujang sauce, 10% vinegar, 10% coke, 10% Cheongha, 10% Soju, completely burned out, raw, normal roasted, dried, and boiled) employed for beef traceability system. Completely burned out meat could not yied useful DNA in the sample, hence wa not analysed. The amplified peaks in most of the samples appeared equally barring completely burned out meat. However, roasted beef after ripened in soy sauce showed new peaks or deletion of a peaks with two markers. The DNA allele height and the amount of extracted DNA in roasted beef after ripening in 10% Cheongha was found to be higher than those in the raw beef. No significant correlations between DNA allele height and the amount of extracted DNA within the samples was noticed. Also, these results suggest that beef traceability using microsatellite (MS) markers is possible in various roasting beef because of bovine specific MS markers. Therefore, beef traceability system by DNA identify test would give the confidence in food safety and beef distribution system to customers.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic disorders of unknown etiology characterized by inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Recent data showed that the development of IBD is associated with the interplay of genetic, bacterial, and environmental factors and dysregulation of the intestinal immune system. We investigated how the gut cells were repaired after injury in Drosophila melanogaster. In this study we made D. melanogaster intestine damage model by oral feeding with variety IBD inducer such as pathogenic bacteria Serratia marcescens, Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS) and bleomycin, because its function is very similar with human, even though D. melanogaster has relatively simple organism. We repeated oral feeding with variety IBD inducer and got the survival rate and 50% lethal dose (LD50). After feeding with IBD inducer, we investigated the change of the intestinal stem cells, innate immune-related gene expression, and apoptosis in D. melanogaster gut. We examined the Delta, stem cell marker, staining image in the gut after feeding with DSS and S. marcescens with LD50 concentration. The Delta positive cells greatly increased in gut cells damaged by DSS or S. marcescens. This result supports the idea that intestinal gut stem cells are increased after gut cell damage and play very important role in damaged cell repair. Expression level of antimicrobial peptides was dramatically up-regulation after gut damage. As a result of TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated X-dUTP nick end labeling) assay, we confirmed that cell death by apoptosis was very increased in DSS feeding flies. Accordingly, we suggest that D. melanogaster is a proper IBD model organism to study how intestine damage can be repaired.

The purposes of this study were to provide the basic data and investigate the reliability of functional reach test and identify correlation of Berg balance scale (BBS) and functional reach test (FRT). The subjects were twenty healthy young adults and forty-five over 65 years old in order to compare balance ability. These data were analyzed by independent t-test and Pearson's correlation test using SPSS WIN 10.0. The results were as follows. Intrarater reliability coefficients of FRT was .976 and interrater was .942. FRT was significantly correlated with age, height, and BBS (p<.05). There were no significant differences in FRT and BBS by sex. There was significant difference in reach distance between below 74 elderly and above in FRT. FRT is very reliable test for balance and significantly correlated with BBS. Therefore, it is suggested that FRT is a clinically useful tool to substitute for BBS measuring balance ability in the elderly.

The purpose of this study were to compare light touch, two-point discrimination, position sense, and static balance ability and to examine the relationship of static balance ability and different senses in those who are wearing various heights of high-heeled shoes. Each 29 women was classified two different heights (below 3 cm, above 7 cm) by experience in wearing shoes. A t-test was used to determine the differences between low- and high-heeled shoe in light touch, two-point discrimination, position sense, and static balance ability. Pearson correlation was used to examine the relationship of static balance ability to these sensation. The results were as follows: 1) No significant differences in average light touch, position sense between two groups were found(p>0.05). But significant differences in average two-point discrimination, static balance ability were found(p<0.05). 2) Static balance ability was not significantly correlated with light touch, position sense, two-point discrimination(p>0.05). The results suggest that long time experience in wearing high-heeled shoe may be caused local sensory change and decreased static balance ability. Even though, static balance ability was not significantly affected but correlated with two-point discrimination, position sense, and light touch in order.

본 연구에서는 기존의 균열보수 주입공법의 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 일반포트와는 다르게 중앙부에 높은 압력을 견딜 수 있도록 저장관의 재질은 고탄성 라텍스를 사용하였으며, 균열부위에 보수용액을 주입시 콘크리트 균열 내부에 존재하고 있는 공기가 배출될 수 있도록 TPS 공법을 개발 하였다. 또한 보수용액의 역류를 차단하는 밸브를 주입구에 설치한 새로운 주입식 포트를 개발하고 이에 대한 물리적 특성을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 기존 주사기 공법에 비해 보수용액 주입속도가 향상되고, 시험조건에서 균열부위가 완전히 충전되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 보수 후의 품질은 압축강도 및 인장강도의 경우 주사기 공법 적용시에는 보수 후 약 20% 정도 저하하는 것으로 나타났고, TPS 공법 은 보수 후 강도가 오히려 약 2~7% 증가하는 경향으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과를 통하여 탄성저장관을 사용한 주입식 포트 공법은 기존의 주사기 공법과 비교하여 주입성능 및 보수 후 품질이 증가하는 것을 알 수 있었고, 이를 활용하여 실구조물 적용 및 상용화를 위한 기반 자료로서 활용하고자 한다.

The suitable feeder cell layer is important for culture of embryonic stem (ES) cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of two kinds of the feeder cell, MEF cells and STO cells, layer to mouse ES (mES) cell culture for maintenance of stemness. We compare the colony formations, alkaline phosphatase (AP) activities, expression of pluripotency marker genes and proteins of D3 cell colonies cultured on MEF feeder cell layer (D3/MEF) or STO cell layers (D3/STO) compared to feeder free condition (D3/–) as a control group. Although there were no differences to colony formations and AP activities, interestingly, the transcripts level of pluripotency marker genes, Pou5f1 and Nanog were highly expressed in D3/MEF (79 and 93) than D3/STO (61and 77) or D3/– (65 and 81). Also, pluripotency marker proteins, NANOG and SOX-2, were more synthesized in D3/MEF (72.8±7.69 and 81.2±3.56) than D3/STO (32.0±4.30 and 56.0±4.90) or D3/– (55.0±4.64 and 62.0±6.20). These results suggest that MEF feeder cell layer is more suitable to mES cell culture. Key words : Mouse embryonic stem cell, Feeder cell, Pluripotency marker, MEF feeder cell

Physicochemical characteristics of Kwangyang Bay, have been investigated on the effects of inputting rivers just after rainy season in summer 2003. The results ranged from 4.96～8.01 mg/L for DO, 1.16～3.09 mg/L for COD, 7.21～67.71 μM for DIN and 0.12～121.84 μM for phosphate. The COD of Yeosu Area was 1.19～3.09 ㎎/L, Kwangyang Area was 1.23～2.76 ㎎/L. The COD of Wallae cheon in Yeosu Area was 3.09 ㎎/L and Donghoan in Kwangyang Area was 2.76 ㎎/L. The reason of high COD might be industrial sewage of organic chemical plants and iron foundry. DIN of Yeosu Area and Kwangyang Area were 7.21～63.43 μM and 8.43～67.71 μM respectively. The average phosphate of Yeosu Area was 23.65 μM. The source of phosphate might be industrial sewages of fertilizer plant and phosphate gypsum stocked with high amounts. The metal concentrations were measured in the range of 1.01～175.10 ㎍/L for Cu, 0.13～1.78 ㎍/L for Cd, 1.13～5.21 ㎍/L for Pb, 1.58～13.57 ㎍/L for Cr and 1.07～20.68 ㎍/L for As. The average Cu concentration was 78.99 ㎍/L in Kwangyang Area. The source of Cu might be industrial sewage of iron foundry. The average Cr concentration of Yeosu Area was 9.07 ㎍/L. That is 2 times higher than Kwangyang Bay 5.74 ㎍/L, because of sewage of chemical plants.